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The following cycles are introduced in this video: oxygen/carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water, along with how they may be disrupted by toxic chemicals.
The video looks at: environmentally harmful and useful chemicals; chemical composition of air; oxygen carbon dioxide cycle covering briefly photosynthesis, respiration, combustion and corrosion of metals; the nitrogen cycle with nitrogen fixation, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, and chemical fertilizers; accumulation of toxic chemicals in plants and animals e.g. strontium 90, DDT, and PCBs; and the water cycle.
19 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29 + VAT
This video looks at the problems of human sewage waste (both domestic and industrial) and the chemical and biological methods involved in proper treatment.
Two case studies are reviewed, the first is a marine based system where sewage was disposed directly into the sea with minimum treatment. This case introduces the student to pathogens, biological oxygen demands (BOD) and aerobic bacterial treatment. The second study involves a land based system and looks at the biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients. Concepts looked at include eutrophication, luxury uptake and the catalytic function of bacteria.
The final part looks at health, safety operating issues relating sewage plants.
32 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
Producer: Video Education Australasia.
This video use 3-D computer graphics and animation to explain the chemical and electrolytic processes involved in producing aluminium metal. (Knowledge of ionic bonds and lattice network structures is assumed). The programme is divided into six parts.
(i) introduction: this explains the varied uses of aluminium and its alloys, and also looks at the various aluminium bearing ores
(ii) from bauxite to alumina: shows the various stages of refining bauxite into alumina
(iii) from alumina to aluminium: explains the processes, raw materials and energy needed to produce aluminium ingot
(iv) electrolysis: explains operation of aluminium smelting pots, outlines the Hall- Heroult smelting process and looks at the energy equations of power used in smelting as well as the chemical reactions taking place under electrolysis.
(v) from electrolysis to ingot: shows vacuum crucibles loading molten aluminium from pots and delivery to ingot mill. Looks at purity analysis, economics of production, and health and safety issues.
(vi) aluminium and the environment: this section looks at the discharges from a smelting operation, and the environmental monitoring procedures and licensing. Discusses dangers of fluoride emissions and ways of reducing fluoride consumption and wastage.
30 minutes.
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
This video is accompanied by a teacher's guide, which provides suggested pre- and post- viewing activities, and more technical information
This video is in two parts the first looks at the states of matter and the second the concept of the Mole
Part 1: States of Matter
This part looks at the following topics: the kinetic theory of gases with explanation at the molecular level; freedom of motion of particles is explained; energy and changes of state; how gas pressure is affected by changes in amount, volume and temperature; transportation of natural gas and commercial uses of liquid nitrogen in refrigeration and cryogenics; and a demonstration of the changes of state of bromine from a gas to a solid.
Part 2: The Mole
This considers the following; Avogadro's Hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles; atomic masses of different elements are relative masses; the use of the Mole and Avogadro's number; the periodic table and relative molar masses; the Mole concept and chemical reactions; and the importance of the Mole concept in the production of an epoxy resin.
The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide.
30 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This video is divided into three parts: the structure of the atom; the arrangement and significance of the periodic table; and the nature of chemical bonds and the differences between covalent and ionic bonds.
Part One: The atom
This part includes: development of atomic models used to explain and predict behaviour of matter; interactions of electrically charged objects; description of Rutherford's gold foil experiment used to show that atoms contain a nucleus and Crooke's tube experiment; a look at the modern model of the atomic structure explaining the relative positions, masses and charges of protons, neutrons and electrons, and how electrons are represented as electron clouds; emission spectroscopy and elemental identification; and the scanning tunnelling microscope which is used to reveal contour images of the electron clouds of atoms.
Part Two: The Periodic Table
Topics considered in this section include: description of the periodic table with identification of groups and periods; group properties and their variance; size of atoms and their variance within the periodic table; periodicity of the alkali metals with their reaction with water; a look at glass making as an example of how the periodic table can be useful in industrial applications; Mendeleev's early periodic table and Glenn Seaborg's revision of the table into its present day form; and how the periodic table can be used to predict electron configuration (valency) of an element.
Part 3: Chemical Bonds
This part of the video explains the basic rules of bond formation; the formation of ionic and covalent bonds; demonstrates ionic bonding using sodium chloride as an example; covalent bonding using formation of the dihydrogen as example; looks at what happens when water changes state and considers the effect this has on water's covalent bonds and the weak intermolecular forces between water molecules; and looks at the large amount of energy involved in the breaking and making of covalent nitrogen bonds using ammonia production, nitrogen fixation, lightning and explosives as examples.
This video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide for each of the three parts.
45 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £49.00 + VAT
This video is in two parts, the first considers the versatility of carbon's molecular structures and the vast range of properties of its compounds, the second how the properties of polymers are made by controlling their molecular structure.
Part 1: Organic Chemistry
This section considers the following: how carbon forms a large number of molecules, introduces covalent bonding; graphic models of the basic hydrocarbon molecules, methane, ethane, ethene (ethylene), ethyne (acetylene); the bromine test for presence of double bonds; structural isomers e.g. butane and isobutane; chemical properties and their relation to structure and functional groups within the molecule; classification of organic compounds according to functional groups e.g. carboxylic acids, alcohols and esters; organic synthesis of natural compounds; and the commercial production of artificial fragrances, flavourings and Aspirin.
Part 2: The Age of Polymers
The final section studies the following: the variety of uses of polymers and how they are produced from crude oil and natural gas; how the chemical and physical properties of polymers are related to their molecular structure; demonstration of the synthesis of Nylon; fractional distillation of crude oil, and catalytic cracking; formation of polymers from ethene (ethylene) showing free radical chain reactions; compares high density and low density polyethylene (polyethene); polymerisation of styrene monomer to form polystyrene; and the recycling problems associated with synthetic polymers.
