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["Table S1. Top-performing catalysts",{"$nulls":25},"Calculations"]
["Index","Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[{"$f":"1","v":1},"50 μm Cu-exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3 'mixed matrix membrane' toplayer, on a PVA/Chitosan midlayer, on a commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder underlayer, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL (exact conditions ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu","Chitosan, Cu exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3, polyvinylalcohol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Complex-overlayer/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",98,null,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V7,2))","v":98},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S7=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J7=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L7=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I7),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I7),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I7),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S7=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V7,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$f":"A7+1","v":2},"Commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Chitosan","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Chitosan/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.53 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",94,null,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",94,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S8=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J8=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L8=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I8),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I8),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I8),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I8),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I8),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S8=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V8,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,AA7:AA873,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$AA$7:$AA$873"}]
[{"$f":"A8+1","v":3},"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm), on a GDL with custom MPL, hotpressed onto a Nafion membrane","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",93,null,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, A. Irabien, Tailoring gas-phase CO2 electroreduction selectivity to hydrocarbons at Cu nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 29, 014001 (2018).",93,null,0,0,1]
[4,"CuOx supported on ZnO , on carbon paper (TGP-H-60)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-supported/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Platinized Ti",25,1,"CO2","-2.5 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",91,null,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, J. Solla-Gullón, V. Montiel, A. Irabien, Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion. Journal of CO2 Utilization 31, 135-142 (2019).",91,null,0,0,1,null,"Unique papers"]
[5,"Nafion overlayer covering a catalyst layer comprised of electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-602\nmA/cm2",89,null,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",89,null,1,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":635}]
[6,"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",87,null,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",87,null,1,0,1]
[7,"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-368\nmA/cm2",86,null,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",86,null,1,0,1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[8,"Electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating (without Nafion toplayer), on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-179\nmA/cm2",86,null,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",86,null,0,1,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":867}]
[9,"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",85,null,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",85,null,0,0,1]
[10,"KOH anodization-derived CuO nanoplate on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanoplate arrays","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2@Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.81 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",84,null,"W. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays. Nature Communications 13, 1877 (2022).",84,null,1,0,1,null,"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
[11,"TiO2 NPs supported on V/Cu-based layered double hydroxide, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, V, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/V,Cu_LDH","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",84,null,"Lavate, S. S. & Srivastava, R. Boosting ethylene yield via a synergistic 2D/0D nanostructured VCu layered double hydroxide/TiO2 catalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Energy Advances, doi:10.1039/D4YA00417E (2024).",84,null,0,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":324}]
[12,"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defective CuO NSs-1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",83,null,"B. Zhang et al., Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 13606-13613 (2020).",83,null,0,0,1]
[13,"Pre-reduced, CuO-derived Cu quantum dots (5 nm), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_quantum-dots","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",82,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Enhanced Local CO Coverage on Cu Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2417764, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417764.",82,null,1,0,1,null,"CORR systems"]
[14,"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on \"GDE\"","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",82,null,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",82,null,1,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":105}]
[15,"Ultrathin (ca. 4.8 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuNi nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on Ti mesh","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ni_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-470\nmA/cm2",81,null,"Y. Yan et al., Ultrathin CuNi Nanosheets for CO2 Reduction and O2 Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells. ACS Materials Letters 3, 1143-1150 (2021).",81,null,0,0,1]
[16,"Ultrathin (ca. 46.3 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuCo nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Co_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",81,null,"Y. Yan et al., Atomic-thin hexagonal CuCo nanocrystals with d-band tuning for CO2 reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 7496-7502 (2021).",81,null,0,0,1,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
[17,"Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,null,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024).",81,null,0,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":255}]
[18,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-710\nmA/cm2",80,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",80,null,1,0,1]
[19,"CNP and graphite layer on top of chemically etched co-sputtered Cu/Al layer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",80,null,"M. Zhong et al., Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 581, 178-183 (2020).",80,null,1,0,1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[20,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?\n40% CO, 60% N2","CO","?","?",80,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",80,null,0,1,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":116}]
[21,"CuO NPs coated with 1-dodecanethiol, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, 1-dodecanethiol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1-dodecanethiol/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",80,null,"Y. Yao et al., A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights. Nature Communications 15, 1257 (2024).",80,null,1,0,1]
[22,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2","79†_Cu-Al,1",null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",79,null,0,0,1]
[23,"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",78,null,"H. P. Duong et al., Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 12, 10285-10293 (2022).",78,null,0,1,1]
[24,"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","-","(n/a)","FBAPK-13","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt",25,1,"CO2","-1.75 V\nvs. ANODE","-113\nmA/cm2",78,null,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",78,null,1,0,1]
[25,"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-110\nmA/cm2",78,null,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",78,null,1,0,1]
[26,"CO2RR pre-activated defective Cu NWs, on glassy carbon (tested in semi-pulsed electrolysis mode)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defect/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil",25,1,"CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",77,null,"C. Choi et al., Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Nature Catalysis 3, 804-812 (2020).",77,null,0,0,1]
[27,"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on GDL","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR vs. RHE","- 305 mA/cm2","77",null,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",77,null,1,0,1]
[28,"Ionic liquid-coated Cu-MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid)2), on glassy carbon","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), 1-Butyl-3-\nmethylimidazolium nitrate (BmimNO3)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",77,null,"Y. Sha et al., Anchoring Ionic Liquid in Copper Electrocatalyst for Improving CO2 Conversion to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202200039 (2022).",77,null,0,0,1]
[29,"Porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",76,null,0,1,1]
[30,"Dilute Cu/Pd alloy (1.4 at. % Pd) prepared via co-electrodeposition, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",76,null,0,0,1]
[31,"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",76,null,0,1,1]
[32,"Ag foil coated with Cu NP Nafion ink","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Nafion-Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,null,"Akter, T., et al. (2022). \"Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction inside a Membrane with Enhanced Selectivity for Ethylene.\" The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126(24): 10045-10052.",76,null,0,0,1]
[33,"Prepared by electrodepositing Cu on Ag surfaces","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electro/Cu_NPs/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon electrode","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,null,"Akter, T. and C. J. Barile (2023). \"Membrane-controlled CO2 electrocatalysts with switchable C2 product selectivity and high faradaic efficiency for ethanol.\" ",76,null,0,0,1]
[34,"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-144\nmA/cm2",75,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",75,null,1,0,1]
[35,"Star shaped {322}-rich Cu2O large NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{322}-rich Cu2O particles","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",74,null,"H. Luo, B. Li, J.-G. Ma, P. Cheng, Surface Modification of Nano-Cu2O for Controlling CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Ethylene and Syngas. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202116736 (2022).",74,null,0,0,1]
[36,"Brass foil (62% Cu, 37% Zn, trace amounts of Fe, Pb, Sn) with Nafion/PVDF (70:30 wt%) overlayer","Alloyed/Doped, Overlayer","Cu, Zn","Nafion, PVDF","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Coated-Brass","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V\nvs. RHE","?",74,null,"H. Pan, T. Akter, C. J. Barile, Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Zinc and Brass with Modulated Proton Transfer Using Membrane-Modified Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 12860-12868 (2022).",74,null,0,0,1]
[37,"N-doped CuOx NPs derived from calcination of Cu(OH)3NO3 precursor at 350 °C, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep-FAA-\n3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-962†_oxidic,2\nmA/cm2",73,null,"H. Tao, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Min, Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2991-2996 (2023).",73,null,1,0,1]
[38,"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",73,null,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",73,null,1,0,1]
[39,"N1-/N3-substituted imidazolium-based overlayer on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","N1-substituted (1,10-\nphenanthrolinyl) and N3-substituted (n-butyl) imidazolium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N1/3-sub_imidazolium/Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co.,\nLtd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",73,null,"B. Cheng et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 27823-27832 (2022).",73,null,0,0,1]
[40,"{220}-facet rich CuI nanodots (5.3 nm) prepared via in-situ reduction of (Cu(OH)2) NPs on carbon paper GDL in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuI_nanodot","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK -130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",72,null,"W. Xue et al., Operando reconstruction towards stable CuI nanodots with favorable facets for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Science China Chemistry 66, 1834-1843 (2023).",72,null,0,0,1]
[41,"Cu NPs encapsulated in mesoporous Ni-SAC functionalized carbon, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-C/Ni/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-406\nmA/cm2",72,null,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",72,null,0,0,1]
[42,"Ag-doped La2-xAgxCuO4-δ NPs (x=0.2) with oxygen vacancies, on Toray carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, La","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/La2CuO4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",72,null,"Dong, G. et al. Boosting the CO2 electroreduction performance of La2-xAgxCuO4-δ perovskites via A-site substitution mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 342, 123444, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123444 (2024).",72,null,0,0,1]
[43,"CuOx NPs (large size distribution) mixed with PTFE, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl + 50 mM benzyl alcohol","- flow\n- stirring","FKB PK 130","(AEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",72,null,"Y. Wang et al., Benzyl alcohol promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and C2 production by Cu2O/Cu. Chemical Engineering Journal 485, 149800 (2024).",72,null,0,0,1]
[44,"N-arylpyridinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)\nbispyridinium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",72,null,"F. Li et al., Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 577, 509-513 (2020).",72,null,0,0,1]
[45,"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-433\nmA/cm2",72,null,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",72,null,1,0,1]
