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Most of the following programmes come with associated teachers and students notes. For further information see Leeds University Television Catalogue at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/ums/vtcatalogue.
1 The apparatus displayed
Various items of laboratory ware are briefly displayed.
2 Some laboratory procedures
(i) desiccators and desiccants: regeneration of silica gel
and vacuum
desiccation
(ii) distillation: water and air cooled condensers
(iii) filtration: from gravity and folding filter papers
to suction and the use of
Buchner and Hirsch funnels
(iv) gas cylinders: oxygen cylinder, the two headed valve
and flash arrestors
(v) heating chemicals: thermometers, water and steam
baths, ovens, electric
heating mantles and hot plates, Bunsen and Meeker burners, and
the muffle
furnace
(vi) indicator papers
(vii) the separating funnel: iodine is extracted from
aqueous iodine /
potassium iodide using trichloromethane and diethyl ether as
examples of heavier
and lighter than water organic extractions respectively.
(viii) volumetric glassware: glassware codes A and B; the
pipette from
cleaning to filling with pipette filler and discharging; the
burette and titration;
common end points are examined - acid / base using
phenolphthalein, iodine /
thiosulphate with starch, EDTA / aqueous zinc using eriochrome
T, silver nitrate /
ammonium thiocyanate with iron (III) salt, and acid / base
using a pH meter; and
the role of the volumetric flask is examined in the making of
a standard solution of
aqueous nickel (II) chloride includes the correct use of heat
and ultrasound to help
dissolve the chloride
(ix) weighing: 2 and 4 decimal place balance; weighing
liquid using a
disposable syringe to dispense glycerol ether and the effect
of evaporation; and 7
decimal place balance is used to weigh a sample for C, H, N
analysis
3 Potentially confusing terms: the following terms are examine: 'weigh accurately about .....'; 'make an accurate solution from a solid'; 'make an accurate solution from another solution'; and 'dilute the solution to about .....'.
55 minutes. 1992 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £27.50 + p. & p. + VAT
This set of three videos contains 106 demonstration experiments - nearly all of the inorganic chemistry in GCSE and A-level courses, together with a useful coverage of physical properties and electrochemistry. They include demonstrations to difficult or dangerous to be performed in the school laboratory, but their main advantage is their saving in time and expensive chemicals - and of course they always work!
The tapes are available individually or as a set of three with notes cost: £65.00 + VAT + p&p.
Extra copies of notes: £7.50.
PT1 The periodic table
PT2 The third period elements
PT3 Reaction of the third period hydroxide / oxide with water
PT4 Exploding plastic bottle (Ignition of hydrogen and oxygen gases)
PT5 The effect on water containing dilute acid and phenolphthalein indicator of the addition of the following is observed, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and a large piece of sodium
PT6 The halogens
PT7 The formation of sodium chloride
PT8 The reaction of aluminium and iodine
PT9 The combustion of carbon
PT10 The combustion of phosphorous
PT11 The combustion of sulphur
PT12 Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide (using vanadium pentoxide as catalyst)
PT13 Reactions of concentrated sulphuric acid (with filter paper, sugar and hydrated copper sulphate)
PT14 Transition metal anions (samples of the anions, sulphate, chloride, nitrate and carbonate of the transition metals titanium through to zinc are briefly examined)
PT15 Period 3 chlorides reactions (with ammonia and water)
PT16 period 3 chlorides - structure
PT17 Hydrides (addition to water of sodium hydride and chlorine hydride
PT18 The oxidation states of vanadium ((V) to (II))
PT19 Reduction of chromium (III) to chromium (II)
PT20 Oxidation of chromium (III) to chromium (VI)
PT21 Oxidation of chromium (VI)
PT22 Reduction of chromium (VI) to (III)
PT23 Conversion of dichromate to chromate and vice versa
PT24 Action of heat on ammonium dichromate (volcano experiment)
PT25 Oxidation of manganese (II) to manganese (VII)
PT26 Reduction of manganese (VII) to manganese (VI)
PT27 Reduction of manganese (VII) to manganese (II)
ID - Chemical Identification
ID1 Test for water (anhydrous copper sulphate)
ID2 Action of dilute acid on sodium carbonate
ID3 Reaction of carbon dioxide and lime water
ID4 Reaction of silver nitrate (with sodium chloride, bromide and iodide)
ID5 Reaction of barium chloride with sodium sulphate
ID6 Reaction of copper (II) and magnesium (II) with dilute sodium hydroxide