The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide.
30 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This two part video looks at the evolution of the atmosphere and its global cycles, the second looks at how minerals and ores were formed.
Part 1: The Atmosphere
This part considers the following topics: the earth's probable original atmosphere and how it evolved to its present composition; present composition of the atmosphere in percentage terms; methods used to detect past and present changes in the atmosphere as well as future projections; outline of the water and carbon cycles; greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer; and finally commercial use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and ozone depletion.
Part 2: The Chemistry of the Earth
The second part considers: distribution of minerals and ores, and how location is a result of how the earth was formed; formation of ore deposits by crystallization of magma, precipitation from superheated steam, and sedimentation; structure of silicates and properties of various silicon containing materials; and how acid rain reacts with limestone and marble.
The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide.
30 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This video is in three parts and looks at: acids and bases, proton transfer, the pH scale and acid rain; oxidation and reduction, the working of electrochemical cells and the process of electrolysis; the properties of metals, the nature of their metallic bonds and extraction of metals from their ores.
Part 1: Acids and Bases
This part of the video: provides a summary of properties of acids and bases; explains proton transfer with demonstrations and graphics; shows how antacids combat stomach acidity; demonstrates the role of water in proton transfer; demonstrates how an acid's strength is dependent on the transfer of protons to water to form hydronium ions; explains pH (hydronium ion concentration) and the pH scale; and shows how human activity has decreased the pH of rain in many regions (acid rain).
Part 2: Oxidation and Reduction
This section of the video: explains how oxidation and reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons, and shows how this process can cause corrosion and make batteries; explains how chemical reactions can produce energy with demonstration of a copper/zinc electrochemical cell; explains why and how lithium is used to make batteries; explains the workings of the lead storage batteries; show how electrical energy is used to produce chemical reactions e.g. electrolysis of water; and shows how industry uses electrolysis to extract aluminium from bauxite.
Part 3: Metals
This final part of the video: describes the characteristics and uses of metals; explains the properties of metals in terms of the metallic bonds; explains the metallic bond as an arrangement of metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons; demonstrates metal extraction from ore using oxidation/reduction reactions; shows how aluminium is extracted from bauxite by electrolytic reduction; shows how useful alloys can be made by combining different metals, and explains the production and properties of steel and stainless steel; and looks at the recent development and possible uses of metal superconductors.
The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide.
45 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £49.00 + VAT
The video, in three parts looks at: the forces that drive chemical reactions, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and entropy; different reaction rates, how reaction rates are altered, and collision theory; the use and economic value of catalysts, how catalysts work, and how enzymes act as catalysts.
Part 1: The Driving Forces
This part of the video: explains that chemical reactions have a natural or spontaneous direction in which they occur; shows that the tendency to reach a lower energy state drives many reactions; demonstrates exothermic reactions using potassium and glycerine; demonstrates endothermic reactions using barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate; shows that the tendency to increased disorder - entropy - also drives many reactions; and shows how industry makes use of the natural direction of the flow of energy in the design of its plants.
Part 2: Chemical Kinetics
The middle part of the video: shows that different reactions take place at different rates; demonstrates the effect of different temperatures and concentrations on reaction rates; demonstrates how catalysts speed up reactions and yet remain unchanged; explains how molecular motion helps understand reaction rates; introduces collision theory and the concept of activation energy using the formation of hydrogen bromide from hydrogen and bromine as an illustration; and finally how the concepts of reaction kinetics are used in food technology.
Part 3: Catalysts
The final part of the video: explains the economic value of catalysts; show the use of rhodium as an example of a re-usable catalyst; explains how catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction; demonstrates how molecules react at the surface of a solid catalyst; how molecular models can help understand the action of catalysts; explains how enzymes are also catalysts using the potato enzyme catalysed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as an example; and finally how enzymes function as catalysts for specific molecules of particular size and shape.
The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide.
45 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £49.00 + VAT
Producer: Video Education Australasia.
A series of two videos on modern techniques of chemical analysis.
This video introduces the chemical concepts of the three main instrumental techniques used in modern analytical chemistry.
(i) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS): its role and use, especially element identification in minerals; comparison of emission and absorption spectrometry including design features found in an AA spectrophotometer, and a test demonstration; and applications of AAS, especially environmental ones.
(ii) Chromatography: an introduction to chromatographic techniques and their uses.
(iii) High performance liquid chromatography: this introduces the main design features of an HPLC chromatograph along with column separation, retention times and how the output from the chromatograph is followed.
(iv) Gas chromatography: this section examines GC, looking at the gaseous mobile phase, sample vaporisation, main design features of a gas chromatograph and sample testing.
The video ends with a comparison of HPLC and GC.
24 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This video is accompanied by a teacher's guide.
The second video introduces the techniques of calorimetry and mass spectrometry.
(i) Calorimetry: this section outlines the basic principles and then examines the automatic isothermal (bomb) calorimeter used to determine the calorific value of combustible material. Computer animation is used to demonstrate the main features, calibration and operation.
(ii) Mass spectrometry: the principles common to all mass spectrometry operations are outlined in this section. Two types of mass spectrometer are examined, magnetic deflection and ion trap, where computer animation is used to explain the main features, operation and calibration of both instruments. Finally the video ends with a combination of MS and GC to identify definitively substances such as carcinogens in toxic soil samples.
33 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
This video is accompanied by a teacher's guide.