[46,"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",71,null,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",71,null,1,0,1]
[47,"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-207\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",71,null,1,0,1]
[48,"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-312\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[49,"CuOx nanocubes/rectangles supported on Al2O3 nanosheets having an Al2CuO2 interface layer, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Al2CuO2-interface/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",71,null,"X. Wang et al., Identifying an Interfacial Stabilizer for Regeneration-Free 300 h Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 22759-22766 (2022).",71,null,0,0,1]
[50,"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-20","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",71,null,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",71,null,1,0,1]
[51,"Single atom Cu supported on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, C, Ti","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC_Ti3C2Tx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",71,null,"H. Bao et al., Isolated copper single sites for high-performance electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 12, 238 (2021).",71,null,0,1,1]
[52,"Cu2O NPs supported on CNTs modified with Cu-based COF, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-COF/CNTs/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",71,null,"He, Q. et al. Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual-Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic-Tandem Strategy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202407090, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407090 (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[53,"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,null,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",71,null,1,0,1]
[54,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on carbon cloth","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[55,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",70,null,1,0,1]
[56,"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.45 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",70,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",70,null,0,0,1]
[57,"Iodine-doped copper oxychloride NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOCl","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",20,"?","CO2","-1.71 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",70,null,"H. Bai et al., Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction. Science Bulletin 66, 62-68 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[58,"Wet-chemical induced (NaOH / (NH4)2S2O8) high roughness nanoporous CuOx layer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Chemical/CuOx_porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.1 M L-ascorbate†_oxidic,6","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,40,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",70,null,"W. Yang et al., Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 85, 102-107 (2023).",70,null,0,1,1]
[59,"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V\nvs. RHE","-63\nmA/cm2",70,null,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",70,null,0,0,1]
[60,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO2","-2.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",70,null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",70,null,1,0,1]
[61,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",70,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",70,null,1,0,1]
[62,"Cold H2 plasma-treated porous mixed CoOx/CuOx, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Porous-CoOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",70,null,"J. Wang et al., Cold plasma activated Cu–Co multi-active centers tandem catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 into C2H4. Vacuum 222, 113017 (2024).",70,null,0,0,1]
[63,"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",70,null,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[64,"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[65,"In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Activated/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,null,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V71,2))","v":70},null,0,0,1]
[66,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",70,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S72=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J72=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L72=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I72),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I72),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I72),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I72),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I72),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S72=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V72,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A72+1","v":67},"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-280\nmA/cm2",70,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",70,null,1,0,1]
[68,"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",70,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",70,null,0,0,1]
[69,"80-100 nm Cu2−xS NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, S","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","90nm-Cu2Sx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate (?)","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",69,null,"C. He et al., Cu2−xS derived copper nanoparticles: A platform for unraveling the role of surface reconstruction in efficient electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Nano Research 16, 4494-4498 (2021).",69,null,0,0,1]
[70,"Cu nanoneedles electrodeposited on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + x mM HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",69,null,"X. Zi et al., Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202309351.",69,null,0,0,1]
[71,"Cu/Ag obtained using magnetron sputtering, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu52Ag48","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-","-451 mA/cm2",69,null,"Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). \"Enhanced interfacial effect-induced asymmetric coupling boost electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 344: 123666.",69,null,1,0,1]
[72,"Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt\"","2†_Cu-C-supported,3","?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,null,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990).",69,null,1,0,1]
[73,"Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode","TMC, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,null,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023).",69,null,0,0,1]
[74,"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",69,null,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",69,null,0,0,1]
[75,"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.4 V \nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",69,null,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",69,null,0,0,1]
[76,"Branched/'spikey' CuO NPs derived from NH3-treated Cu2O NCs supported on Ketjen black, on on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Branched_CuO_NPs-NH3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J. Kim et al., Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 6986-6994 (2019).",68,null,0,0,1]
[77,"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-59 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/SS","?","?","CO","-3.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-100\nmA/cm2",68,null,"N.-H. Tran et al., Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 and CO Reduction via Engineering Membrane Electrode Assembly with Porous Dendritic Copper Oxide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 31933-31941 (2022).",68,null,0,1,1]
[78,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO","-0.56 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",68,null,0,1,1]
[79,"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, B-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/Shell","Cu, C, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_B/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",68,null,1,0,1]
[80,"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",68,null,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",68,null,1,0,1]
[81,"Right bipyramidal {100}-rich Cu NPs with stacking faults, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bipyramidal/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Z. Li et al., Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 19932-19939 (2021).",67,null,1,0,1]
[82,"Metallic Cu NPs mixed with PTFE, dropcast on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti sheet","?","?","CO","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",67,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",67,null,0,1,1]
[83,"Cu3(PO4)2-derived Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2 NS-derived Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.48 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",67,null,"B. Zhang et al., Steering CO2 electroreduction toward methane or ethylene production. Nano Energy 88, 106239 (2021).",67,null,0,0,1]
[84,"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",67,null,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",67,null,1,0,1]
[85,"{111}-facet rich octahedral Cu2O NPs supported on hydroxl-rich acetylene black carbon, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","OH-C/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Y. Gao et al., Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite. Small 18, 2105212 (2022).",67,null,0,0,1]
[86,"Electroplated (1 C/cm2) Cu2O from lactic-acid containing bath, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lactate/Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-183\nmA/cm2",67,null,"D. Anastasiadou, M. Schellekens, M. de Heer, S. Verma, E. Negro, Electrodeposited Cu2O Films on Gas Diffusion Layers for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 6, 3928-3932 (2019).",67,null,1,0,1]
[87,"Vulcan XC-72 toplayer on Co-TMC midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-420\nmA/cm2",67,null,"X. Kong et al., Understanding the Effect of *CO Coverage on C–C Coupling toward CO2 Electroreduction. Nano Letters 22, 3801-3808 (2022).",67,null,1,0,1]
[88,"Cu NCs doped with AgNO3, on solid substrate","Cubes, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","0-Cu2O/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-27 mA/cm2",67,null,"Dong, G., et al. (2023). \"Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides.\" Materials Reports: Energy 3(2): 100195.",67,null,0,0,1]
[89,"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,null,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",67,null,0,0,1]
[90,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-80†_Cu-multi_element,1\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",67,null,0,0,1]
[91,"Hydrophobic Cu NPs electroplated from a PTFE-containing solution, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",67,null,"T. Deng et al., Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202313796 (2024).",67,null,0,0,1]
[92,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",66,null,1,0,1]
[93,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",66,null,1,0,1]
[94,"Cu3N-derived Cu NWs, on copper foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/Cu NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Y. Mi et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2 Products over Cu3N-Derived Cu Nanowires. ChemElectroChem 6, 2393-2397 (2019).",66,null,0,0,1]
[95,"CuOx NPs electrodeposited in the presence of CTAB, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CTAB/plate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Platinized Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",66,null,"A. Stalinraja, K. Gopalram, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products—effect of surfactant on copper electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,  (2023).",66,null,0,0,1]
[96,"In-situ reduced porous CuOx NPs derived from hydrothermal synthesis with tetrapropylammonium, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-536\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Jiao, J. et al. Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202409563, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409563 (2024).",66,null,1,0,1]
[97,"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V\nvs. RHE","-101\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",66,null,1,0,1]
[98,"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",66,null,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",66,null,0,0,1]
[99,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",65,null,1,0,1]
[100,"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","2.5 M KOH","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",65,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",65,null,1,0,1]
[101,"Non-swelling anion exchange ionomer (AEI)-modified electroreduced CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","AEI: Xenergy Pention D 18, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanosheets with AEI binder","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.78 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",65,null,"Y. Zhao et al., Industrial-Current-Density CO2-to-C2+ Electroreduction by Anti-swelling Anion-Exchange Ionomer-Modified Oxide-Derived Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 10446-10454 (2022).",65,null,1,0,1]
[102,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",65,null,1,0,1]
[103,"CuOx NP nanospheres, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx nanospheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",65,null,"J. Li et al., Constraining CO coverage on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nature Catalysis 2, 1124-1131 (2019).",65,null,0,1,1]
[104,"Anodization-dirived Cu2O NWs on Cu-sputtered FTO glass","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. H. Shah et al., New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction over oxide-derived copper. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, 2046-2053 (2020).",65,null,0,0,1]
[105,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu NCs on hollow tubular novelty GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tubular/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.7,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-740\nmA/cm2",65,null,"H. Rabiee et al., Tuning flow-through cu-based hollow fiber gas-diffusion electrode for high-efficiency carbon monoxide (CO) electroreduction to C2+products. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 330, 122589 (2023).",65,null,0,1,1]
[106,"Homogeneously dispersed Si(II)Ox clusters with Cu NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Aquivion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-331\nmA/cm2",65,null,"J. Li et al., Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nature Communications 12, 2808 (2021).",65,null,1,0,1]
[107,"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,null,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",65,null,1,0,1]