ID7 Reaction of metal cations with dilute sodium hydroxide (cations: copper (II), iron (II) & (III), silver (I), zinc (II) and aluminium (III))
ID8 Lead (II) iodide (is formed from potassium iodide and lead nitrate)
ID9 Chemical gardens (Crystals of iron (III) chloride, cobalt (II) chloride and nickel (II) chloride are placed in sodium silicate solution)
RS1 Reactivity of halogens
RS2 Reaction between sodium and oxygen
RS3 Reaction between magnesium and oxygen, and carbon dioxide
RS4 Reaction between magnesium and dilute acid
RS5 Reaction of mercury chloride and aluminium
RS6 The Thermite reaction
RS7 Reaction between zinc and sulphur
RS8 Reaction between iron and sulphur
RS9 Reaction between iron and steam
RS10 Reaction between iron and oxygen
RS11 Iron displacing oxygen
RS12 Reaction between lead (II) oxide and carbon
RS13 Lead 'trees'
RS14 Copper displacing silver
RS15 Copper and silver mirrors
RS16 Reaction between copper (II) oxide and hydrogen
RS17 Action of heat on mercury (II) oxide
83 minutes. 1989 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + p. & p. + VAT
PR1 Copper (II) sulphate (is produced from (i) copper oxide and (ii) copper carbonate)
PR2 Aluminium trichloride (from aluminium)
PR3 Tin tetrachloride (from tin and chlorine)
PR4 Tin tetraiodide (from tin and iodine)
PR5 Lead tetrachloride ((i)lead chloride is converted to ammonium hexachloroplumbate (IV); (ii) ammonium hexachloroplumbate (IV) is converted to lead tetrachloride; (iii) hydrolysis of lead tetrachloride; (iv) heating of lead tetrachloride; and (v) addition of lead tetrachloride to benzene
PR6 Phosphorous pentachloride from phosphorous
PR7 Phosphorous pentachloride from phosphorous trichloride
PR8 Disulphur dichloride (from sulphur)
PR9 Potassium iodate (V) (from iodine)
PR10 Anhydrous iron (II) chloride (hydrogen chloride gas is passed over hydrated iron (II) chloride to give anhydrous iron (II) chloride)
PR11 Hexammine cobalt (II) chloride (from cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate)
PR12 Hexammine nickel (II) bromide (from Nickel (II))
PR13 Tetraamminediaquocopper (II) sulphate (from aqueous copper (II) sulphate)
PR14 Copper (I) chloride (from copper foil - illustrates use of oxygen free conditions)
PR15 Copper (I) oxide (from sodium potassium tartrate and copper (II) sulphate)
IN1 The Gouy balance (magnetic properties of cobalt (II) chloride, iron (II) sulphate, zinc (II) sulphate and hexammine cobalt (II) chloride are investigated)
IN2 Mass spectrometry (mass spectrum of methylphenylketone is obtained using a Kratos MS25 mass spectrometer)
IN3 X - Ray diffraction (Philips 1729 X - ray generator & diffractometer is used to look at the structure of sodium & caesium chloride)
IN4 Ultra violet spectrophotometry (UV absorption spectrum of benzene vapour is taken using a PE 2 UV/Vis spectrophotometer)
IN5 Visible spectrophotometry (visible absorption spectrum of aqueous potassium per- manganate is obtained using PE 15 visible spectrophotometer)
IN6 Infra - red spectrophotometry (infra -red absorption spectrum of methylphenyl ketone is taken with a PE 1310 infra -red spectrophotometer)
IN Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of methylphenyl ketone is obtained using a JEOL FX 90 Q nuclear magnetic resonance spectrom- eter)
57 minutes. 1989 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £25.00 + p. & p. + VAT
QA1 Reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with sodium halides (chloride, bromide and iodide)
QA2 Reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with sodium nitrate
QA3 Reaction of sodium carbonate with carbon dioxide
QA4 Precipitation of sodium chloride from brine (with hydrogen chloride gas)
QA5 Silver chromate as an titration indicator: (i) silver (I) nitrate and sodium chloride; (ii) silver nitrate and potassium chromate (VI); and (iii) potassium chromate (VI) and sodium chloride titrated against silver nitrate
QA6 Separation of aqueous copper (II) and zinc (II)
QA7 Separation of aqueous zinc (II) and iron (III)
QA8 Reaction of metal cations with dilute ammonia (cations: copper (II), iron (III), iron (II), silver (I), zinc (II) and aluminium (III))
QA9 Reactions of metal ions with solid sodium carbonate (cations: calcium (II), copper (II), iron (III), iron (II), zinc (II), magnesium (II), aluminium (III) and chromium (III))
QA10 Liesegang rings
QA11 Blue prints (iron (III) and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution)
CI1 Reaction of silver nitrate with halides then ammonia (halides: sodium chloride, sodium bromide and sodium iodide)
CI2 Cobalt (II) complexes with water, ammonia and chloride
CI3 Copper (II) complexes with water, ammonia and chloride
CI4 Nickel (II) complexes (nickel (II) complexes are reacted with 1,2 - diaminoethane.)