Aimed at students aged 15-plus, this hour-long video focuses on the issues and applications of chemistry in modern life. It consists of 13 segments that each deal with a different chemical topic:
A science called chemistry - the role of chemistry in modern life is explored;
Imaging the atom - the scanning tunnelling microscope is used to display images of atoms;
Messy chemistry - scientists use the concept of reaction rates to prevent it food spoilage;
Imitating nature - ultraviolet spectroscopy is demonstrated in the testing of suntan lotions;
Surface action - the concept of surface tension is explored using detergent;
Fingerprinting drugs - infra-red spectroscopy is used to investigate molecular structure;
The periodic table - industrial designers use the periodic table to develop a stronger glass;
Aluminium - the recycling and recovery processes for aluminium is explored;
Chemistry in your stomach - acid/base reactions are explained using commercial antacids;
Catalysts of life - the action of catalysts in industrial processes is compared with that of enzymes in living organisms;
A molecular disease - the molecular origins of sickle cell anaemia are explored;
Debating toxic waste - the problem of toxic waste is discussed by citizens and scientists;
The ozone layer - and NASA scientist discovers the protective function of the ozone layer and the threats to it.
The 13 segments outlined above (each between three and seven minutes long) are intended to provide a starting point for further exploration of the topic in question. The video is accompanied by a teacher's guide that provides information and ideas about using the video and suggested further activities.
60 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost £49.00 plus Vat
MMW is a self paced interactive CD-ROM that presents a selection of questions about the shape of organic molecules. Interactive animations help students explore the three dimensional nature of these molecules and gain a clear understanding of structural, geometric, stereo and conformational isomers.
MMW presents students with six sets of questions for each of the following groups of organic molecules: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes and benzenes.
It provides a 176 interactive 3 D animations on structural, geometric, stereo and conformational isomers. The animations show the Kekule structure of a particular compound which, by clicking on the mouse, undergoes a translation into 3D ball and stick image that can be rotated through 360 degrees.
Real-time assessment and feedback helps students to immediately identify their areas of weakness. On-line help and glossary functions also support students who wish to use MMW for self-paced study.
System Requirements:
8Mb RAM and 10Mb free hard disk space, 2X speed CD-ROM drive, IBM PC: 386/33 MHz or 486/66 MHz; Windows 3.1/95; VGA card 256 colours; 640 x 480 resolution; and sound card.
Macintosh: 68040 and 16Mb of RAM; 14" monitor with 256 colours; and system 7 or later.
Cost: £39.00 plus VAT
Cost (Instructor's version): £59.00
Site licences available POA
ChARMS is an interactive multimedia CD-ROM containing 271 animated reaction mechanisms and 24 interactive electronic lectures designed for teaching organic chemistry. It can be used in lectures, tutorials and pre-laboratory sessions or for self-paced study by students.
The 271 animated reaction mechanisms (interactive and in full screen colour) are in three groups: aromatics - electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with o, p-directing and m-directing groups; Sn, E and alkenes - nucleophilic substitution of reactions (1 and 2), elimination reactions (1 and 2) and alkene addition reactions; Carbonyl - C=O substitution, C=C addition, enamines and acetals (anomers, formation and hydrolysis).
The 24 electronic lectures provide more than 800 screens of text, graphics and animations and cover topics such as: bonds and structures; alkanes and stereoisomers; cycloalkanes; alkenes; aromatics; alkynes; functional groups; NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; organic reactions; SN1; SN2; elimination reactions; electrophilic addition; aromatic substitution; C=O nucleophilic substitution and addition; oxidation and reduction; and (free) radical reactions.
System Requirements:
8Mb RAM and 10Mb free hard disk space
2X speed CD-ROM drive, IBM PC: 386/33 MHz or 486/66 MHz; Windows 3.1/95; VGA card 256 colours; 640 x 480 resolution; and sound card.
Macintosh: 68040 and 16Mb of RAM; 14" monitor with 256 colours; and system 7 or later.
Cost: £39.00 plus VAT
Site licences available POA
Suitable for A-level students, this new (1997) series of four videos provides a comprehensive examination of chemical bonding using computer generated graphic models and examples from everyday life to explain and illustrate the principles.
This video provides the foundation for the series. It looks at the atomic, lattice and crystalline levels of structure in metals, and their effects on metallic bonds and properties.
It examines: atomic structure (especially electron shells and subshells); formation of metallic bonds: why metals have different melting points; cooling of molten metal to form crystals; effect of rate of cooling on each metals properties; lattice patterns dependent on ion size and charge; and alloying.
22 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost of £35.00 plus Vat
This video explains the formation of sodium cations, chloride anions, ionic bonds and different troops and arms for which gives a lattice structures.
It examines: formation of sodium cations and chloride anions (in terms of electron shells and subshells); ionic bonding; the lattice formation (explained in terms of electrostatic forces); models of different lattice structures; molecular ions; properties of solid and liquid ionic compounds such as brittleness, melting point and electrical conductivity.
17 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost £29.00 plus Vat
This video looks set covalent/intramolecular bonds and the molecular shapes they produce.
It examines: formation and shape of water molecules (with covalent bonds); shapes of water molecule (showing bonding and non-bonding electron pairs); further molecular shapes (shown using methane, ammonia, and ammonium molecules); double covalent bonds (oxygen) and a triple bonds (nitrogen); shapes of more complex molecules (eg glucose and diamond, formation of covalent network lattices).
16 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 plus Vat
This video looks at intermolecular bonding (dipole-dipole and dispersion forces) and how this determines the state of matter and properties of molecular substances.
