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Paper
J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18, 3319 - 3324, DOI: 10.1039/b802417k
Controlled growth of true nanoscale single crystal fullerites for device applications
Lok Cee Chong, Jeremy Sloan, Gabriele Wagner, S. Ravi P. Silva and Richard J. Curry
A systematic study on the effect of varying a number of experimental parameters including temperature, solvent and concentration on the nature of C60 crystalline structures (fullerites) grown using the liquid–liquid precipitation method is reported. A variety of fullerite structures of varying degrees of quality are obtained depending on the conditions used. We present evidence of a solvent dependent annealing effect leading to an improvement in fullerite quality. Variation of the alcohol C60 solubility is seen to generally lead to an increase in the size of the fullerite rods obtained which may also be related to the relative polarity of the solvents used. It was observed that aromatic solvents containing electron withdrawing groups tended to destabilise fullerite rod growth. We report the smallest repeatable pristine single crystal fullerite rods grown with diameters of
80 nm, representing close to an order of magnitude decrease in scale compared to other structures obtained using this method. The growth of these structures raises questions regarding the currently assumed method of growth based on C60 colloid formation. The new class of small fullerites obtained are characterised for their structural, physical and optical properties.
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