[108,"Electroplated Cu (90 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work[insert ref]), with N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine (Py) midlayer and hydrophobic (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x short sidechain (SSC) ionomer toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine, (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated Cu:Py:SCC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37–50 grade 60","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh",25,"?","CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-164\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. Ozden et al., Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene. Joule 5, 706-719 (2021).",65,null,0,1,1]
[109,"Cu2P2O7 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2P2O7_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",64,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[110,"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",64,null,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[111,"Pd NP-decorated (50 nm) cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",64,null,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[112,"Cu NP layer (0.8 mg/cm2) with Fe-N/C overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Fe, C, N","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.38 V\nvs. ANODE","-1200\nmA/cm2",64,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",64,null,1,0,1]
[113,"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs (Cu:Ce ratio of 7:1), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-600\nmA/cm2",64,null,"Yang, S., Sun, F., Cao, R. & Cao, M. Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07887J (2025).",64,null,1,0,1]
[114,"Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,null,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018).",64,null,0,0,1]
[115,"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,null,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023).",64,null,1,0,1]
[116,"Partially reduced, thermally annealed/oxidized electroplated Cu nanodendrites, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-Vo-dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V (no iR)\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",63,null,"Z. Gu et al., Oxygen Vacancy Tuning toward Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019).",63,null,0,0,1]
[117,"Ultrasonic-assisted defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.52 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",63,null,"J. Zhang et al., Grain Boundary-Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 9, 2200454 (2022).",63,null,1,0,1]
[118,"In-situ formed Cu NPs supported on CuO nanosheets, on hydrophobic carbon cloth","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C_cloth/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"from Fumasep\"","(CEM)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Home-made DSA","?","?","CO2","-2.82 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",63,null,"C. Kang et al., Acidic chloride electrolyte mediates the high conversion ratio of CO2-to-C2H4 and direct production of Cl2. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 8, 1730-1739 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[119,"Ni-SAC layer on top of sputtered Cu layer, on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion (?)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",63,null,"J. Chen et al., Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202215406 (2023).",63,null,1,0,1]
[120,"ZrO2 supported on Cu-Cu2O NPs prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",63,null,"P.-P. Guo et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Green Chemistry 24, 1527-1533 (2022).",63,null,0,0,1]
[121,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",63,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",63,null,1,0,1]
[122,"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,null,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",63,null,0,0,1]
[123,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd/Ag NPs (20-50 nm, 0.49 and 0.39 wt%, respectively), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd,Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",63,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[124,"Cu2O NPs coated with a carboxylic-acid terminated C12 alkyl chain, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, HOOC-(CHy)n-COOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alkyl-chain/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",63,null,"Li, W. et al. Confined Intermediates Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 14, 13400-13407, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02823 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[125,"In-situ reconstruction-driven (2D) defective CuO NWs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-324\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",62,null,1,0,1]
[126,"In-situ reconstructed defective CuO NWs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-524\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",62,null,1,0,1]
[127,"Ni-N/C layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-593\nmA/cm2",62,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",62,null,1,0,1]
[128,"Cu NPs supported on Ni-SAC mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",62,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[129,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in a Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline, MOF","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","?: -1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-125\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V135,2))","v":62},null,0,1,1]
[130,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",62,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S136=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J136=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L136=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I136),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I136),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I136),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I136),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I136),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S136=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V136,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A136+1","v":131},"In-situ generated Cu NPs from 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based Cu-TMC, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-1.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Kim, D. et al. Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 27701-27712, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c09230 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[132,"Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,null,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[133,"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",62,null,1,0,1]
[134,"Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM, 0.25 wt%) coated CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PSMIM/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-119\nmA/cm2",62,null,"D. Wang et al., Regulating the local microenvironment on porous Cu nanosheets for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 11968-11974 (2024).",62,null,1,0,1]
[135,"Core/shell-type particles comprising a carbon core with a CuOx shell coated with a PTFE layer, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, C, O","PTFE, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx+C_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-230\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Liu, W. et al. Electron-rich Cu0-Cu2O heterogeneous interface constructed via controllable electrochemical reconstruction for a single CO2 deep-reduction product ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 348, 123831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.123831 (2024).",62,null,1,0,1]
[136,"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-316\nmA/cm2",62,null,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",62,null,1,0,1]
[137,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",61,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",61,null,1,0,1]
[138,"Metal–organic polyhedra-derived hollow CuOx NP based spheres","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow CuOx spheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-143\nmA/cm2",61,null,"R.-X. Yang et al., Self-Assembly of Hydroxyl Metal–Organic Polyhedra and Polymer into Cu-Based Hollow Spheres for Product-Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Small Structures 2, 2100012 (2021).",61,null,1,0,1]
[139,"Cu3N NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",61,null,"H. Wang et al., Cu3N nanoparticles with both (100) and (111) facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 12523-12529 (2022).",61,null,0,0,1]
[140,"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech, FAA-3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-1000\nmA/cm2",61,null,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[141,"Hollow Cu2O NPs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",61,null,1,0,1]
[142,"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on Ta-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O, Ta","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-253\nmA/cm2",61,null,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",61,null,1,0,1]
[143,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","?","?",61,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",61,null,0,1,1]
[144,"Lattice-strained, Zn-doped CuO NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Wu, X. et al. Modification of the CuO electronic structure for enhanced selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 17, 7194-7202, doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6708-0 (2024).",61,null,1,0,1]
[145,"Ultralow (single atom, 0.36 wt%) surface Pd-doped Cu NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-SAA/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",61,null,0,0,1]
[146,"Cu NPs mixed with Ni-SAC, on homemade GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam/plate",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-308\nmA/cm2",61,null,"L. Li et al., Hydrophobicity graded gas diffusion electrode with enhanced CO intermediate coverage for high-performance electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 331, 122597 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[147,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from reconstruction of Cu-tannic acid NSs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.16 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",61,null,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[148,"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-208\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Cao, Y. et al. Stimulating the C−C coupling ability of ultrafine copper nanoclusters via nitrogen coordination for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124704, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124704 (2025).",61,null,1,0,1]
[149,"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","? (X37–50 Grade 60)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-37\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",60,null,1,0,1]
[150,"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",60,null,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",60,null,1,0,1]
[151,"Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Wang et al., Copper Nanocubes for CO2 Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Nano Letters 19, 8461-8468 (2019).",60,null,1,0,1]
[152,"Metallic Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",60,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed 61, e202213423 (2022).",60,null,0,1,1]
[153,"O2 plasma-treated (2 min, 20 W) Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",60,null,"H. Mistry et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nature Communications 7, 12123 (2016).",60,null,0,0,1]
[154,"Cu3N NCs_20nm supported on Ketjen Carbon, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, C","Polyvinylidene\nfluoride (PVDF)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NCs_25nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Yin et al., Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Nano Letters 19, 8658-8663 (2019).",60,null,0,0,1]
[155,"Hybrid material composed of graphene oxide nanodots on CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GO-nanodot/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA–PK–130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",60,null,"R. Du et al., Cu-C(O) Interfaces Deliver Remarkable Selectivity and Stability for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products at Industrial Current Density of 500 mA cm−2. Small 19, 2301289 (2023).",60,null,1,0,1]
[156,"Nitridized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",60,null,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",60,null,0,1,1]
[157,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",60,null,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",60,null,0,0,1]
[158,"Cu2(OH)2CO3 NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2(OH)2CO3_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Gao et al., Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Advanced Science n/a, 2308949.",60,null,0,0,1]
[159,"Plasma-fluorinated Cu sputter-deposited on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.57 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, H. Xie, L. Wen, Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Copper via Plasma Fluorination. Advanced Science n/a, 2309963.",60,null,1,0,1]
[160,"Surface Pd-doped (\"6.2%\") Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu-PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Xie, Y. et al. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nature Catalysis 5, 564-570, doi:10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[161,"Cu NWs from ACS Materials doped with AgNO3, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-63 doped Cu-nanowire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperIon 40 μm","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL",30,"?","CO2","-3.2 V cell potential","-80 mA/cm2",60,null,"Jiang, R., et al. (2023). \"Copper-Nanowires Incorporated with Silver-Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Reduction in Alkaline Zero Gap Electrolyzer.\" ACS Applied Energy Materials 6(20): 10475-10486.",60,null,1,0,1]
[162,"La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,null,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021).",60,null,0,0,1]
[163,"Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,null,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017).",60,null,0,0,1]
[164,"Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,null,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023).",60,null,0,0,1]
[165,"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C, N, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",60,null,0,0,1]
[166,"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,null,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[167,"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",60,null,0,0,1]