It explains: dipole-dipole bonding for polar molecules (eg water, and why it expands when forming ice), electronegativity, solubility of polar molecules (eg glucose, sucrose HCl and ammonia); dispersion forces bonding in non-polar molecules (eg hydrogen, carbon dioxide and formation of a dry ice), and hydrocarbons.
18 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 plus Vat
Suitable for A-level students, and this new (1999) CD-ROM explains how chemicals bond. It deals comprehensively with the topics of atomic structure, ionic compounds, metallic compounds, molecular compounds and covalent substances.
The CD-ROM consists of seven discrete modules:
1: Introduction-introduces the study of chemical bonding and how to use the CD-ROM.
2: Atomic Theory-reviews the structure of the atom including electron shells and subshells to explain why atoms bond in terms of the filling of outer electron shells.
3: Ionic Compounds-includes a model of the structure of ionic compounds, and deals with electron transfer reactions, forming an ionic lattice, differences between ionic compounds, properties of ionic compounds and writing formulae.
4: Metallic Substances-includes a model of structure of metallic substances, and explanation of properties in terms of this model. Deals with joining metal atoms, properties of metals, differences between metals, mixing metals together, altering metals.
5: Molecular Compounds-deals with forming molecules, shapes of molecules, electronegativity and polarity of molecules, intermolecular bonding and properties of molecular compounds. Includes interactive exercises for predicting molecular properties.
6: Covalent Substances-includes a model of the structure of covalent network substances, such as diamonds, and explanation of properties in terms of this model. Introduces allotropic (contrasting properties and structures of graphite and diamonds) and Buckyballs.
7: Revision-this section may be used for assessment of students understanding.
The CD-ROM has the following additional benefits and features: glossary and periodic table; tests for modules 2-7; a regularly updated Internet site; the ability for the teacher to update material themselves; and printable screens.
Hardware requirements
PC: 486DX2/66Mhz; Windows95/98; 8Mb RAM; X2 CD-ROM drive; 640 x 480 SVGA (256 colours)
Mac: No version
Cost: £45.00 + VAT (additional copies £22.50)
Site licences are available at £15.00 + VAT for each additional computer.
This new (1998) CD-ROM is aimed at students aged 13 plus (suitable for GCSE teaching). It is designed to help students understand the particulate basis of chemical reactions, their symbolic representation as chemical equations and to apply this understanding when balancing equations and solving simple problems based on equations. The package consists of three discrete modules dealing with molecular and ionic equations, and the interpretation of equations. It is designed for use in lecture, tutorial or self instruction.
The CD-ROM contains three distinct modules:
Module 1: Molecular Equations-examines eight chemical reactions (including hydrogen and chlorine, hydrogen peroxide decomposition, lead (II) iodide precipitation), using video demonstrations, animated simulations, balanced chemical equations and formulae, practice sets of 20 additional reactions.
Module 2: Ionic Equations-uses the above techniques to examine eight ionic reactions (including zinc and hydrogen chloride, copper and silver nitrate solution, iron (III) hydroxide precipitation).
Module 3: Interpreting Equations-provides interactive practice for students in constructing molecular representations, calculating numbers of molecules to balance simple equations, and constructing before and after reaction diagrams including the limiting the reagent concept.
A detailed 16 page instruction booklet is provided.
Hardware requirements
PC: 486/66MHz, 12Mb ram, X2 CD-ROM drive, Windows 95, VGA card with 256 colours, 640 x 480 resolution, sound card.
Mac: 68040, 14" monitor (256 colours); System 7 or later.
Cost: £45.00 + VAT additional copies can be purchased for £22.50
Suitable for A-level students, this new (1998) video provides an introduction to the molecular structure, reaction mechanisms, physical properties and manufacture of addition polymers. It uses computer animation throughout to clearly explain the molecular structures and processes.
Assuming basic knowledge of molecular structure and covalent bonding, the video explains: monomers and polymers, and the process of addition polymerisation (using polythene from ethene), showing how the double bonds in monomers must break to form polymers; the different properties of ethene polymers (including polythene); formation of thermoplastics; different examples of addition polymerisation (including polypropylene vinyl chloride (PVC); poly vinyl acetate (PVA) and polystyrene), using molecular models to explain their structures and properties; and shows practical examples of each type in everyday use; the vulcanisation of rubber as an example of a thermosetting polymer, and its practical uses; how the rigidity of these polymers can be increased by increasing the number of cross links; how some polymers (glues, and resins etc) can be formed by mixing the polymer with a catalyst (hardener); and how polymers can be deliberately modified to change their properties (eg by adding plasticisers).
21 minutes. 1998. PAL VHS tape
Cost £35.00 VAT
Suitable for any of students, this new (1998) video provides an introduction to the molecular structure, reaction mechanisms, physical properties and manufacture of condensation polymers. It uses computer animation throughout clearly explain the molecular structures and processes.
Assuming a basic knowledge of molecular structure and covalent bonding, the video: introduces monomers, polymers and a addition polymerisation; introduces condensation polymerisation, using the formation of nylon as an example, and shows how the monomers of functional groups react together to form a link; explains the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation, using molecular models; explains how bonding between the polymers chains determines the properties the plastic (shows how the dipole-dipole interactions of nylon allow it to have a high melting point); compares nylon 6,10, nylon 6,6 and Kevlar (explaining how they have different properties and uses); explains the formation of polyester (Terylene), and its properties and uses (including PET); looks at condensation polymers which are thermosetting, examines their stable covalent network lattice structure, and looks at examples (eg urea formaldehyde and melamine) and their uses.
