File Name : fig.s1 sem.tif

Caption : fig. s1 fesem images of (a) tna, (b) bvo/tna, (c) ni-bvo/tna, and (d) n-bvo/n-tna samples.

File Name : figs2-tem.tif

Caption : fig. s2 tem images for (a, b) doped tna and (d, e) doped bvo microscopic structure of n,ni-bvo/n-tna photoanode. (c, f) hr-tem images obtained from fig. s2b and s2e, respectively.

File Name : figs3-xps-survey.tif

Caption : fig. s3 xps survey spectra of undoped and doped bvo/tna photoanodes.

File Name : figs4-xps.tif

Caption : fig. s4 high resolution xps bi 4f (a), v 2p (b), ti 2p (c) and o 1s (d) spectra of n,ni-bvo/n-tna photoanode.

File Name : figs5-raman.tif

Caption : fig. s5 raman spectra of undoped and doped bvo/tna photoanodes.

File Name : figs6 temp-sample_vis.tif

Caption : fig. s6 thermal effect of all photoanodes in 0.5 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph=7) solution under visible light.

File Name : fig. s7 stability.tif

Caption : fig. s7 long-time tpd over co-doped photoanode under vis-ir light illumination.

File Name : figs8fe.tif

Caption : fig. s8 faradaic efficiency of n,ni-bvo/n-tna photoanode for hydrogen and oxygen evolution.

File Name : figs9-pl.tif

Caption : fig. s9 pl spectra of undoped and doped bvo/tna photoanodes under vis-ir light.

File Name : figs10-eis__.tif

Caption : fig. s10 eis plots of all bvo/tna photoanodes at the open circuit potential under vis-ir light illumination at the constant solution temperatures.

File Name : figs11-lsv.tif

Caption : fig. s11 lsv curves of all photoanodes (a) with na2so3 under dark and vis-ir light. (b) charge transfer efficiencies (ηtrans) at the photoanode/electrolyte interface of undoped and doped samples when the solution temperatures are stable. the solid lines: photocurrent; the dash lines: dark current in fig. s11a.

File Name : figs12-cv-esca.tif

Caption : fig. s12 cvs of (a) undoped and (b) co-doped photoanodes measured in a non-faradaic region (0.20-0.30 v vs. rhe) at different scan rates. (c) charging current density differences of anodic and cathodic currents (δj = ja−jc) vs. the scan rate of different photoanodes.

File Name : figs13-xpsvb_m-s.tif

Caption : fig. s13 (a) m-s plots measured at the steady solution temperatures and (b) xps-vb spectra of all bvo/tna photoanodes.

File Name : figs14-______.tif

Caption : fig. s14 energy band alignment of all photoanodes: (a) bvo/tna, (b) ni-bvo/tna, (c) n-bvo/n-tna, (d) n,ni-bvo/n-tna.