[168,"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu2O NCs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu2O-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",60,null,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[169,"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","0.15 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",60,null,1,0,1]
[170,"25 nm Cu NPs/nafion mix sprayed on top of nafion pre-covered Cu-sputtered PTFE nanowires","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/Nafion-modified PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",60,null,"F. P. G. d. Arquer et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2. Science 367, 661-666 (2020).",60,null,1,0,1]
[171,"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with poly(Lys, Phe), with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","poly(Lys, Phe)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Amine/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-2.3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-200\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",60,null,0,0,1]
[172,"Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",59,null,"W. Ren, A. Xu, K. Chan, X. Hu, A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202214173 (2022).",59,null,0,0,1]
[173,"Cu NWs after 15 h synthesis, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-123\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Over a Wide Potential Window by Copper Nanowires with High Density of Defects. Inorganic Chemistry 61, 20666-20673 (2022).",59,null,1,0,1]
[174,"Truncated octahedral Cu2O NPs having both {100} and {111} exposed facets supported on Carbon Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{100}/{111}-rich Cu2O NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Gao et al., Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 7, 1902820 (2020).",59,null,0,0,1]
[175,"{100}-rich sputtered Cu in presence of gaseous O2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}-rich CuOx-film","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Activated Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.75 V\nvs. RHE","-122\nmA/cm2",59,null,"G. Zhang et al., Efficient CO2 electroreduction on facet-selective copper films with high conversion rate. Nature Communications 12, 5745 (2021).",59,null,1,0,1]
[176,"Multi-shelled (\"4.4\") Cu2O spheres, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Shelled/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Xiao et al., Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2302556 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[177,"Cu-metal/CuOx co-catalyst NPs with intimate interfacial contact, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Carbon bot\" (= rod?)","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Liu, H. et al. Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404123, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404123 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[178,"Highly tensile strained Cu(100) NCs with boron nitride shell grown on top, mixed with CNPs and PTFE, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, B, N","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE-CNP/BN-shell_Cu_NC-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl (\"pH = 1\", according to paper)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2"," -2.75 V\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Liu, Q. et al. Highly Tensile Strained Cu(100) Surfaces by Epitaxial Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Nano Letters 24, 13741-13746, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03863 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[179,"Mg-doped CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Ji, Q. et al. Establishing Active Cu+–O–Mg2+ Sites at the Cu2O/CuO Interface for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Materials Letters, 333-342, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02319 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[180,"Nanosheet arrays containing homogeneously mixed Zn & Cu domains (Cu:Zn ratio of 24:76 via XPS), on Cu foam","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Zn/Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,1,"CO2","-1.14 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",59,null,"X. Zhang et al., Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO2 electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 368-377 (2023).",59,null,0,0,1]
[181,"Ni electroplated on Cu NW array-modified GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, overlayer","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-432\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Xu, K. et al. Nanowire arrays with abundant Cu–Ni interfaces for electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chemical Engineering Journal 498, 155831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155831 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[182,"In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[183,"Electroplated Cu on top of polyaniline pre-functionalized carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",59,null,"S. Jia et al., Hierarchical Metal–Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 10977-10982 (2021).",59,null,0,0,1]
[184,"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-134\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",58,null,1,0,1]
[185,"Electroreduced KOH-derived Cu(OH)2 nanorods on Cu-sputtered carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2-derived Cu-CP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe-LDH/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",58,null,"D. Zhong et al., Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 4879-4885 (2021).",58,null,1,0,1]
[186,"Porous/partially hollow core/shell Cu2O microparticles,  on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Core/shell_Cu2O-micro","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-260\nmA/cm2",58,null,"J. Lu et al., Nanoconfinement Effects of Yolk–Shell Cu2O Catalyst for Improved C2+ Selectivity and Cu+ Stability in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 20746-20756 (2023).",58,null,1,0,1]
[187,"O2-driven oxidized Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O2/CuOx-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z. Lyu et al., Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 1909-1915 (2021).",58,null,0,0,1]
[188,"{111}/{100} grain boundary-rich hexagonal-polyhedral Cu2O MPs (ca. 2 μm), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z.-x. Yang et al., Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O. Catalysis Communications 174, 106595 (2023).",58,null,0,0,1]
[189,"Crystalline CuO NPs embedded in amorphous\nCuO nanoflakes, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-amorphous/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",58,null,"D. Zhao et al., Amorphous-Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 15, e202201413 (2023).",58,null,0,0,1]
[190,"Cu2(OH)2CO3 MPs with amorphous layer induced by 15 min microwave treatment, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph/Cu2(OH)2CO3_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt plat\" (= plate?)",25,"?","CO2","-2.0 V\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Wang, J. et al. Microwave-induced surface amorphization of Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst promotes multi-carbon products selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Science China Chemistry, doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2326-7 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[191,"Water-optimized CO2 feed reduction on Cu2O/Cu co-catalyst NPs derived from Cu2O/CuO precursor, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, quaternary ammonia polysulphone (aQAPS-S14)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","aQAPS-S14/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",58,null,"He, X. et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds. Nature Communications 15, 9923, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54282-2 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[192,"Oxygen-vacancy rich B-doped CuO ‘nanobundles’ (nanowires + nanosheets), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Q. Wan et al., Boron-doped CuO nanobundles for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 2750-2754 (2020).",58,null,0,0,1]
[193,"Ni-doped (1.2 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-65\nmA/cm2",58,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V199,2))","v":58},null,0,0,1]
[194,"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",58,null,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",58,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S200=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J200=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L200=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I200),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I200),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I200),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S200=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V200,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A200+1","v":195},"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[196,"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-85†_Cu-Ag,1 mA/cm2",58,null,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[197,"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Chang, F. et al. Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO2/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction. Carbon Energy n/a, e588, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.588.",58,null,0,0,1]
[198,"Cu8Zn6Mn alloy (89.3:1.53:3.92 at. %) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-758\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",58,null,1,0,1]
[199,"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) coated with a 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole shell, on a GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole, Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt network","?","?","CO2","-2.08 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Jiang, Y. et al. Impact of Adsorbed CO on the Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene on 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole Coordinated Cu. ACS Catal 14, 9870-9876, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02042 (2024).",58,null,0,0,1]
[200,"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-358\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",58,null,1,0,1]
[201,"Cu nanorods (control sample), on GDL (poorly described synthesis, inaccurate reference)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_nanorod","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",57,null,"H. Huo, J. Wang, Q. Fan, Y. Hu, J. Yang, Cu-MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2102447 (2021).",57,null,1,0,1]
[202,"Fragmented Cu2O NPs of originally 20 nm supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragmented/Cu2O_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",57,null,"H. Jung et al., Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C–C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 4624-4633 (2019).",57,null,0,0,1]
[203,"Cu(OH)Cl-derived Cu/Cl, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cl","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",57,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",57,null,1,0,1]
[204,"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",57,null,1,0,1]
[205,"In-situ electroplated CuOx in Br-containing electrolyte, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr + 0.01 M CuSO4 (pH 2.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-170\nmA/cm2","57†_oxidic,5",null,"C. Reller et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1602114-n/a (2017).",57,null,0,0,1]
[206,"Co-plated Cu and Sn from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-226\nmA/cm2",57,null,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",57,null,1,0,1]
[207,"Phase-seggregated Cu/Pb bimetallic catalyst individually electroplated on polyaniline-modified carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, Single atom","Cu, Pb, C","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polyaniline/Pb-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",57,null,"S. Han et al., CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu-Pb Heterojunction Catalyst. ChemCatChem n/a, e202300918.",57,null,0,0,1]
[208,"CU NPs supported on Ni-SAC layer, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2","57†_Cu-Ni,1",null,"D.-L. Meng et al., Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel–Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 25485-25492 (2021).",57,null,0,0,1]
[209,"Ag-doped Cu MOF (Cu:Ag of 10:1) NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",57,null,"J. Feng et al., Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Chemical Science,  (2024).",57,null,1,0,1]
[210,"CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022).",57,null,0,0,1]
[211,"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,null,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",57,null,1,0,1]
[212,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Cs1 (mol ratio: 10:0.16:0.14) prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-37  mA/cm2",57,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",57,null,0,0,1]
[213,"Cu/Pd mixed NPs supported on 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets, on copper foam","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, Bi, S","Nafion","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Cu,Pd/Bi2S3_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Pirzada, B. M., AlMarzooqi, F. & Qurashi, A. Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 112, 107189, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107189 (2025).",57,null,0,0,1]
[214,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-150\nmA/cm2",56,null,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",56,null,0,1,1]
[215,"Commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-934\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",56,null,0,1,1]
[216,"1000 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(BPM [rev])","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-4.23 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-250\nmA/cm2",56,null,"C. A. Obasanjo et al., In situ regeneration of copper catalysts for long-term electrochemical CO2 reduction to multiple carbon products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20059-20070 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[217,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-FOIL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6 V -iR\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-16\nmA/cm2",56,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",56,null,0,0,1]