20 minutes. PAL VHS tape 1998
Cost £35 plus VAT
This comprehensive video introduces oxidation and reduction, predicting oxidation and reduction reactions and developing reduction half-reaction tables. The video is divided into three separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Introduction To Oxidation And Reduction-this programme introduces and defines the terms oxidation, reduction, oxidising agent and reducing agent; provides examples of half reactions and typical applications that reinforce the terms; provides an historical perspective of oxidation and reduction using examples of various reactions.
Predicting Oxidation Reduction Reactions-this programme: demonstrates experiments that illustrate the term spontaneous and non-spontaneous and that indicate the strength of oxidising and reducing agents; develops a reduction half-reaction table from the experiments and introduces the spontaneity rule: conducts experiments to test the spontaneity rule and show the results on an appropriate data table; examines typical applications of spontaneous redox reactions..
Extending The Reduction Half Reaction Table-this programme: demonstrates experiments to identify the chemical responsible for causing metal to tarnish; compares relative strengths of non-metallic oxidising agents; develops a reduction half-reaction table and combines this with the table developed in the previous programme; introduces the reduction half-reaction tabled used to predict spontaneity .
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video explains writing and balancing oxidation-reduction equations, quantitative analysis using redox titrations, and oxidation-reduction titration and stoichiometry. The video is divided into three separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Writing And Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations-demonstrates how to make a printed circuit board; explains the five step method for writing reduction reaction equations; reviews the five step method using real-life examples..
Quantitative Analysis Using Redox Titrations: emphasises the usefulness of redox titration as an analytical technique; explains titration procedures and techniques, and how to determine the end point of a redox titration; presents two experiments demonstrating how to collect and analyse data to obtain a quantitative result..
Oxidation-Reduction Titrations And Stoichiometry: shows the complete cycle of a redox titrations and analysis of the data, predicting the end point colour change, standardising the titrant, titrating the unknown and it stoichiometric analysis of the data; examines applications to redox titrations in an environmental context.
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29 .00 + VAT
This video: explains oxidation numbers within molecules and polyatomic ions using detailed graphics; shows various examples of the rules for assigning oxidation numbers; uses a real-life examples to explain the rules for writing half-reactions using oxidation numbers.
28 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video explains electrolysis and quantitative electrolysis, and examines primary cells, secondary cells and fuel cells. The video is divided into three separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Electrolysis: explores the similarities and differences of voltaic cells and electrolytic cells; explains that the same steps to predict voltaic cell reactions can be used to predict non-spontaneous electrolytic reactions; discusses industrial applications of electrolysis.
Primary Cells, Secondary Cells And Fuel Cells: defines secondary cells and compares them to primary cells; introduces equations to show the rechargeable aspect of secondary cells, and explains this using a lead storage battery; discusses the uses and advantages of fuel cells.
Quantitative Electrolysis: explains electrical units and the Faraday, and the relationship between current, time and moles of electrons; shows how to solve simple problems to demonstrate this relationship and the stoichiometric connection to electrolysis.
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video explains molar enthalpy of solution, the enthalpy of phase changes and it molar enthalpies and formation reactions. The video is divided into three 28 minute programmes as follows:
Molar Enthalpy Of Solution: discusses energy transfer by assuming the energy released by one substance equals the energy absorbed by another; presents calorimetry experiments which determine the amount of energy transferred when hot water is added to cold; experimentally determines molar heats of solution for endothermic and exothermic reactions; discusses the applications of molar enthalpies of solution.
The Enthalpy Of Phase Changes: explains how to determine the molar enthalpy of a phase change by assuming that the kinetic and potential energy changes of a substance undergoing a temperature and phase change are equal to the kinetic energy of the calorimeter; shows how to determine calorimetrically the molar enthalpies for condensation and fusion of water; looks at and solves, various enthalpy change problems from real life contexts.
Molar Enthalpies And Formation Reactions: demonstrates the three methods of expressing molar enthalpies with equations, graphs and experiments; explains enthalpy changing in terms of the rearrangement of chemical bonds; examines a method for graphically determining the enthalpy change for a reaction using known enthalpy changes for other reactions.
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
Suitable for A-level students, this video: shows how enthalpy changes can be communicated in three ways-as a term in an equation, as delta H or molar delta H notation, and as a potential energy diagram; demonstrates Hess's law using calorimetry and potential energy diagrams; demonstrates a Hess's law short cut using molar enthalpies of formation
28 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
Suitable for A-level students, this video: shows how to determine the molar enthalpy of neutralisation of sodium hydroxide using calorimetry; compares the experimental value to the actual value that was determined using Hess's Law; demonstrates skills related to carrying out an experiment on neutralisation and calorimetry.
28 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
Suitable for A-level students, this video: shows how the pH scale is an easy way to express hydrogen ion concentration; provides a definition of pH and how it is calculated; explains the pH/pOH scale and discusses the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH; demonstrates the use of pH meters and examines the significance of pH in biological systems and other products.
28 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This comprehensive video introduces chemical equilibrium systems, and examines dynamic equilibrium and opposing reactions in equilibrium systems. The video is divided into three separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Introduction To Chemical Equilibrium Systems: explains several reversible reactions and demonstrates the difference is between steady state, open and closed systems; demonstrates experiments using evaporation to show the difference between an open and closed system; defines equilibrium using the preceding examples and sublimation of iodine.
Dynamic Equilibrium: uses the dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen dioxide equilibrium system to demonstrate how equilibrium is dynamic, and that a change in temperature can favour either forward or reverse rate of the reaction; demonstrates how, on a molecular level, the hydrogen/iodine/hydrogen iodide equilibrium is used to show (according to the collision theory) what happens from the start of a reaction until the system reaches equilibrium.