CI5 A simple polyiodide (production of potassium triiodide solution from iodine)
PP1 Change of pH with acid and alkali
PP2 Heat of neutralisation of acid with base ((i) aqueous sodium hydroxide is reacted with dilute nitric, sulphuric, hydrochloric and ethanoic acids; and (ii) aqueous ammonia is reacted with dilute ethanoic acid)
PP3 Fountain experiment with hydrogen chloride and ammonia
PP4 Diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride
PP5 Heat of hydration of sulphuric acid
PP6 Heat of solution of ammonium nitrate
PP7 Heat of crystallisation of sodium thiosulphate
PP8 Dissociation of dinitrogen tetraoxide
EC1 Electrolysis of water (aqueous sodium sulphate is electrolysed) EC2 Electrolysis of brine (mercury (Kellner - Solvay) cell)
EC3 Electrolysis of molten lead bromide
EC4 The Voltaic pile
EC5 Simple cells (using, aqueous sodium sulphate and a carbon electrode - platinum, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, magnesium, sodium and lithium)
EC6 The hydrogen electrode (a standard hydrogen electrode is set up using a platinum electrode, immersed in hydrochloric acid with hydrogen bubbled over it. The following metal/aqueous metal ion solutions are used to form the other half of the cell and the potential difference produce observed: (i) copper / copper (II) sulphate; (ii) silver / silver (I) nitrate; (iii) zinc / zinc (II) sulphate; (iv) calomel electrode / potassium chloride; and (v) mercury (I) sulphate / sodium sulphate. The following cells are also set up: (i) copper / copper (II) sulphate // calomel electrode / potassium chloride; (ii) silver / silver (I) nitrate // calomel electrode / potassium chloride; and (iii) zinc / zinc (II) sulphate // calomel electrode / potassium chloride
EC7 E.M.F. measurements involving copper complexes t(he cell - zinc / aqueous zinc (II) // copper / aqueous copper (II) is set up and the E.M.F. produced is measured. To the copper half cell is added the following and the effect on the E.M.F. produced observed - dilute ammonia, excess dilute ammonia, solid sodium sulphide and potassium cyanide.
53 minutes. 1989 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £25.00 + p. & p. + VAT
This programme looks at the role of dyes and pigments in modern life, additive and subtractive colour theory, and traditional and quantum theory colour prediction methods.
26 minutes. 1984 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £30.00 + p. & p. + VAT
Introduction looks at qualitative and quantitative analyses, the colour of transition metal salts, the reaction of aqueous copper (II) and excess aqueous ammonia, iron (III) and thiocyanate, colour from subjective and objective to absorp- tion spectra, and dual and single beam spectrophotometers.
1 A qualitative spectrophotometric study of red and blue inks using a single beam spectrophotometer
2 A quantitative spectrophotometric study of red and blue inks including Beer's Law and isobestic points
3 Determination of the pKa of an indicator using the A/B spectrophotometric method of determining equilibria
4 Spectrophotometric study of the complex formed between aqueous iron (III) and thiocyanate
5 Various transition metal complexes: aqueous cobalt (II) with solid lithium chloride and ethanol; aqueous copper (II) with aqueous ammonia, aqueous EDTA, and more aqueous ammonia; aqueous iron (III) with thiocyanate, aqueous EDTA, and more aqueous thiocyanate; aqueous iron (III) with thiocyanate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and more thiocyanate; and aqueous chromium (III) with EDTA in air and hot water
Complexes, Colour and Equilibria: Part B
1 Results from experiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 outlined in part A
2 101: The determination of the formation constant of tetrachlorocobaltate (II)
3 C1: Quantitative analysis - determination of manganese in steel from dissolution of steel sample
59 minutes. 1988 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + p. & p. + VAT
This programme, made to complement the Nuffield Advanced Level Mineral Process Chemistry option, looks at the Force Crag mine in the north east of England, the last one in the UK to produce zinc. It includes mineral processing and its underlying theory.
13 minutes. 1993 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £25.00 + p. & p. + VAT
The following four tapes cover 33 experiments gleaned from A - level syllabi. Along with the videocassettes, a fully comprehensive teachers guide is provided, covering the script, theory, and instructions on how to execute the experiment in the class.
