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Paper
J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 331 - 337, DOI: 10.1039/b915841c
Formation of the ST12 phase in nanocrystalline Ge at ambient pressure
Suk Jun Kim, Ong Khac Quy, Ling-Shao Chang, Eric A. Stach, Carol A. Handwerker and Alexander Wei
Amorphous nanophase germanium can crystallize into a high-energy tetragonal phase (Ge-III/ST12) upon thermal annealing, particularly when prepared by the naphthalide-mediated reduction of GeCl4 and subsequent treatment with t-BuMgCl. The formation of ST12-Ge is typically associated with high pressure, yet the nucleation and coalescence of this phase can be observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy at low pressure and at temperatures well below 200 °C, and can persist at temperatures of up to 500 °C. The low coalescence temperature of nanophase ST12-Ge suggests its compatibility with applications in direct-print electronics.
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