Opposing Reactions In Equilibrium Systems: uses the synthesis of ammonia to show how to determine the amount of product and reactant are present at equilibrium; explains and derive the equilibrium law expression, showing written examples for various reaction; use the equilibrium constant K, from its numerical value, to reveal whether products or reactants are favoured at equilibrium.
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £49.00 + VAT
This video examines opposing reactions, Le Chatelier's principle and reviews the factors for equilibrium calculations by looking at equilibrium systems in methanol production. The video is divided into two separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Opposing Reactions And Le Chatelier's Principle: explains Le Chatelier's principle and its role in equilibrium calculations; uses cobalt (II) co-ordinate complexes to visually demonstrate how equilibrium can be shifted by changing temperature or the concentrations of various reagents; explains the Haber-Bosch process for synthesising ammonia to determine the factors that would favour the production of ammonia, including the use of catalysts.
Equilibrium Systems And Methanol Production: presents two reactions involved in producing methanol to review equilibrium calculations; uses the dinitrogen tetroxide/nitrogen dioxide equilibrium as an example of the calculation using quadratic equation to solve for equilibrium concentrations.
56 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
This video defines acids and bases, and examines acids, bases and the ionic product constant of water. The video is divided into two separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Acids And Bases Defined: shows how empirical definitions of acidic, basic and neutral solutions are derived by performing diagnostic tests; examines applications of acids and bases, and presents the historical development of acid-base theories; shows how to predict, quantitatively, changes in pH and pOH when a solution is diluted.
Acids, Bases And The Ion Product Of Water: analyses a pure water system and introduces its equilibrium constant K; studies evidence for the shifting of equilibrium and pure water when acids or bases are added; examines the inverse relationship between hydrogen and hydroxide ions in all solutions, works out sample calculations with Kw, and analyses and explains the results.
56 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
This video explains the strength of acids and bases, and introduces acid-base calculations. The video is divided into two separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Explaining The Strength Of Acids And Bases: demonstrates an experiment comparing acidic solutions in relationship to their pH and conductivity, leading to a definition of strong and weak acids, and follows a similar procedure for bases; shows how to develop equilibrium expressions for acids and bases and use Kaand Kbto define strong and weak acids and bases; demonstrates the difference between strong/weak and concentrated/diluted with empirical data.
Acid-base Calculations: uses quantitative aspects of acids and bases to describe their solutions; uses various contexts to present the different calculations involving Ka, Kb, pH, pOH, hydronium ion, hydroxide ion and the percentage of reaction; shows the relationship between Kw, Kband Kb.
56 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
Suitable for A-level students, this video: discusses the limitations of Arrhenius's Theory and shows how a new theory involving proton transfer (the Bronsted-Lowry theory) explains these limitations; explains acids and bases and their conjugates, and label as conjugate acid-base pairs in equations; demonstrates the five step method for writing Bronsted-Lowry equations using an acid-base table; shows everyday examples of acid-base reactions to reinforce Bronsted-Lowry theory.
28 minutes PAL VHS tape/P>
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video explains writing and predicting equilibria for Bronsted-Lowry equations and introduces acid-base stoichiometry and titration curves. The video is divided into two separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Writing And Predicting Equilibria For Bronsted-Lowry Equations: demonstrates that prediction of Bronsted-Lowry acid-base neutralisations is based on acid-base strength determined from an acid-base data table; explains that reactions involving polyprotic acids and anions of polyprotic acids can be predicted by adding the proton transfer equations together; shows how to test and evaluate these predictions through laboratory activities.
Acid-base Stoichiometry And Titrations Curves: demonstrates an example of a stoichiometric acid-base calculation (pH control in swimming pools); discusses the various types of pH curves generated using a pH probe and a computer interface; makes comparisons of the different curves, and shows how to obtain information from the curves.
56 minutes PAL VHS tape
equilibriaCost: £39.00 + VAT
This comprehensive video introduces acid-base indicators, acid-base titrations and concentration calculations. The video is divided into three separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Acid-base Indicators: uses common substances to show how and why indicators change colour in the presence of acids or bases; demonstrates the use of universal indicators and universal indicator strips; demonstrates an experiment to determine the relative pH of several solutions using only indicators; shows how indicators are used in industry and in acid-base neutralisations. Acid-base Titrations: demonstrates how to determine an unknown acid concentration through the selection of proper indicators, the standardising of the titrant, the titration of the unknown acid, and the analysis; uses computer generated titrations curves to explain equivalence points and indicator endpoints.
Acid-base Titrations And Concentration Calculations: demonstrates an analysis of household ammonia using the steps for titrations and proper techniques; shows how hydrochloric acid is standardised using sodium carbonate solution of known concentration, and how the hydrochloric acid titrant is then used to titrate the ammonia; shows how data is collected and calculations completed to determine the concentration of the ammonia (excess base calculations explain); shows how water samples are tested in commercial labs.
84 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £49.00 + VAT
This video introduces radioactive decay using radioactive dating of artefacts and fossils as examples. It explains how to describe decay in terms of nuclear equations and half-life calculations, and demonstrates the latter using radioactive tracers. Viewing this video should improve students ability to: write the nuclear equations for alpha and beta decay; performed simple, a non-logarithmic half-life calculations; predict the particles emitted by a nucleus from the examination of representative transmutation equations; graph data for radioactive decay and interpolate values for half-life; interpret some common nuclear decay chains. This video assumes prior knowledge of the characteristics of radiation and isotope notation.
28 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video introduces spectral analysis and its role in the development of the model of the atom and the expiration of the universe. The video is divided into two separate 28 minute programmes as follows:
Atomic Spectra: demonstrates the visible spectra of a number of gases and the analytical power of spectral analysis; introduces Rutherford's model of the atom, and explains the significance of his scattering experiments; shows how elements have unique line spectra, and compares continuous and line absorption spectra; shows the use of line spectra in the study of the universe and the identification of substances.