The tapes can be purchased separately, prices being shown below, or all four tapes can be obtained for £99.00 + p. & p. + VAT
Note: all distillations below are carried out at ambient pressure.
P1 Aspirin: from 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and ethanoic
anhydride
P2 Benzenecarboxamide: from ammonia and benzoyl peroxide
demonstrating
hot recrystallization and melting point determination
P3 Benzoyl chloride: from benzoic acid and sulphur
dichloride oxide
demonstrating reflux and distillation
P4 Bromobutane: from Hydrobromic acid and butan-1-ol
demonstrating reflux,
distillation and liquid/liquid extraction
P5 Bromoethane: from ethanol and sodium bromide
demonstrating distillation
and liquid/liquid extraction
P6 4-Bromophenylamine: from N-ethanoyl-4-bromophenylamine
and
hydrochloric acid demonstrating recrystallisation and melting
point determination
P7 Butanedioic anhydride: from butanedioic acid and
ethanoic anhydride
demonstrating reflux and melting point determination
P8 Cyclohexene: from cyclohexanol and phosphoric acid
demonstrating
liquid/liquid extraction and distillation
P9 Diazonium Compounds: from sodium nitrate and
phenylamine
P10 1,4-dimethylbenzene sulphonic acid hydrate: from
1,4-dimethylbenzene
and concentrated sulphuric acid demonstrating air cooled
reflux
P11 Ethanal: from sodium dichromate and ethanol
demonstrating
distillation
53 minutes. 1996 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £33.00 + p. & p. + VAT
P12 Ethanamide: from carbamide and ethanoic acid
demonstrating air cooled
reflux, distillation and recrystallisation
P13 Ethanoic acid: from ethanol and sodium dichromate (VI)
demonstrating
reflux and distillation
P14 Ethanoic anhydride: from ethanoyl chloride and sodium
ethanoate
demonstrating distillation
P15 N-Ethanoylphenylamine: phenylamine and sodium
ethanoate
demonstrating melting point determination
P16 N-Ethanoyl-4-bromophenylamine: from
N-Ethanoylphenylamine and liquid
bromine demonstrating recrystallisation and melting point
determination
P17 Ethene: from ethanol and phosphoric acid
P18 Ethyl benzenecarboxylate: from benzoic acid and
ethanol demonstrating
reflux, liquid/liquid extraction and distillation
P19 Ethyl ethanoate: from ethanol and ethanoic acid
demonstrating
distillation and liquid/liquid extraction
P20 Iodobenzene: from phenylamine and potassium iodide
demonstrating
steam distillation, liquid/liquid extraction and
distillation
56 minutes. 1996 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £33.00 + p. & p. + VAT
P21 Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate: from methyl benzoate and
concentrated sulphuric
and nitric acids demonstrating reflux and melting point
determination
P22 (i) 4-Methyldiphenylmethanone: from methylbenzene,
benzene carbonyl
chloride and aluminium trichloride demonstrating a
Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction,
liquid/liquid extraction, distillation and recrystallisation
(ii) 4-Methyldiphenylmethanone oxime: from
4-Methyldiphenylmethanone and
hydroxylamine hydrochloride demonstrating reflux,
recrystallisation and melting
point determination
P23 Nitrobenzene: from benzene and concentrated sulphuric
and nitric acids
demonstrating liquid/liquid extraction and distillation
P24 1,3-dinitrobenzene: from nitrobenzene, concentrated
sulphuric acid and
fuming nitric acid demonstrating recrystallisation and melting
point determination
P25 2,4 Dinitromethylbenzene: from 4-nitromethylbenzene,
concentrated
sulphuric acid and fuming nitric acid demonstrating reflux,
recrystallisation and
melting point determination
P26 Phenyl benzenecarboxylate: from phenol and
benzenecarbonyl chloride
demonstrating recrystallisation and melting point
determination
52 minutes. 1996 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £33.00 + p. & p. + VAT
P27 Phenylamine: from nitrobenzene, tin and concentrated
hydrochloric acid
demonstrating reflux, steam distillation, liquid/liquid
extraction and distillation
P28 Phenol: from Phenylamine, concentrated sulphuric acid
and sodium
nitrate demonstrating distillation (using water and air cooled
condensers, steam
distillation and liquid/liquid extraction
P29 Phenolphthalein: from phenol and
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
P30 Phenylethene: from phenylethene, ethane-1,2-diol and
liquid bromine
demonstrating distillation
P31 Polymers:
(a) addition polymer - poly(phenylethene) (polystyrene): from
phenylethene and
dibenzoyl peroxide
(b) thermosetting plastic - carbamide/methanal
(urea/formaldehyde): from methanal
and urea
(c) condensation polymer - Nylon 6.10.: hexamethylenediamine
and decanedioyl
dichloride
P32 Succinanilic acid: from butanedioic anhydride and
phenylamine
demonstrating reflux, recrystallisation and melting point
determination
P33 Triiodomethane: from propanone, potassium iodide and
sodium chlorate
demonstrating the haloform reaction, hot recrystallisation and
melting point
determination
46 minutes. 1996 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £33.00 + p. & p. + VAT
Part A
Brief discussion on pH curves outlining contents of programme followed by short introduction to pH meters and buffer solutions.
