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The subject is introduced by looking at the role of the platinum gauze as used in the Davy Safety lamp with a practical demonstration. The programme then considers the following: the 'Balushov' Oscillating reaction where malonic acid is oxidised by bromate ions in the presence of cerium (IV) ions acting as catalyst; surface area effects and discussion of industrial catalysts including catalyst support and micrographs of fresh and used silver catalyst on alumina support; ammonia production at ICI Billingham; oil manufacture from coal and natural gas; and finally an examination of an automotive three way catalytic converter.
35 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
This video covers 12 common industrial chemical processes in a common house style. Each section begins with a brief overview of the uses of the product, an overview of the process using animated diagrams, the UK location of the plant, and finally an animated view of the production site showing the plant layout.
The rest of the section concerns the delivery of raw materials, the production processes and transport from the chemical plant. Each stage of the production process is explained by the use of clearly labelled animated diagrams linked to the real images shown.
The clips are designed not to teach from scratch but to be shown to students after they have been taught the principles and theory of the processes concerned.
A teachers' guide is included.
Total time: 73 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This programme shows the extraction of aluminium metal from alumina at Anglesey Aluminium's plant in Wales.
The process shows the electrolysis of alumina in molten cryolite using the Hall-Heroult process. The programme covers the process from arrival of alumina by sea, production of carbon anodes, electrolysis in molten cryolite to give aluminium, vacuum extraction of molten aluminium, replacement of carbon anodes, and casting of aluminum into billets.
Time: 6.30 minutes
This programme shows the manufacture of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen by the Haber process at ICI Chemicals and Polymers' No. 4 ammonia plant at Billingham, Teeside.
The process shown starts with the arrival of methane gas from the North Sea by gas pipeline, methane is then converted to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the primary reformer, carbon monoxide is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the secondary converter, carbon dioxide formed is then removed in the carbon dioxide scrubber, the resultant hydrogen is then mixed with nitrogen to form ammonia over an iron catalyst in the ammonia converter.
The removal, storage and transport of liquid ammonia is shown finally.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Chemicals from Salt shows the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution in flowing mercury cathode cells to produce chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, and electrolysis of aqueous potassium chloride solution in membrane cells to produce potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen. Both processes take place at ICI Chemicals and Polymers, Runcorn, Cheshire. The brine wells and reservoirs at Lostock Gralam, near Northwich Cheshire are also shown.
Time: 8 minutes
Copper refining shows the smelting and electrolytic purification of copper from scrap at IMI Refiners, Walsall, West Midlands.
The process begins with the addition of scrap copper to a furnace where it is purified to 80%. The copper undergoes two more furnace refinings, the last being the anode furnace where the copper is cast into the shape of the anode to be used in electrolytic purification. The electrolysis cell room is shown where the copper is purified to greater than 99.99%. The steel cathodes around which the pure copper is deposited are shown having the copper removed. The anode slime which contains precious metals is shown being removed along with the nickel rich electrolytic solution. The pure copper is then melted and cast continually into billets.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Gases from the air shows the separation of air into nitrogen, oxygen and argon by fractional distillation of liquid air at the BOC Gases plat at Thane, Oxfordshire.
The programme follows the process from the initial purification of air by filtration, through compression, chilling, carbon dioxide and water removal to final compression and cooling to produce liquid air. The final process of turning liquid air into nitrogen, oxygen and argon in the fractionating tower is explained by the use of animated diagrams and live footage. The section ends with a look at the process control centre, and compressed cylinder and liquified gas transport.
Time: 5 minutes
Iron and Steel shows iron making in the blast furnace and steel making by the basic oxygen process at British Steel Scunthorpe.
The section begins with a look at the raw materials used in making iron: iron ore, lime stone and coal. The process begins with the conversion of coal into coke in the coking ovens; the mixing of iron ore, lime stone and coke in the ore beds; and finally sintering of the mix for addition to the furnace. The section on the blast furnace looks at addition of the sintered ore mix; tapping of iron and discharge into torpedo ladles; slag removal; and the brittle nature of cast iron.