The Hydrogen Spectra: demonstrates how to quantitatively analyse the hydrogen gas spectrum using the Rydberg equations; introduces the idea of energy levels within the hydrogen atom; use the Doppler effect to show a connection between absorption spectra and the motion of galaxies; shows how Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism undermined the planetary model of the atom; explains the quantum implications of line absorption and line emission spectra and shows how to use the Balmer equations to one for wavelength and energy levels.
56 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £39.00 + VAT
This video introduces the chemical structure, properties and functions of the major groups of organic compounds found in living systems. It deals with:
Lipids: insolubility in water (cf carbohydrates), the structure of phospholipids (including hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties), and the significance of lipids (including cholesterol and vitamin E);
Carbohydrates: chemical composition and water soluble properties, how glucose can serve as monomer in polymer molecules, and the role of carbohydrates (eg in blood typing);
Proteins: molecular structure of amino acids, the formation of covalent peptide bonds, 3 D structure of complex folded protein polymers, and functions of proteins;
Nucleic acids: DNA/RNA structure and function, base pairing, and protein synthesis;
Enzymes: their action and functions (eg trypsin), the lock and key action of an enzyme and substrate, and contrasts enzymes with structural proteins (eg porin).
24 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Suitable for GCSE biology students, this video introduces the chemical concepts important to understanding life processes. It deals with: elements, atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, molecules, isotopes and ions; ionic and covalent bonds; the importance of water and carbon; the pH scale; the structures and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, DNA and RNA; mono-, di-and polysaccharides, and hydrolysis; proteins, amino acids, peptide bonds and polypeptides. The video is accompanied by a comprehensive teacher's guide
21 minutes
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
this CD-ROM is divided into four sections dealing with:
The Chemistry Of Life-introduces the common types of biological molecules and basic principles of biochemistry necessary for understanding cellular function.
The Chemistry Of Carbohydrates and lipids-examines carbohydrates and lipids, structure and role of glucose, structural combinations of sugar molecules, glucose break down, the role of ribose in photosynthesis and nucleoside triphosphate chemistry, the functions and structure of lipids, including fats, cholesterol and phospholipids (including hydrophilic/phobic properties).
The Chemistry Of Proteins: deals with the functions and structure of proteins, amino acids and their influence on protein structure, peptide bonds, and the factors involved in the physical basis of protein structure (dealing with primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures).
The Chemistry Of Nucleic Acids: explains the structure of bases, nucleotides and polynucleotide chains; the chemistry of base pairing and the double helix, and compares it DNA/RNA structure.
PC requirements: 8 megabytes RAM, X2 speed CD-ROM drive, IBM compatible multimedia PC, Windows 3X/9X; Apple Mac 68030, system 7 or later. (Boulton-Hawker films regret that no site licences are available for this CD-ROM)
Cost: £45.00 + VAT
This CD-ROM examines the buffers, protein synthesis and enzymes. It is divided into three sections:
Buffers: analyses buffers as conjugate base acid systems, then uses the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system to demonstrate the relationship between pH and buffering ability; also illustrates the buffer systems response to added acid or base and the Henderson-Hasslebach equation.
Protein synthesis: examines structure and functions of different types of RNA (including mRNA, tRNA and rRNA) and their role on protein synthesis, the structure and function of ribosomes, the steps in the protein synthesis process, and the structure, location and significance of polysomes.
Enzymes: presents basic principles of enzyme action, looking at substrate specificity, reaction specificity, recycling of and enzymes, types of enzyme actions (rearrangement or isomerisation, exchange or transfer, addition, and association), and how enzymes speed reactions.
PC requirements: 8 megabytes RAM, X2 speed CD-ROM drive, IBM compatible multimedia PC, Windows 3X/9X; Apple Mac 68030, system 7 or later. (Boulton-Hawker films regret that no site licences are available for this CD-ROM)
Cost: £45.00 + VAT
This video introduces the biochemistry of energy supply, photosynthesis and respiration. It uses extensive computer animated diagrams to show the chemical processes involved at a molecular level.
The video is divided into sections dealing with the following topics:
energy flow-looks at cell energy needs;
enzymes-the role of catalysts and substrates, and the principles of catalytic reactions;
ATP: the energy currency-ATP's role in storing and supplying energy;
photosynthesis-outlines the biochemistry of photosynthesis;
glycolysis and cellular respiration outlines the biochemistry of these processes;
from food to ATP-how digestion in animals breaks down proteins carbohydrates and lipids;
metabolic pathways-how metabolic pathways are currently regulated by genes.
20 minutes PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video demonstrates what a titrations is, how it is performed and how to determine when it is complete. It shows how the technique is applied in a number of real settings.
The video explains and demonstrates:
that a titration can determine how much of an analyte is in solution;
terms such as standard solution, titrant, and subsequent analyltical calculations;
that acid-base titrations permit the concentrations of acids and bases to be determined accurately using a neutralisation reaction;
that the end point of a titration is signalled by adding an appropriate indicator to the analyte solution;
commercial analysis to determine the concentration of sulfides in canned tuna fish;
a redox titration to determine the amount of vitamin C in different samples using an iodine/thyodyne indicator to determine the end point after which the analytical calculation is shown.
23 minutes 2002 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video demonstrates the water monitoring techniques that are involved in testing and studying water quality.
