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The subject is introduced by looking at the role of the platinum gauze as used in the Davy Safety lamp with a practical demonstration. The programme then considers the following: the 'Balushov' Oscillating reaction where malonic acid is oxidised by bromate ions in the presence of cerium (IV) ions acting as catalyst; surface area effects and discussion of industrial catalysts including catalyst support and micrographs of fresh and used silver catalyst on alumina support; ammonia production at ICI Billingham; oil manufacture from coal and natural gas; and finally an examination of an automotive three way catalytic converter.
35 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This video covers 12 common industrial chemical processes in a common house style. Each section begins with a brief overview of the uses of the product, an overview of the process using animated diagrams, the UK location of the plant, and finally an animated view of the production site showing the plant layout.
The rest of the section concerns the delivery of raw materials, the production processes and transport from the chemical plant. Each stage of the production process is explained by the use of clearly labelled animated diagrams linked to the real images shown.
The clips are designed not to teach from scratch but to be shown to students after they have been taught the principles and theory of the processes concerned.
A teachers' guide is included.
Total time: 73 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This programme shows the extraction of aluminium metal from alumina at Anglesey Aluminium's plant in Wales.
The process shows the electrolysis of alumina in molten cryolite using the Hall-Heroult process. The programme covers the process from arrival of alumina by sea, production of carbon anodes, electrolysis in molten cryolite to give aluminium, vacuum extraction of molten aluminium, replacement of carbon anodes, and casting of aluminum into billets.
Time: 6.30 minutes
This programme shows the manufacture of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen by the Haber process at ICI Chemicals and Polymers' No. 4 ammonia plant at Billingham, Teeside.
The process shown starts with the arrival of methane gas from the North Sea by gas pipeline, methane is then converted to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the primary reformer, carbon monoxide is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the secondary converter, carbon dioxide formed is then removed in the carbon dioxide scrubber, the resultant hydrogen is then mixed with nitrogen to form ammonia over an iron catalyst in the ammonia converter.
The removal, storage and transport of liquid ammonia is shown finally.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Chemicals from Salt shows the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution in flowing mercury cathode cells to produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, and electrolysis of aqueous potassium chloride solution in membrane cells to produce potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen. Both processes take place at ICI Chemicals and Polymers, Runcorn, Cheshire. The brine wells and reservoirs at Lostock Gralam, near Northwich Cheshire are also shown.
Time: 8 minutes
Copper refining shows the smelting and electrolytic purification of copper from scrap at IMI Refiners, Walsall, West Midlands.
The process begins with the addition of scrap copper to a furnace where it is purified to 80%. The copper undergoes two more furnace refinings, the last being the anode furnace where the copper is cast into the shape of the anode to be used in electrolytic purification. The electrolysis cell room is shown where the copper is purified to greater than 99.99%. The steel cathodes around which the pure copper is deposited are shown having the copper removed. The anode slime which contains precious metals is shown being removed along with the nickel rich electrolytic solution. The pure copper is then melted and cast continually into billets.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Gases from the air shows the separation of air into nitrogen, oxygen and argon by fractional distillation of liquid air at the BOC Gases plat at Thane, Oxfordshire.
The programme follows the process from the initial purification of air by filtration, through compression, chilling, carbon dioxide and water removal to final compression and cooling to produce liquid air. The final process of turning liquid air into nitrogen, oxygen and argon in the fractionating tower is explained by the use of animated diagrams and live footage. The section ends with a look at the process control centre, and compressed cylinder and liquified gas transport.
Time: 5 minutes
Iron and Steel shows iron making in the blast furnace and steel making by the basic oxygen process at British Steel Scunthorpe.
The section begins with a look at the raw materials used in making iron: iron ore, lime stone and coal. The process begins with the conversion of coal into coke in the coking ovens; the mixing of iron ore, lime stone and coke in the ore beds; and finally sintering of the mix for addition to the furnace. The section on the blast furnace looks at addition of the sintered ore mix; tapping of iron and discharge into torpedo ladles; slag removal; and the brittle nature of cast iron.
The second part of this section looks at the basic oxygen conversion of raw iron into steel. The furnace is shown being charged with scrap iron and molten iron from the blast furnace. An animated diagram explains the process whereby carbon and other impurities are removed and low carbon steel is produced.
Time: 7 minutes
This section shows the manufacture of nitric acid by the Oswald processed the ICI Chemicals and Polymers no. 4 nitric acid plant at Billingham Teeside.
The section begins the ammonia evaporation and air compression and filtration stages of the process. It then goes on to cover the following stages: the burning of ammonia to give nitric oxide and water; the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide using the rhodium/platinum catalyst; removal of new rhodium/platinum gauze from the safe; the absorption tower where nitric acid is produced; nitric acid before and after bleaching/NOx removal.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Nylon covers the manufacture of nylon form cyclohexane and hexanedinitrile (adiponitrile) and its extrusion in the form of chips at the DuPont plant at Wilton, Teeside.