The second part of this section looks at the basic oxygen conversion of raw iron into steel. The furnace is shown being charged with scrap iron and molten iron from the blast furnace. An animated diagram explains the process whereby carbon and other impurities are removed and low carbon steel is produced.
Time: 7 minutes
This section shows the manufacture of nitric acid by the Oswald processed the ICI Chemicals and Polymers no. 4 nitric acid plant at Billingham Teeside.
The section begins the ammonia evaporation and air compression and filtration stages of the process. It then goes on to cover the following stages: the burning of ammonia to give nitric oxide and water; the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide using the rhodium/platinum catalyst; removal of new rhodium/platinum gauze from the safe; the absorption tower where nitric acid is produced; nitric acid before and after bleaching/NOx removal.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Nylon covers the manufacture of nylon form cyclohexane and hexanedinitrile (adiponitrile) and its extrusion in the form of chips at the DuPont plant at Wilton, Teeside.
The process shown begins with the arrival at sea of cyclohexane; the addition of air and nitric acid to cyclohexane to give adipic acid; hydrogenation of adiponitrile to give hexamethylenediammine; the formation of nylon salt from hexamethylene-diamine and adipic acid; and finally the removal of water to give nylon.
Time: 6 minutes
Oil Refining shows the fractional distillation of crude oil and subsequent cracking, platforming (conversion of straight chain carbon molecules to branched ones), and desulphurisation of the resulting heavy fractions at Shell's manufacturing complex at Stanlow, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral, Cheshire.
Time: 6 minutes
This section shows the high pressure polymerisation of ethene to form low density polythene (polyethene) at BP's plant at Wilton, Teeside.
The process shown begins with piped ethene derived from cracked naphtha; the compression of ethene to 1,500 atm.; the addition of initiator to gas stream prior to reaction; explanation of the reaction using animated diagrams and views of the actual reaction vessel; separation of unreacted ethene and polythene; addition of antioxidants; cooling and drying of polythene pellets; and finally a film of polythene is blown to assess its quality.
Time: 5.30 minutes
Sodium shows the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride in Downs cells to produce sodium and chlorine at the Associated Octel Company Limited at St. Helens, Merseyside.
The section begins with the drying of sodium chloride to less than 0.05% moisture. The electrolysis of sodium chloride is then covered in some detail: the Downs cells are charged with sodium chloride; the cell structure is explained with animated diagrams and views of the steel cathode, the graphite anode, the steel mesh diaphragm and the construction of a new cell with refractory bricks; calcium is removed from the siphoned liquid sodium metal; the section ends with a look at molten sodium storage and the casting and packing of sodium ingots.
Time: 6 minutes
This section shows the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact process at Hays Chemicals' double absorption plant at St Helens, Merseyside.
The process begins with shots of the arrival of the raw material: liquid sulphur. It then proceeds to describe the following stages in sulphuric acid manufacture: the burning of sulphur in dried, compressed air to form sulphur dioxide with subsequent heat removal; the conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide over vanadium pentoxide catalyst; the absorption of sulphur trioxide in 96% sulphuric acid; sampling of 98% sulphuric acid; and finally process control and electricity generation from excess heat produced during the process.
Time: 6 minutes
This new video from Liverpool University takes a tutorial approach to the subject and, with the aid of examples, explains the issues involved. It divided into three sections:
(1) Intermediate 1H NMR interpretation - covers shift reagents, deuterium exchange and decoupling, and molecules in rigid systems. The Karplus equation is applied to 2 and 4 cylohexanols, and AMX, AB and ABX systems are discussed;
(2) 13C NMR spectroscopy - explains the problems arising from the low natural abundance of 13C, then considers decoupling, off resonance decoupling and DEPT. Spectra are assigned by decoupling chemical shift data and the use of 13C and 2H as tracers is considered;
(3)NMR spectra of fluorinated molecules - this considers the 19F-19F couplings in fully fluorinated molecules, and then shows how fluorine can affect 1H and 13C NMR spectra by strong 1H-19F and 1H-13C couplings.
