Joseph Louis Proust published his law of definite proportions stating that when compounds are analysed into their constituent parts they always contain the same proportions of their elements by weight. What we now know as stoichiometry led Dalton to propose his atomic theory in 1803.



Further info:

Proust's Law

http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AtomicStructure/LawofDefiniteProportion.html

Stoichiometry

http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/basic/stoic/

1803 - Dalton - Atomic Theory