Video explains and demonstrates:
how the analysis has to be sensitive enough to measure substances down to parts per million (ppm.)
how an investigation is conducted to test and compare water samples from various sources;
sampling methods as applied to temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, nitrate, chlorine deterimnations; and coliform bacteria levels;
how the final analysis of the results is carried out to determine the suitability of the water for drinking purposes;
and proper laboratory safety procedures.
27 minutes 2002 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video introduces and demonstrates: the analytical technique of chromatography which is used to separate compounds; and the various chromatographic techniques available.
The video explains and demonstrates:
the basic principles of chromatography and its use in various analytical procedures;
the chromatographic process covering terms such as, mobile and stationary phases, and affinity;
how the separation of coloured compounds on a chromatogram provide a unique 'fingerprint' of each sample looked at from which factors such as the retention factor (Rf can be obtained;
how thin layer chromatography is used to confirm a document's authenticity;
that paper chromatography can be used to identify an unknown ink, terms such as solvent and solvent front are introduced;
column and gas chromatography;
laboratory safety procedures, when perfomeing chromatographic analyses.
23 minutes 2002 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video introduces the principles of spectral analysis and explains the relationship between absorbance and transmittance.
The video explains and demonstrates how:
spectroscopy is used to analyse different light sources using a spectroscope;
light can be absorbed transmitted or reflected;
spectrophotometry measures how much light is absorbed or transmitted by a given material;
a spectrophotometer can isolate a particular wavelength of light, and measure its absorbance and transmittance;
the mathematical relationship between absorbance and transmittance;
Beer's Law (the direct relationship between concentration and absorbance);
spectrophotometry can be used to analyse sensitive samples;
spectrophotometry is used to determine the concentration of aspirin in an unknown solution;
Laboratory safety procedures are used.
25 minutes 2002 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00
This video covers the basic concepts of chemical and equilibrium.
Using a variety of examples and visual analogies this video:
introduces and defines equilibrium, demonstrates reversible reactions including the formation of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, the heating of calcium carbonate to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide;
explains Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium law and the K constant;
shows how to calculate equilibrium constants for reversible reactions (with simple calculations);
looks at what and an equilibrium constant indicates about reaction-quantities of reactants and products present at equilibrium and the significance of a high and low
K values;
uses the example of carbon monoxide to demonstrate the above points-the competition of oxygen and carbon monoxide for haemoglobin (competing equilibria).
21 minutes 2003 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29 plus VAT
This video follows on from the above programme and looks at how the concept of equilibrium can be applied in the real world.
The video reviews the basic concepts of chemical the equilibrium and then goes on to:
explain how conditions in a reaction (other than temperature);
explore the effects of changing conditions such as adding more reactants, changing the pressure of a gaseous reaction, and adding a catalyst to a reaction (eg the Haber process);
explain how changing the temperature of the reaction would change the value of K, effect of temperature on K for exothermic and endothermic reactions;
pose a problem for students to solve regarding a reversible reactions;
examines the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid and how the concepts of the equilibrium apply.
19 minutes 2003 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29 plus VAT
This video explains the structure of atoms and the characteristics of elements, isotopes and ions. It also introduces quantum theory and its significance for the electronic configuration of atoms
The video is divided into sections dealing with the following topics:
The structure of atoms-shows the basic structure of atoms looking at the role of protons, neutrons and electrons;
elements and isotopes-explains how elements differ, looking at atomic number, isotopes, atomic mass and atomic mass unit;
ions-explains positive and negative ions and shows how oxidation numbers are written;
nuclear stability-looks at radioactive decay and the three types radiation-alpha, beta and gamma;
Quantum theory-introduces the concept of energy being released in units or quanta, and introduces the Uncertainty Principle;
electron behaviour-looks at atomic orbitals, and quantum numbers
Cost: £29.00 + VAT
This video explains how the organisation of the periodic table is related to the structure of atoms and their electronic configuration.
The video looks at the following topics:
the development of the periodic table-looks at how Mendeleev first developed the periodic table and explains why modern chemists organise the table by atomic number;
reading the periodic table-looks at an elements position on the periodic table and explains its atomic structure, explains the organisation of the periodic table into periods and groups;
electronic configurations-explains why the electrons in the Valence energy level important, shows how the electronic configurations of the elements are related to the periodic table, and explains the Octet rule them;
writing electronic configurations-describes orbitals shapes and explains the principles of writing electronic configurations;
tour of the table-describes the division of the periodic table into similar electronic configurations (s, d, f and p blocks).
20 minutes 2003 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29 plus VAT
This video on acid-base systems looks at the following topics:
the limitations of Arrhenius's theory showing how a new theory involving proton transfer (the Bronsted-Lowry theory) explains these limitations;
explains acids and bases and their conjugates;
demonstrates the five step method for writing Bronsted-Lowry equations using an acid-base table;
shows everyday examples of acid-base reactions to reinforce Bronsted-Lowry theory.
28 minutes 1996 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35 plus VAT
This video introduces the concept of the mole, explains the essential mole formulae and shows how to use them in chemical calculations.
This video deals in turn with:
the mole is a big big number!-looks at the scale of atomic particles, the mole as a unit of measurement, Avogadro's number, and mole symbol;
the amazing mole-looks at the role of the mole concept in chemical calculations;
moles in reaction-looks at the way chemicals react in groups of moles focusing on equations showing ratio of moles reacting;
mole detectors-the section looks at relative molecular mass and atomic mass numbers;
mole in every state-looks at the mole as applied to liquids (concentration) and gases (use of Gas law PV=nRT), and volume of gas occupied at STP.
26 minutes 2003 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35 plus VAT
[ Chemistry Images Post_16 Front Page | Publisher Address Index | Publisher and Programme Title Index | Keyword Index ]
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