45 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
Tutorial style presentation of mass spectrometry. The introduction covers electrostatic and magnetic analyzers to ion production. There follows a detailed examination of a high resolution mass spectrometer from sample introduction through to spectrum production. The programme concludes with a discussion on mass spectra ranging from high and low resolution, isotopic factors, and fragmentation through to rearrangement.
30 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This video has been produced by the Royal Society of Chemistry and GlaxoWellcome to support the teaching of instrumental techniques in chemistry at the post -16 level. The clips are designed to be used after the students have been taught the technique and are not intended to teach the technique from scratch.
1 Ultra- violet/Visible Spectroscopy
Shows two instruments. The first is a Perkin - Elmer Lambda 2 Dispersive Spectrophotometer used to run a spectrum of aqueous nickel (II) sulphate. The second is a Hewlett - Packard HP8452A Diode Array Spectrophotometer used to investigate reaction Kinetics.
2 Infra - Red Spectroscopy
Shows a Bio - Rad FTS 155 Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer and deals with sample preparation by potassium bromide disc, Nujol mull and thin film.
3 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Shows a Perkin - Elmer 5100 PC 2 double headed atomic absorption spectrophotometer being used to measure concentrations of aqueous lead ions. It show atomization by flame and graphite furnace.
4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Shows a Varian VXR400 400 MHz Fourier Transform Spectrometer being used to acquire the spectrum of paracetamol.
5 Mass Spectrometry
Shows a VG Autospec magnetic sector instrument with two electrostatic analyzers being used to run the mass spectrum of methyl stearate.
6 X- Ray Crystallography
Shows a Siemens P3 diffractometer using Polaroid film as the detection system.
7 Elemental Microanalysis
Shows a Leco CHNS - 932 Analyser used to determine the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. in an organic compound.
8 Electron Probe Analysis
Shows a Philips CM 12 transmission electron microscope fitted with an EDAX PV9800 microanalyser. It is being used to perform an elemental analysis on samples of bone from a patient with brittle bone disease.
9 Gas Chromatography
Shows a Hewlett Packard HP 5890 Series II plus instrument using a capillary column to effect separation and a flame ionisation detector.
10 High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Shows a Hewlett Packard HP 1050 series instrument.
11 Gel Electrophoresis
Shows a Hoefer "Mighty Small" electrophoresis instrument and deals with the separation, detection and estimation of proteins.
12 Capillary Electrophoresis
Shows a Hewlett Packard HP3D instrument used to separate compounds such as amino acids and peptides.
51 minutes. 1995 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £29.00 + p. & p. + VAT
Cost: $62.00
Discussion on oxidation including: footage of the NASA space shuttle; hydrogen/oxygen tin explosion; reaction of aluminium powder and ammonium perchlorate as used in NASA's space shuttle's solid rocket boosters; 'Blue Bottle' experiment where methylene blue and glucose are reacted with air; demonstration of the police 'breathalyser' where ethanol reacts with dichromate; 'Blue Bottle' experiment revisited with argon, and cyanoferrate and argon; and gunpowder - loose and courtesy of the American Civil War Society.
The programme concludes with a discussion of an industrial oxidation processes: the manufacture of chlorine from brine. Aspects considered include the membrane electrolysis cell and a test rig electrolysis cell.
35 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
The apparatus and techniques used chromatography are demonstrated in this programme.
1 Thin layer chromatography
This section looks at the following: foil backed silica plates ; drawing of capillary tubing; running a chromatogram from spotting of plates to addition of solvent and plate to developing tank; discussion on selection of solvent and solid phase; analysis of plates using UV light and iodine vapour; discussion on Rf values; and problems encountered in running chromatograms, such as spreading, tailing and poor separation, are discussed.
