Issue 12, 2008
From the journal:

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry

Critical evaluation of five emissive europium(iii) complexes as optical probes: correlation of cytotoxicity, anion and protein affinity with complex structure, stability and intracellular localisation profile†

Benjamin S. Murray,a   Elizabeth J. New,a   Robert Pala  and  David Parker*a  

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
E-mail: david.parker@durham.ac.uk

Abstract

Five structurally related europium(III) complexes of heptadentate macrocyclic ligands bearing azaxanthone or azathiaxanthone chromophores have been evaluated comparatively as responsive probes of the intracellular environment. Protein binding (HSA) and oxy-anion binding constants have been measured by titrimetric analysis, examining ratiometric emission changes for three examples, and systems exhibiting selectivity for citrate or hydrogencarbonate identified. The cytotoxicity of each ligand and complex has been assessed and correlated with the observed chemical stability profile in competitive aqueous media. The europium complex of L2 is non-toxic, exhibits a large change in its emission spectral profile to variation in HCO3− (or citrate) concentration allowing ratiometric analysis, and localises in cellular mitochondria. Such features augur well for its future application as a responsive probe in microscopy to monitor local changes in pHCO3.

Graphical abstract: Critical evaluation of five emissive europium(iii) complexes as optical probes: correlation of cytotoxicity, anion and protein affinity with complex structure, stability and intracellular localisation profile

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/B803895C
Article type
Paper
Submitted
06 Mar 2008
Accepted
19 Mar 2008
First published
21 Apr 2008

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2008,6, 2085-2094

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Critical evaluation of five emissive europium(III) complexes as optical probes: correlation of cytotoxicity, anion and protein affinity with complex structure, stability and intracellular localisation profile

B. S. Murray, E. J. New, R. Pal and D. Parker, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2008, 6, 2085 DOI: 10.1039/B803895C

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