[218,"Oxygen-assisted plasma induced N-doped CuO NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped CuO NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",56,null,"D. G. Park et al., Increasing CO Binding Energy and Defects by Preserving Cu Oxidation State via O2-Plasma-Assisted N Doping on CuO Enables High C2+ Selectivity and Long-Term Stability in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 9222-9233 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[219,"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[220,"Nitrogen vacancy-rich Cu3Nx NPs prepared via controlled lithiation/delithiation, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Delithiated/Cu3Nx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-375\nmA/cm2",56,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithiation-Enabled High-Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products. Advanced Materials 33, 2103150 (2021).",56,null,1,0,1]
[221,"CuO NSs, on glassy carbon, pre-reduced in halide-containing electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.01 M KBr)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 10 mM KBr†_oxidic,3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",56,null,"R. Du et al., In Situ Engineering of the Cu+/Cu0 Interface to Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 36527-36535 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[222,"Pre-reduced CuO NSs (\"CISC-24\"), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-753\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",56,null,1,0,1]
[223,"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.90 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",56,null,1,0,1]
[224,"Au NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Tandem catalyst","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",56,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",56,null,1,0,1]
[225,"Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V vs. RHE","-200 mA/cm2",56,null,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",56,null,1,0,1]
[226,"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",56,null,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",56,null,1,0,1]
[227,"1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1",null,"R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021).",56,null,1,0,1]
[228,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",56,null,1,0,1]
[229,"CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,null,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023).",56,null,1,0,1]
[230,"Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,null,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[231,"Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,null,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[232,"Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051.",56,null,1,0,1]
[233,"1-octadecanethiol-modified electroplated Cu dendrites, on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","1-octadecanethiol","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Thiol/Cu_dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",56,null,"D. Wakerley et al., Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface. Nature materials 18, 1222-1227 (2019).",56,null,0,0,1]
[234,"Spin-coated tricomponent ionic liquid polymer-modified Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Various ionic liquids","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","3xIL-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J. Wang et al., Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 2857-2865 (2021).",56,null,0,0,1]
[235,"Polypyrrole nanowires-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, Polypyrrole","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polypyrrole/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO","-0.58 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1 (69)",null,"Y. Ji, C. Yang, L. Qian, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 600, 847-853 (2021).",56,null,0,1,1]
[236,"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",56,null,1,0,1]
[237,"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,null,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[238,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",55,null,"H. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Raciti, A. S. Hall, Promoting Cu-catalysed CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products by tuning the activity of H2O. Nature Catalysis 6, 807-817 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[239,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",55,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",55,null,0,0,1]
[240,"Branched/'spikey' Cu NPs obtained from KOH addition to catalyst ink, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, KOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Branched_Cu_NPs-KOH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","?","CO2","-3.25 V\nvs. ANODE","-281\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",55,null,1,0,1]
[241,"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[242,"Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 spherical and porous nanocages, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/Cu(OH)2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/mg",55,null,"T.-K. Cheng et al., Spherical and porous Cu2O nanocages with Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 Surface: Synthesis and their promising selectivity for catalysing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 660, 159978 (2024).",55,null,0,0,1]
[243,"Cu(OH)2-derived Cu NPs without additives (?), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. Wang et al., Alkyl sulfonate surfactant mediates electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene or ethanol over hydroxide-derived copper catalysts. Chemical Science,  (2024).",55,null,1,0,1]
[244,"CuOx NCs supported on Ni/C,N catalyst, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx",25,"?","CO2","-0.60 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-127\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y.-R. Lin et al., Vapor-Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel-Coordinated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113252 (2022).",55,null,1,0,1]
[245,"Ni-doped Cu2(OH)3Cl pre-cursor reduced in-situ to form β nickel-oxide hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cu active phase, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","β-(NiOOH)/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",55,null,"X. Mao et al., Sustainedly High-Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2400827.",55,null,1,0,1]
[246,"CuAg by electrodeposited CuSO4 and Ag2SO4, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAg-wire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumatech",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V vs. RHE","-313 mA/cm2",55,null,"Hoang, T. T. H., et al. (2018). \"Nanoporous Copper–Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 140(17): 5791-5797.",55,null,1,0,1]
[247,"Electroplating Ag with drop casted Cu, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Thiadiazole (N2SN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15%at. Ag–Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumapem FAA-3-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ti-IrOx","?","?","CO2","-4.55 Vvs. ANODE","-320 mA/cm2",55,null,"Wu, H., et al. (2021). \"Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping.\" Nature Communications 12(1): 7210.",55,null,1,0,1]
[248,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-250\nmA/cm2",55,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",55,null,1,0,1]
[249,"Electroplated Cu on metallic Ti nanotube-functionalized Ti foil","A-supports-B","Cu, Ti","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ti_NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-12\nmA/cm2",55,null,"A. Stalinraja et al., Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu doped titanium nanotubes—An insight on ethylene selectivity. Electrochimica Acta 431, 141078 (2022).",55,null,0,0,1]
[250,"CuO NPs supported on Cu-doped CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion membrane\"","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo alloy","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,null,"S. Hong et al., Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control. Advanced Materials 35, 2208996 (2023).",55,null,1,0,1]
[251,"Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O, Br","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Br-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021).",55,null,1,0,1]
[252,"Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,null,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022).",55,null,0,0,1]
[253,"Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","MOF","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[254,"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",55,null,0,0,1]
[255,"Exfoliated Mg/Al LDH nanosheets spraycoated onto a Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Mg, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/Cu-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.8 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. N. Xu et al., Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2-to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202217296 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[256,"Electrodeposited Cu(100), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Deposit/Cu(100)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.26 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",54,null,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",54,null,1,0,0]
[257,"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",54,null,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V263,2))","v":54},null,0,0,0]
[258,"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",54,null,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",54,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S264=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J264=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L264=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I264),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I264),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I264),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I264),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I264),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S264=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V264,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A264+1","v":259},"Pd doped Cu2O NCs (0.88 at. % Pd), on Toray YLS-30T GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",54,null,"D. Zhou et al., Cooperation of Different Active Sites to Promote CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products at Ampere-Level. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202400439.",54,null,1,0,0]
[260,"CuO NPs supported on Ni-SAC, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1500\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",54,null,1,0,0]
[261,"Co-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.85 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",54,null,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",54,null,0,0,0]
[262,"Synthesis of Ag NCs doped with CuCl2, on glass carbon electrode ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag65–Cu35 JNS-100 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-4 mA/cm2",54,null,"Ma, Y., et al. (2022). \"Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" Advanced Materials 34(19): 2110607.",54,null,0,0,0]
[263,"Core/shell system comprising Cu2O NPs (ca. 200 nm) with an SiO2 shell (15 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2-shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Wang, Y. et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2404606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404606.",54,null,0,0,0]
[264,"Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Nd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023).",54,null,0,0,0]
[265,"Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6",null,"N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020).",54,null,0,0,0]
[266,"C-doped (\"6%\") CuOX NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Dong, X. et al. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with ampere-level current on carbon-modified copper catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 41, 100024, doi:https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012 (2025).",54,null,1,0,0]
[267,"Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_MOF-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023).",54,null,1,0,0]
[268,"Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, carbon shell","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-carbon_Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023).",54,null,0,0,0]
[269,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a MOF/nafion-derived underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V \nvs. ANODE","-255\nmA/cm2",54,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",54,null,1,0,0]
[270,"In-house metallic Cu NPs, on mesoporous carbon/PTFE-modified carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",53,null,"R. Chen et al., Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie 132, 160-166 (2020).",53,null,0,1,0]
[271,"Cu layer sporting 50-80 nm Cu NPs, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-247\nmA/cm2",53,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[272,"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[273,"Commercial oxygen-passivated Cu NPs (<100 nm), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-NPs<100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (verify)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",53,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",53,null,0,1,0]
[274,"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",53,null,"F. Yang, W. Fang, Q. Wang, P. Deng, B. Y. Xia, Optimizing Copper Oxidation State to Promote Ethylene Generation in Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 4677-4682 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[275,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",53,null,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[276,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd NPs (20 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",53,null,0,0,0]
[277,"Cu-doped Ni MOF mixed with MWCNTs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, O","PiperION-A5","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/Ni_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","PiperION-A40","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-527\nmA/cm2",53,null,"L. Huang et al., Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni–Cu Hybrid Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26444-26451 (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[278,"Cu NPs supported in/on fibrous SiO2 nanospheres (500 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx-fibrous/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Z. Yang et al., High dispersion dendritic fibrous morphology nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 650, 1446-1456 (2023).",53,null,0,0,0]
[279,"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on carbon paper","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",53,null,0,0,0]