2 Column chromatography
As an introduction to column chromatography, the difficult separation of fluorene and flurenone using alumina and eluent of increasing polarity is performed. The technique is demonstrated beginning with preparation of the column through to final elution and subsequent analysis by thin layer chromatography.
3 Paper chromatography
The technique of paper chromatography is introduced in this section. It begins with a discussion on cellulose (paper) chromatograms and subsequent spotting with a mixture of amino acids and standard amino acids. It then goes on to demonstrate the construction of a chromatography tank using two large toffee jar lids. Final development of the chromatogram is carried out using Ninhydrin. The section ends with a discussion on Rf values.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
The following titrations are demonstrated as examples of volumetric analysis: aqueous sodium hydroxide against a known mass of potassium hydrogen phthalate beginning with the burette and pipette being checked for cleanliness; and the titration of aqueous potassium permanganate against a known volume of sodium ethanedioate (oxalate), the titration being carried out warm and the end point accurately determined using the 'half drop' technique.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
The following techniques are introduced in this tape on practical organic chemistry:
1 Melting Temperature Determination
Brief look at the various apparatus used in melting temperature determination thermometer and paraffin, standard melting temperature apparatus and a hot stage with microscope. The various functions of a standard melting temperature apparatus are displayed and a single and mixed melting temperature determination are demonstrated.
2 Crystallisation
This section begins with solvent selection where methanol, acetone and petrol are added to small amounts of sample to ascertain which solvent the sample is insoluble in. The section ends with a recrystallisation from initial heating of sample and solvent, through to a discussion on the use of decolorising charcoal.
3 Distillation
The apparatus for an atmospheric distillation using flask, water cooled condenser, receiving flask and adapter is set up. The flask is third filled with liquid, heated using Bunsen and gauze, and the distillate collected in fractions.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
A look at ICI's Winsford salt mining operation introduces this programme on salt and its products. The programme then considers the following: the crystalline structure of rock salt is examined leading on to look at the two types of close packing - hexagonal and cubic (face centred); and a discussion of the sodium chloride unit cell structure, followed by the Born Haber formation cycle, melting, aqueous solvation and electrolysis.
The programme continues with a look at the industrial electrolysis of brine at ICI's Runcorn plant where the two methods employed are examined: (i) mercury cell where an open mercury cell and sodium amalgam decomposition chamber are seen; and (ii) membrane cell with views of the various membrane cells, and a detailed description of how a single membrane cell operates.The programme ends with a laboratory comparison of the reactivity towards water of sodium metal and sodium amalgam.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This new video from Liverpool University consists of a recording of the well-known lecture on the production of Sound, light and heat in oxidation reactions. The entertaining and exciting style of presentation helps to reinforce the many chemical principles that are covered. After a thorough coverage of combustion, extending to chain reactions and explosions, the properties of oxidants are considered. The range covers some very rapid oxidations with liquid oxygen, and slightly more controlled oxidation with a solid oxidising reagents. The multiplicity of oxidation states is demonstrated with vanadium, and chemiluminescence with luminol.
65 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost £35.00 + VAT
Introduction includes transition metals and their relation to other elements in the periodic table and their electronic structure.
Characteristics of transition metals:
(i) colour - the origin of transition metal
colours from d - d and
charge transfer transitions examples used are copper (II) and
permanganate;
(ii) para and diamagnetic properties
including examples of
superconductivity and the Meissner effect
(iii) variation
in oxidation states of
the following: chromium (VI), (III) and (II); vanadium (VI) -
(II);
(iv) catalysis -
silver (I) nitrate and ammonium persulphate are reacted in
concentrated ammonia
to give nitrogen;
(v) complex compound formation and colour
- hydrated iron
(III) ammonium alum, chromium (III) hydrate, cobalt (II)
hydrate, and addition of
water to cobalt (II) chloride and cobalt (II)
bromide.
