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Critical Review
Article citation: Aigars Piruska, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b900409m
Nanofluidics in chemical analysis
Aigars Piruska, Maojun Gong, Jonathan V. Sweedler and Paul W. Bohn
Nanofluidic architectures and devices have already had a major impact on forefront problems in chemical analysis, especially those involving mass-limited samples. This critical review begins with a discussion of the fundamental flow physics that distinguishes nanoscale structures from their larger microscale analogs, especially the concentration polarization that develops at nanofluidic/microfluidic interfaces. Chemical manipulations in nanopores include nanopore-mediated separations, microsensors, especially resistive-pulse sensing of biomacromolecules, fluidic circuit analogs and single molecule measurements. Coupling nanofluidic structures to three-dimensional microfluidic networks is especially powerful and results in applications in sample preconcentration, nanofluidic injection/collection and fast diffusive mixing (160 references).
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