A End points and selection of indicators: titration of ethanoic acid against sodium hydroxide using phenol red as indicator; pH and pKa; titration of phosphoric acid against sodium hydroxide; titration of sodium carbonate against hydrochloric acid; and acid content of wine using pH meter
B Salt hydrolysis - non pH7 end points: discussion of water dissociation equilibrium; basic and acid salt solutions (sodium ethanoate and ammonium chloride); and pH of various aqueous salts
C Buffer solutions - pH stability: alkali is added to distilled water containing universal indicator solution the procedure is repeated with the addition of a buffer solution
D pKa of weak acid by titration: discussion on the relationship pH = pKa + log10[In-] / [HIn]; and titration of weak acid and base using computer
Part B
Actual experimental titration data videoed as volume of titrant added and pH meter reading: ethanoic acid against sodium hydroxide; phosphoric acid against sodium hydroxide; sodium hydrogen carbonate against hydrochloric acid; borax as a primary standard for standardisation of hydro- chloric acid; and borax as a primary standard for standardisation of sodium hydroxide
Part C
Connection of a pH meter to a BBC computer using the recorder output from the meter and the A/D converter socket on the com- puter
48 minutes. 1988 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + p. & p. + VAT
A demonstration of how to measure the rate of photosynthesis in a disc of leaf and a suspension of chloroplasts using an oxygen electrode. Two types of electrode are shown and oxygen output is measured using coloured lights of a known wavelength. Primary audience university life sciences students, but also suitable for sixth-formers.
8 minutes. 1986 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £20.00 + p. & p. + VAT
'Son et Lumiere' lecture with Dr Frank Palmer, Nottingham
University
(i) mechanical explosions: water in sealed glass tubes and
Krakatoa
(ii) chemical explosions: yellow phosphorous and potassium
chlorate;
deflagration of gun (black) powder; pistol and gun powder;
discussion on various
types of explosives; reaction of methane and butane with air
in bottles; and a 'barn
door', a tallow candle and a smooth bore musket
(iii) discussion on incandescence
(iv) photo - and chemi - luminescence: autocatalytic
reaction of phosphorous
in oxygen (chemi - luminescence); rhodamine solution and white
light; effect of UV
light on washing powder, quinine sulphate, eosin, fluorescein,
rhodamine and
sulpharhodamine (photoluminescence /fluorescence); effect of
UV light on fluorspar
and optical brighteners; the effect of cooling fluorescein in
liquid nitrogen is
observed; fluorescent light; luminol (chemiluminescence);
orange and violet dyes
and a catalyst are used to give orange and violet
chemiluminescence; gas phase
reaction of carbon disulphide and nitric oxide; and a Berry
pistol, aluminium powder
and black powder.
56 minutes. 1993 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £30.00 + p. & p. + VAT
This video is in to parts. The main section illustrates a series of organic chemistry reactions by class: acid chlorides, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, diazonium compounds, esters, halogenoalkanes, ketones, phenols. The second section makes comparisons between aldehydes and ketones, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and ethanol and phenol. The accompanying notes: have a transcription of the commentary; a guide to observations which should be made when viewing; relevant chemistry theory; and practical information about performing the reactions. The video comes with teacher notes. Extra sets of teacher notes are available at £7.50 if required. Please specify when ordering tapes
72 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £37.50 + VAT + p&p
The video tape and notes cover twelve practical organic techniques including distillation, recrystallisation and calculation of percentage yield. The tape is designed to accompany Organic Chemistry Preparations, but can stand alone. Notes accompany this video tape. Extra sets of notes are available at £7.50 if required. Please specify when ordering tapes
45 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT + p&p
The programme looks at the Dolgellau gold belt in Wales, discusses the geological conditions which have produced gold deposits, examines different methods of extraction and looks at some commercial operators.
32 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £30.00 + VAT + p&p
The principles of a gel chromatography are illustrated and the process demonstrated in this video.
19 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £25.00 + VAT + p&p
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