Acid hydrolysis reactions are also demonstrated:
(i) water is added to
ferric ammonium
alum crystals giving the iron hydroxo complex followed by
addition of concentrated
nitric acid to the iron (III) hexaquo complex;
(ii) aqueous
iron (III) sulphate and
sodium carbonate
(iii) chromium (III) and sodium
carbonate
Reaction of transition metal salt with strong alkali:
(i) aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to aqueous copper (II) solution forming copper (II) hydroxide - further sodium hydroxide is added giving deep blue copper (II) cuprate.
Substitution reactions:
(i) aqueous ammonia is added in turn to aqueous nickel (II), chromium (III), copper (II) & cobalt (II) forming nickel (II) hydroxide, chromium (III) hydroxide, copper (II) hydroxide & cobalt (II) hydroxide - further addition of ammonia leads to formation of nickel (II) hexammine, chromium (III) hexammine, tetraammine copper (II) and cobalt (II) ammine
The programme then concludes with a discussion on Alfred Werner and the cobalt ammines and the following reactions:
(i) addition of concentrated
hydrochloric acid to
aqueous cobalt (II) gives the cobalt (II) tetrachloride
complex and copper (II), the
copper (II) tetrachloride complex;
(ii) concentrated nitric
acid is reacted with
aqueous iron (III) giving the iron (III) hexaquo complex and
addition of concentrated
hydrochloric acid produces the iron (III) tetrachloride
complex
(iii) addition of
hydrochloric acid to silver (I) nitrate forms insoluble silver
(I) chloride and in excess
hydrochloric acid, dichloro silver (II)
(iv) addition of
dimethylglyoxime to nickel
(II) produces the square planar nickel (II) dimethylglyoxime
complex and excess
cyanide the nickel (II) tetracyanide complex
60 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
Tutorial style presentation of UV spectroscopy covering the following topics: electronic transitions; molecular orbital theory as applied to UV absorbing functional groups; fluorescence with examples such as rhodamine, fluorescein and quinine; conjugation and betacarotene; absorption coefficients; Beer - Lambert Law and reaction kinetics where the reaction of aqueous iron (II) and 1,10-phenanthroline to form tris-1,10-phenanthroline iron (II) is discussed.
Also included are: single beam UV /Vis spectrophotometer and cell handling; various transition metal compounds whose colour are due to charge transfer transitions are examined including permanganate, chromate, titanate and vanadate; and qualitative tests - reaction of ferric ions with potassium thiocyanate solution, and potassium hexacyanoferrate solution to give Prussian Blue.
The final part of the programme looks at the Jahn Teller effect and ligand field splitting with the addition of water to hexachloro titanium (III) producing the hexaquo titanium (III) complex.
45 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This video, presented by DJ Chadwick and R Lyon of Liverpool University provides a clear demonstration of how to look at the results obtained through these analytical methods.
40 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35 + p and p + VAT
This video tape features Dave Nicholls' now famous lecture recorded live. It is great fun, really entertaining and deals with a lot of chemistry in an enjoyable way. The programme covers the preparation and use of liquid oxygen and nitrogen, and includes the burning of a range materials, from bread rolls to titanium metal, in liquid oxygen.
55 minutes. PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35 + VAT
Analysts is a video which provides an insight into the role which analytical science plays in our daily lives. Analytical data are ensures the quality of the air we breathe, food we eat, and the water we drink, and the challenges which analysts face are becoming progressively more complex.
The video uses the medium of four case studies to illustrate the range of roles played by analytical scientists testing the safety of products on sale in the High Street, and in the formulation and testing of new pharmaceutical products. It also shows how a laboratory tests for evidence of the illegal use of drugs, and how analytical science is used to protect the environment by testing for contamination in soil, or for harmful engine emissions.