[280,"Mixed-phase CuOx/CeO2 NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni net","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",53,null,"J. Shan et al., Effective CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4 boosted by Ce-doped Cu nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133769 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[281,"Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[282,"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",53,null,1,0,0]
[283,"Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,null,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[284,"Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510.",53,null,0,0,0]
[285,"Au nanoneedle-impregnated inside of the channels of Zr-based MOF with Cu-TMC sites mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Zr, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-NN/Zr-Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Xie et al., Au-activated N motifs in non-coherent cupric porphyrin metal organic frameworks for promoting and stabilizing ethylene production. Nature Communications 13, 63 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[286,"Commercial Cu NPs (60-80 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-70nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",52,null,0,1,0]
[287,"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.80 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[288,"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",52,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",52,null,0,1,0]
[289,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",52,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[290,"Lithiated CuOx MPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","? polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Li/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?",1,"CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jeong, H. M. et al. Atomic-Scale Spacing between Copper Facets for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Advanced Energy Materials 10, 1903423, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903423 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[291,"Pre-reduced CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",52,null,0,0,0]
[292,"Porous dendritic Cu with a boron gradient (higher surface B content), on glassy carbon ","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/Cu_dendrite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-55\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Zhou et al., Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat Chem 10, 974-980 (2018).",52,null,0,0,0]
[293,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[294,"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.93 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",52,null,0,0,0]
[295,"Small CuO NPs (<5 nm) dispersed on (amorphous) CuSiO3 lamella, mixed with Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx_NSs/CuO_NPs/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Yuan et al., Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angewandte Chemie 133, 15472-15475 (2021).",52,null,0,0,0]
[296,"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on ceria for enhanced ethylene selectivity during electrochemical reduction of CO2. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 17244-17250 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[297,"High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,null,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[298,"CuOx NPs prepared through thermal reduction of Cu(acac)2-oleylamine complex, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Oleylamine/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-360\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with Cu-oleylamine based nanoparticles synthesized by simple thermal treatment. Fuel 348, 128498 (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[299,"Dual-site single atom copper on N-doped carbon derived from pyrolysis of Cu-impregnated MOF, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-SAC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Heng, J.-M., Zhu, H.-L., Zhao, Z.-H., Liao, P.-Q. & Chen, X.-M. Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions. Advanced Materials n/a, 2415101, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415101.",52,null,0,0,0]
[300,"Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,null,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[301,"Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024).",52,null,0,0,0]
[302,"CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrTaOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022).",52,null,1,0,0]
[303,"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[304,"Partially PVP-capped Cu NPs grown from Au seed, supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, PVP capping","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sub-PVP-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni Foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",52,null,1,0,0]
[305,"Pyroglutamic acid-modified (\"Pyr1.0\") Cu2O NPs (reconstructing into nanoneedles), grown on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Pyroglutami acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyroglutamic-A/Cu2O_NPs",null,"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-510\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jing, H. et al. Highly efficient stable pyroglutamic acid-modified Cu2O/Cu catalysts with reconstruction-resistant interfaces for CO2-to-C2 conversion at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 365, 124977, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124977 (2025).",52,null,1,0,0]
[306,"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","-2.5 V \nvs. ANODE","-84\nmA/cm2",52,null,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",52,null,0,1,0]
[307,"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(911) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(911)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",18,"?","CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J Mol Catal A: Chem 199, 39-47 (2003).",51,null,0,0,0]
[308,"Star decahedron-shaped 30 nm Cu NPs, on glassy carbon RDE","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Star/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Choi et al., A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials. Advanced Materials 31, 1805405 (2019).",51,null,0,0,0]
[309,"275 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on e-PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ePTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-214\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D. Corral et al., Advanced manufacturing for electrosynthesis of fuels and chemicals from CO2. Energy & Environmental Science 14, 3064-3074 (2021).",51,null,0,0,0]
[310,"Multi-shelled CuO microboxes, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO-microbox","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D. Tan et al., Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 13, 768-774 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[311,"Li-deficient Li2CuO2 microparticles","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Li2-xCuO2 particles","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 on GDL",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-195\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[312,"Octahedral 500 nm Cu2O particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Octahedral Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Y. Wu et al., Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu2O on the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6340-6344 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[313,"Partially thermally reduced electroplated Cu2Ox with NH4Cl-induced high step density, on plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","High step CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",51,null,"X. Ren, X. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wang, Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 38, 125-131 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[314,"Electrochemical-assisted bromine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Br/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",51,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[315,"Vacancy-rich delithiated Li2-xCuO2 NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Li, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"," Li2-xCuO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy-Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[316,"Spherical Cu(OH)2 nanorod (250 nm individual diameters) aggregates, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NW-balls","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Li et al., Strong electric field at the sharp tips of Cu(OH)2 nanochrysanthemums for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene. Materials Today Energy 42, 101568 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[317,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL with custom-tailored MPL","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion, Pention-D72 (Xergy)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom_MPL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-Ru/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1360\nmA/cm2",51,null,"L. Yuan et al., Converting CO2 to multi-carbon products at >1 A/cm2 using gas diffusion electrode based on commercial materials via transfer process engineering. Electrochimica Acta 475, 143662 (2024).",51,null,1,0,0]
[318,"Electroplated CuOx catalyst forming highly porous structure during in-situ reduction, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[319,"Al-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuAl-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",51,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",51,null,1,0,0]
[320,"B-doped CuO MPs consisting of aggregated NSs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx/flower-like","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Yang, Z. et al. Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 353, 128326, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128326 (2025).]",51,null,0,0,0]
[321,"Phase-separated CuO and ZnO NPs (Cu:Zn ratio of 80:20) supported on Vulcan XC72, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-367\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Li et al., CuO/ZnO/C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-C2+ products conversion with high yield: On the effect of geometric structure and composition. Applied Catalysis A: General 606, 117829 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V327,2))","v":51},null,1,0,0]
[322,"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-78\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",51,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S328=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J328=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L328=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I328),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I328),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I328),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S328=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V328,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A328+1","v":323},"Fe-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",51,null,0,0,0]
[324,"Ag-doped (4.3 at. % vs. Cu) CuO nanospheres consisting of aggregated platelets, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Cu_aggregated","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Yang et al., Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR. Surfaces and Interfaces 48, 104267 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[325,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Ag NPs (50 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",51,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[326,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",51,null,0,1,0]
[327,"CuOx overlayer on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/CeO2_NR-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.16 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Chu et al., Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via strong metal-support interaction. Green Energy & Environment 7, 792-798 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[328,"\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[329,"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,null,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",51,null,0,0,0]
[330,"Cu NPs encapsulated in cub mesoporous carbon (CMK-8), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CMK-8/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",51,null,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",51,null,0,0,0]
[331,"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,null,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[332,"Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)","MOF, supported","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591.",51,null,1,0,0]
[333,"Polydopamine-coated rod-like Cu-MOF, on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, polydopamine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polydopamine/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z.-H. Zhao, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Polydopamine Coating of a Metal–Organic Framework with Bi-Copper Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 7986-7993 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[334,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a calcined MOF-derived/nafion underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-4.1 V (?) \nvs. ANODE","-525\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[335,"Cs-exchanged Nafion overlayer (0.7 μm) on Cu sputtered  PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion (Cs)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion(Cs)/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-50\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",51,null,0,1,0]
[336,"EDTA-assisted electrodeposited hollow porous copper microspheres, on  carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Liu et al., Controlled Synthesis of EDTA-Modified Porous Hollow Copper Microspheres for High-Efficiency Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Products. Nano Letters 20, 4823-4828 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[337,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL (6-cell stack)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-56\nmA/cm2",50,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[338,"Cu(OH)Br-derived Cu/Br, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Br","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-345\nmA/cm2",50,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",50,null,1,0,0]
[339,"Spherical 20 nm CuO NPs with loading of 1.7 mg/cm2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O ","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1.7/CuO_20nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",40,"?","CO2","-1.02 V\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",50,null,"A. Inoue, T. Harada, S. Nakanishi, K. Kamiya, Ultra-high-rate CO2 reduction reactions to multicarbon products with a current density of 1.7 A cm−2 in neutral electrolytes. EES Catalysis 1, 9-16 (2023).",50,null,0,0,0]