The process shown begins with the arrival at sea of cyclohexane; the addition of air and nitric acid to cyclohexane to give adipic acid; hydrogenation of adiponitrile to give hexamethylenediammine; the formation of nylon salt from hexamethylene-diamine and adipic acid; and finally the removal of water to give nylon.
Time: 6 minutes
Oil Refining shows the fractional distillation of crude oil and subsequent cracking, platforming (conversion of straight chain carbon molecules to branched ones), and desulphurisation of the resulting heavy fractions at Shell's manufacturing complex at Stanlow, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral, Cheshire.
Time: 6 minutes
This section shows the high pressure polymerisation of ethene to form low density polythene (polyethene) at BP's plant at Wilton, Teeside.
The process shown begins with piped ethene derived from cracked naphtha; the compression of ethene to 1,500 atm.; the addition of initiator to gas stream prior to reaction; explanation of the reaction using animated diagrams and views of the actual reaction vessel; separation of unreacted ethene and polythene; addition of antioxidants; cooling and drying of polythene pellets; and finally a film of polythene is blown to assess its quality.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Sodium shows the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride in Downs cells to produce sodium and chlorine at the Associated Octel Company Limited at St. Helens, Merseyside.
The section begins with the drying of sodium chloride to less than 0.05% moisture. The electrolysis of sodium chloride is then covered in some detail: the Downs cells are charged with sodium chloride; the cell structure is explained with animated diagrams and views of the steel cathode, the graphite anode, the steel mesh diaphragm and the construction of a new cell with refractory bricks; calcium is removed from the siphoned liquid sodium metal; the section ends with a look at molten sodium storage and the casting and packing of sodium ingots.
Time: 6 minutes
This section shows the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact process at Hays Chemicals' double absorption plant at St Helens, Merseyside.
The process begins with shots of the arrival of the raw material: liquid sulphur. It then proceeds to describe the following stages in sulphuric acid manufacture: the burning of sulphur in dried, compressed air to form sulphur dioxide with subsequent heat removal; the conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide over vanadium pentoxide catalyst; the absorption of sulphur trioxide in 96% sulphuric acid; sampling of 98% sulphuric acid; and finally process control and electricity generation from excess heat produced during the process.
Time: 6 minutes
Discussion on oxidation including: footage of the NASA space shuttle; hydrogen/oxygen tin explosion; reaction of aluminium powder and ammonium perchlorate as used in NASA's space shuttle's solid rocket boosters; 'Blue Bottle' experiment where methylene blue and glucose are reacted with air; demonstration of the police 'breathalyser' where ethanol reacts with dichromate; 'Blue Bottle' experiment revisited with argon, and cyanoferrate and argon; and gunpowder - loose and courtesy of the American Civil War Society.
The programme concludes with a discussion of an industrial oxidation processes: the manufacture of chlorine from brine. Aspects considered include the membrane electrolysis cell and a test rig electrolysis cell.
35 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
A look at ICI's Winsford salt mining operation introduces this programme on salt and its products. The programme then considers the following: the crystalline structure of rock salt is examined leading on to look at the two types of close packing - hexagonal and cubic (face centred); and a discussion of the sodium chloride unit cell structure, followed by the Born Haber formation cycle, melting, aqueous solvation and electrolysis.
The programme continues with a look at the industrial electrolysis of brine at ICI's Runcorn plant where the two methods employed are examined: (i) mercury cell where an open mercury cell and sodium amalgam decomposition chamber are seen; and (ii) membrane cell with views of the various membrane cells, and a detailed description of how a single membrane cell operates.The programme ends with a laboratory comparison of the reactivity towards water of sodium metal and sodium amalgam.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This new video from Liverpool University consists of a recording of the well-known lecture on the production of Sound, light and heat in oxidation reactions. The entertaining and exciting style of presentation helps to reinforce the many chemical principles that are covered. After a thorough coverage of combustion, extending to chain reactions and explosions, the properties of oxidants are considered. The range covers some very rapid oxidations with liquid oxygen, and slightly more controlled oxidation with a solid oxidising reagents. The multiplicity of oxidation states is demonstrated with vanadium, and chemiluminescence with luminol.
65 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost £35.00 + VAT
This video tape features Dave Nicholls' now famous lecture recorded live. It is great fun, really entertaining and deals with a lot of chemistry in an enjoyable way. The programme covers the preparation and use of liquid oxygen and nitrogen, and includes the burning of a range materials, from bread rolls to titanium metal, in liquid oxygen.
55 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35 + VAT
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