Analysts will be of particular interest to post 16 students and others who are interested in the fascinating role which analysis plays in our everyday lives.
20 minutes. 1997 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
Increasingly, the emphasis in today's analytical laboratory is on quality measurement. The need for well-trained analysts has never been greater. Unfortunately new recruits do not always enter industry fully trained and competent in basic skills. Cost effective training in the skills is addressed in the video Basic Laboratory Skills, produced by practising analysts at the LGC.
The video provides a logical mix of basic techniques comprehensively covered, with emphasis on points of particular importance such as modern laboratory practices, weighing, pipetting, burettes and titration. It will be of particular relevance to laboratory managers, training managers, practising analysts, teachers, lecturers and students.
35 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £150.00 + VAT
Cost: £50 (academic/non-commercial organisations) + VAT
Cost: $325.00
Cost: $109.00 (academic/non-commercial organisations)
Package cost: £250.00/$542 for Basic Laboratory Skills and Further Laboratory Skills
Further Laboratory Skills is the second of two training videos produced by the LGC. Designed to meet common staff training requirements, this video builds on the fundamental techniques already covered in Basic Laboratory Skills.
Topics covered compliment those of weighing, pipetting, use of burettes and titration covered in the previous video, and include modern laboratory practice, handling and treatment of laboratory samples, solvent extraction, drying and ashing of samples, and rotary evaporation. Whether used on its own or in conjunction with Basic Laboratory Skills, Further Laboratory Skills will provide the most cost-effective training so much in demand by today's quality conscious analytical laboratory.
57 minutes. 1998 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £150.00 + VAT
Cost: £50 (academic/non-commercial organisations) + VAT
Cost: $325.00
Cost: $109.00 (academic/non-commercial organisations)
Package cost: £250.00/$542 for Basic Laboratory Skills and Further Laboratory Skills
Confidence In Analysis is an educational package, comprising a video and booklet, which looks at the way analysts establish confidence in the validity of their results. The video explains why it is important for analysts to be able to associate a level of confidence with their results. It follows through a complex multi-stage analysis from sampling to reporting, and shows how the (unavoidable) uncertainty in each stage can be estimated. The accompanying booklet deals with the principles which underlie measurement uncertainty, and provides more information on the practical aspects of estimating uncertainty.
The package will be interesting to all analysts who are concerned with the quality of their measurements, and to everyone who uses the results of analytical measurements in areas such as legislation, quality control, research, and trade in goods and services.
30 minutes. 1995 PAL VHS/NTSC format
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Produced by the LGC in support of the UK national measurement system.
This video and booklet package looks at how the international analytical community is striving to improve and standardise its techniques and results. This package will educate scientists at many levels about chemical measurement, and in doing so will stimulate useful discussion.
Increasing world trade has lead to more chemical analyses being performed. These analyses are performed by supplier and buyer using in - house and independent analytical chemists. For free trade to occur there must be trust and confidence in the results of both sets analyses that is they must be comparable.
This programme discusses one option for that agreement - that of traceability. This is being able to trace the method and results of a particular analysis from the test procedure and the working chemical reference materials, through secondary and primary methods and reference materials to finally the SI units and the standard mole.
In the program, the analysis of steel by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used as an example. Each stage of the analysis, from weighing to the final analysis, is looked at to see if it is traceable back to an agreed standard.
All the above is viewed from the point of chemical metrology - the science of chemical measurement.
Produced as part of the DTI VAM Initiative.
18 minutes. 1995 PAL VHS tape
Cost: £35.00 + VAT
Cost: $75.00
This soft book uses interactive training methods to teach the analytical chemist to understand and use the statistics their discipline demands, taking the trainee step by step through the various statistical techniques. Each technique has a worked example and allows the trainees to enter their own data are either manually from the keyboard or as a .csv file. The SoftBook contains the following sections: introduction; measurement; significance testing; sampling; regression; methods; experimental design; and questions and answers.
Expected 2001
Cost: £
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