[340,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[341,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[342,"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W / 2 min) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",50,null,"D. Gao, F. Scholten, B. Roldan Cuenya, Improved CO2 Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect. ACS Catal 7, 5112-5120 (2017).",50,null,0,0,0]
[343,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO","-0.60 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",50,null,0,1,0]
[344,"\"Cu10Cs1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-45\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[345,"Porous iodine-doped (0.02 % I, ICP) CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","I-doped/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",50,null,"B. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction for high ethylene selectivity using iodine-doped copper oxide catalysts. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 980, 173550 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[346,"QAPEEK (anionic ionomer) layer on top of electrochemically leached (-150 mA in KOH) Cu/Al co-sputtered midlayer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","QAPEEK","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","QAPEEK/Al,Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","pure H2O","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-800\nmA/cm2",50,null,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",50,null,1,0,0]
[347,"Electro-reduced KOH-treated Cu/Al LDHs, yielding AlOx decorated Cu NPs, supported on CNPs, on GDL (backside sealed with epoxy)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AlOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-48\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Zhang et al., Surface promotion of copper nanoparticles with alumina clusters derived from layered double hydroxide accelerates CO2 reduction to ethylene in membrane electrode assemblies. Nano Research 16, 4685-4690 (2023).",50,null,0,0,0]
[348,"Hollow Al-doped CuOx spheres obtained via pyrolisis of impregnated Cu-based MOF, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_hollow","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.377 V\nvs. RHE","-626\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yang, X. et al. Al-doped oxide-derived copper catalyst with stable Cu+ site for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Chemical Engineering Science 299, 120415, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120415 (2024).",50,null,1,0,0]
[349,"Synthesis of CuO NCs doped with AgCl2, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgOx/S-Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V vs. RHE","-150 mA/cm2",50,null,"Liu, J., et al. (2022). \"Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes.\" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10(15): 8459-8465.",50,null,1,0,0]
[350,"Cu needles with Ag NP, on a GDL","Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu needle-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V vs. RHE","-350 mA/cm2",50,null,"Wei, C., et al. (2023). \"Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts.\" Advanced Functional Materials 33(28): 2214992.",50,null,1,0,0]
[351,"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-61 mA/cm2",50,null,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[352,"(SAA, ca. 2 at.%) Zr-doped Cu NPs mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zr-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-730\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic Electroconversion of CO2-to-n-Propanol Over Atomically Dispersed Lewis Acid Zr-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2418727, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418727.",50,null,1,0,0]
[353,"CuOx/CeOx mixed-phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuO_NPs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Chu et al., Stabilization of Cu+ by tuning a CuO–CeO2 interface for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6540-6546 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[354,"CeO2 quantum dots (3 nm) supported on irregularly shaped CuO NPs (200 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-QD/CuO_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Wang et al., Efficiently Electroreducing CO2 to Ethylene on Heterostructured CeO2/CuO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61, 16445-16452 (2022).",50,null,1,0,0]
[355,"Mixed CuO/CeO2 NPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NP/CuO_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",50,null,"C. W. Lee et al., Metal–Oxide Interfaces for Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2241-2248 (2019).",50,null,0,0,0]
[356,"Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL","Supported","Cu","Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022).",50,null,0,1,0]
[357,"Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021).",50,null,0,0,0]
[358,"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,null,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",50,null,1,0,0]
[359,"Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-2DMOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",50,null,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021).",50,null,0,0,0]
[360,"Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Azolate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,null,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[361,"Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,null,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[362,"Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[363,"Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[364,"Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[365,"B/Mg-doped CuOX NPs (\"Cu5(B0.02 M)Mg1\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg-B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","-293\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",50,null,1,0,0]
[366,"Cationic tetrabutylammonium-coated electroplated CuO dendrites (1.75 mg/cm2), on 121 Wet Proofing-modified GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O, N","Nafion, Tetrabutylammonium","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TBAN/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-1223\nmA/cm2",50,null,"M. P. L. Kang, H. Ma, R. Ganganahalli, B. S. Yeo, Surfactant-Enhanced Formation of Ethylene from Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction on Copper Catalysts. ACS Catal, 116-123 (2023).",50,null,0,1,0]
[367,"Mechanically polished and electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion CMV","(CEM)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2","49†_metallic,1",null,"Y. Huang, C. W. Ong, B. S. Yeo, Effects of Electrolyte Anions on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper (100) and (111) Surfaces. ChemSusChem 11, 3299-3306 (2018).",49,null,0,0,0]
[368,"Electrochemical-assisted carbonate-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","K2CO3/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",49,null,"D. Gao et al., Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 17047-17053 (2019).",49,null,0,0,0]
[369,"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",49,null,"D. Gao et al., Activity and Selectivity Control in CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products over CuOx Catalysts via Electrolyte Design. ACS Catal 8, 10012-10020 (2018).",49,null,0,0,0]
[370,"Cu2O/CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/CuO NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",49,null,"H. Shi et al., Stabilizing Cu+ Species in Cu2O/CuO Catalyst via Carbon Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310913.",49,null,0,0,0]
[371,"N-doped Cu (Cu3N) NCs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",49,null,"M. Zheng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ with Ampere-Level Current on Heteroatom-Engineered Copper via Tuning *CO Intermediate Coverage. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14936-14944 (2022).",49,null,1,0,0]
[372,"Porous CuO NSs (19.4 nm), on \"PTFE GDL\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","porous/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-430\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Zhang, J. et al. Steering CO2 electroreduction pathway toward ethanol via surface-bounded hydroxyl species-induced noncovalent interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218987120, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.2218987120 (2023).",49,null,1,0,0]
[373,"Al-doped (1.9 at%, ICP) CuOx nanoflakes derived from calcining Cu MOF,  on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade\nRT","(AEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",49,null,"J. Jang et al., Distinct reconstruction of aluminum-doped oxide-derived copper enhances the selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 19066-19073 (2023).",49,null,0,0,0]
[374,"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.45 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",49,null,1,0,0]
[375,"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",49,null,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",49,null,1,0,0]
[376,"Cu NP layer (1 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (0.2 mg/cm2), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. Journal of Catalysis 387, 163-169 (2020).",49,null,1,0,0]
[377,"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (5 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn5/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","? CO:Ar = 1:2","CO","?","-500\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",49,null,0,1,0]
[378,"Sn-doped CuO nanosheets (0.65%, 130 C), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y. Jiang et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuO by synergistically tuning oxygen vacancies and metal doping. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100356 (2021).",49,null,0,0,0]
[379,"Co-TMC surface-modified Cu NCs supported on carbon black, on GDL substrate","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"M. Wang, A. Loiudice, V. Okatenko, I. D. Sharp, R. Buonsanti, The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 14, 1097-1104 (2023).",49,null,0,0,0]
[380,"Synthesised CuO particles followed by AgNO3 doping, on a glassy carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, I, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","AgI-CuO ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.25 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1 V vs. RHE","-24 mA/cm2",49,null,"Yang, R., et al. (2022). \"In Situ Halogen-Ion Leaching Regulates Multiple Sites on Tandem Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61(21): e202116706.",49,null,0,0,0]
[381,"Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V vs. RHE","-8 mA/cm2",49,null,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",49,null,0,0,0]
[382,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",49,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",49,null,0,0,0]
[383,"Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022).",49,null,0,0,0]
[384,"Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023).",49,null,1,0,0]
[385,"Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V391,2))","v":49},null,0,0,0]
[386,"Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137.",49,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S392=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J392=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L392=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I392),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I392),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I392),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S392=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V392,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A392+1","v":387},"Polyaniline-coated Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu ","Nafion, Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polyaniline/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Quaternary ammonia poly(N-methylpiperidine-\nco-p-terphenyl)","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",49,null,"X. Wei et al., Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Hydrocarbons at Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces. ACS Catal 10, 4103-4111 (2020).",49,null,0,0,0]
[388,"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.51 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",49,null,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",49,null,0,1,0]
[389,"Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",19,"?","CO2","-1.40 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Hori, A. Murata, R. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, Enhanced formation of ethylene and alcohols at ambient temperature and pressure in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 17-19 (1988).",48,null,0,0,0]
[390,"Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",18.5,1,"CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"M. Akira, H. Yoshio, Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, 123-127 (1991).",48,null,0,0,0]
[391,"Commercial metallic Cu NWs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-92\nmA/cm2",48,null,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",48,null,0,1,0]
[392,"Cu sputtered on PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.2 V\nvs. ANODE","-25\nmA/cm2",48,null,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",48,null,0,1,0]
[393,"Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich), on carbon paper GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","LSC-D520 (Dupont, D-520 = Nafion)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2-coated Ti foam",50,"? 1","CO2","-3.69 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Sun, J. et al. Rational catalyst layer design enables tailored transport channels for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction to multi-carbon products. Energy Environ Sci, doi:10.1039/D4EE03743J (2025).",48,null,1,0,0]
[394,"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",48,null,0,1,0]
[395,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",48,null,0,1,0]
[396,"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-0.62 V\nvs. RHE","-167\nmA/cm2",48,null,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[397,"Co-containing (CO forming) TMC (porphyrin) coated on CuOx NW-modified Cu mesh substrate","Core/Shell, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl (CO2-saturated)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. Min et al., Construction of Cobalt Porphyrin-Modified Cu2O Nanowire Array as a Tandem Electrocatalyst for Enhanced CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Small n/a, 2400592.",48,null,0,0,0]
[398,"Ag NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-490\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[399,"Galvanic replacement commercial Cu NPs and Ag+","Foam","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu SAA","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.65 V vs. RHE","-708 mA/cm2",48,null,"Du, C., et al. (2023). \"Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 6142.",48,null,1,0,0]
[400,"Defective Ag NPs obtained from in-situ reduction of AgIO3 NSs mixed with CuO NSs (Cu:Ag ratio of 6), deposited on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgIO3-NS/CuO_NS","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-2.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Yang, R. et al. Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2414642, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414642.",48,null,0,0,0]
[401,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[402,"TiO2/sustainion toplayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/Sustainion/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",10,"CO2","-3.00 V\nvs. ANODE","-261\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Xu et al., Oxygen-tolerant electroproduction of C2 products from simulated flue gas. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 554-561 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[403,"Cu nanoclusters encapsulated in Ti-based MOF, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Fan, X. et al. Biomimetic Cu4 Cluster Encapsulated within Hollow Titanium-Oxo Nanoring for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS Materials Letters 5, 1527-1531, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00101 (2023).",48,null,1,0,0]
[404,"Cu-doped CeOx nanorods, on glassy carbon - prepared via deposition-precipitation method and subsequent annealing step","Alloyed/Doped","Ce, O, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"D. Wu et al., Cuprous ions embedded in ceria lattice for selective and stable electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 9373-9377 (2018).",48,null,0,0,0]
[405,"CeO2 NPs (5 nm) supported on CuO NPs, on PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1214\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. Yan et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on CeO2 modified CuO. Chemical Science 12, 6638-6645 (2021).",48,null,1,0,0]
[406,"CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",48,null,1,0,0]
[407,"Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",48,null,0,0,0]
[408,"2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025).",48,null,0,0,0]
[409,"Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[410,"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",48,null,1,0,0]
[411,"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Cs1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",48,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[412,"0.01 mg/cm2 microporous polymer (combination of ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger’s base (TB) monomers)-coated Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Ethanoanthracene, Troger’s base","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MicroP-Polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. C. Perry et al., Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for targeted CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemosphere 248, 125993 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[413,"Metallic Cu NPs with nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?",1,"CO","-1.46 V\nvs. RHE","-72\nmA/cm2",48,null,"D. S. Ripatti, T. R. Veltman, M. W. Kanan, Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion. Joule 3, 240-256 (2019).",48,null,0,1,0]
[414,"QAPEEK' overlayer on 1 μm-thick Cu layer with nanoscale roughness, sputtered on a GDL","Overlayer","Cu","QAPEEK (quaternary ammonia poly(ether ether ketone))","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#5","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.46 V\nvs. ANODE","-600\nmA/cm2",48,null,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",48,null,1,0,0]
[415,"Surface S-doped 'coral-like' CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, S, O","Nafion, thioacetamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",48,null,"T. Jia et al., Engineering vacancy and hydrophobicity of spherical coral-like CuO catalyst for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Surfaces and Interfaces 38, 102841 (2023).",48,null,0,0,0]
[416,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Gabardo, C. M. et al. Continuous Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Concentrated Multi-carbon Products Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly. Joule 3, 2777-2791, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.021 (2019).",48,null,1,0,0]
[417,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n+ stirring","FKB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","DSA",65,1,"CO","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",47,null,"M. P. Schellekens, S. J. Raaijman, M. T. M. Koper, P. J. Corbett, Temperature-dependent selectivity for CO electroreduction on copper-based gas-diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Chemical Engineering Journal 483, 149105 (2024).",47,null,0,1,0]
[418,"Microwave-assisted additional Cu-induced activity enhanced CuO nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Post-modified CuO NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",47,null,"J. Jang et al., Facile design of oxide-derived Cu nanosheet electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. EcoMat n/a, e12334 (2023).",47,null,0,0,0]
[419,"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05M H2SO4 + 3 M KCl (pH 0.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx @ Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Z. Ma et al., CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nature Communications 13, 7596 (2022).",47,null,0,0,0]
[420,"30 nm CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs-30nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-1000\nmA/cm2",47,null,"W. Ren, W. Ma, X. Hu, Tailored water and hydroxide transport at a quasi-two-phase interface of membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for CO electroreduction. Joule 7, 2349-2360 (2023).",47,null,0,1,0]
[421,"P-doped CuOx nm-sized spherical agglomerates, on GDL ","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",47,null,"L. Zhang et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Topics in Catalysis 66, 1527-1538 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[422,"CuBaCO3 NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Ba, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.65 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",47,null,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[423,"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (51.3:48.7 at. ratio), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phase-Sep_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumatech\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO2","-0.74 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-361\nmA/cm2",47,null,"S. Ma et al., Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, 47-50 (2017).",47,null,1,0,0]
[424,"SiO2 NPs supported on Cu2O NCs through physical mixing (10:2 mL basis), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",47,null,"T. Zhao et al., Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu2O with SiO2 to Enhance C2+ Product Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 13, 4444-4453 (2023).",47,null,0,0,0]
[425,"CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PFRC/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-1268\nmA/cm2",47,null,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[426,"Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ge, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[427,"Cu and Bi co-impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",47,null,0,0,0]
[428,"Poly-ionic liquid-coated Cu NPs mixed with CuCl, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Imidazolium, bipyridinium-based ionic liquid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@BPIL@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.005 M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Pan, Y., Li, X.-Q., Duan, G.-Y., Fang, J. & Xu, B.-H. Microenvironment regulation for high-performance acidic CO2 electroreduction on Poly(ionic liquid)-modified Cu surface. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124681 (2025).",47,null,0,0,0]
[429,"Commercial 50 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs-50nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (CO atmosphere)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","∆p gas/liquid = +20 mbar","CO","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar et al., Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. Journal of CO2 Utilization 36, 263-275 (2020).",46,null,0,1,0]
[430,"Cu-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-93\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",46,null,0,1,0]
[431,"F-doped CuO large NPs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F-doped CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-320\nmA/cm2",46,null,"X. Yan et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products on fluorine-doped copper. Green Chemistry 24, 1989-1994 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[432,"15 nm Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15nm-Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Ma et al., One-step electrosynthesis of ethylene and ethanol from CO2 in an alkaline electrolyzer. Journal of Power Sources 301, 219-228 (2016).",46,null,1,0,0]
[433,"CuOx MPs electrodeposited on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-601\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Zhang et al., Switching CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity Between C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 6, e12307 (2023).",46,null,1,0,0]
[434,"Ultrathin porous Cu foil chemically converted into Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles, reduced by H2 under slow temperature ramp. Hydrophobic, full-metal GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs_GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + 1.0 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.82 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",46,null,"M. Sun, J. Cheng, M. Yamauchi, Gas diffusion enhanced electrode with ultrathin superhydrophobic macropore structure for acidic CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications 15, 491 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[435,"P-doped pulse-electroplated Cu (Cu0.92P0.08) on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",46,null,"X. Kong et al., Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction. Science China Chemistry 64, 1096-1102 (2021).",46,null,1,0,0]
[436,"Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Pention D18 (Xergy Co., Ltd.)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","In-house BPM with water splitting catalyst + perforated AEM","Custom","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam","?","?","CO2","-4.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Wang, J. et al. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404110, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404110 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[437,"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[438,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",46,null,0,0,0]
[439,"Mg-doped CuO NSs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Li, X. et al. Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Nanoscale, doi:10.1039/D4NR02240H (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[440,"ZnO NPs supported on highly porous aggregrates of CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-on-CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Z. Yang et al., *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 332, 125870 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[441,"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.15 V\nvs. ANODE","-652\nmA/cm2",46,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[442,"Chemically dezincified (through NaOH+(NH4)2S2O8 treatment) Zn-doped CuOx NWs, prepared from co-plated Zn/Cu alloy on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Zhang et al., Chemically dezincified copper nanowires catalysts with competitive selectivity for ethylene production by carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Ionics 28, 4817-4824 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[443,"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with Ag overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.05 V\nvs. ANODE","-688\nmA/cm2",46,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[444,"TiO2 NP overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[445,"Branched/’spikey’, amorphous sub-micron SiOx particles decorated with amorphous CuO NPs (18.52 wt%), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",46,null,"R. Yang et al., Amorphous urchin-like copper@nanosilica hybrid for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 61, 290-296 (2021).",46,null,0,0,0]
[446,"CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",46,null,1,0,0]
[447,"Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL","Supported [on Cu]","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,null,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[448,"CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Vulcan XC-72/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,"?","CO2"," -1.65 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,null,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[449,"N-doped carbon quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/carbon-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V455,2))","v":46},null,1,0,0]
[450,"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",46,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S456=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J456=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L456=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I456),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I456),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I456),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S456=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V456,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A456+1","v":451},"Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon","Single atom","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022).",46,null,0,0,0]
[452,"Commercial CuOx NPs (5.8 mg/cm2!) supported on scaffold of exfoliated Mg/Al LDH, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Mg, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","SELEMION AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1773\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Kwon, J. Zhang, R. Ganganahalli, S. Verma, B. S. Yeo, Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House-of-Cards Scaffolds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202217252 (2023).",46,null,0,1,0]
[453,"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, The role of in situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(i) species in C2+ product selectivity during CO2 pulsed electroreduction. Nature Energy 5, 317-325 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[454,"Cu overlayer sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO2","-1.61 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Ma et al., Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 977-985 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[455,"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Ma et al., Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 2470-2478 (2022).",45,null,0,1,0]
[456,"O2 plasma-treated (20 s, 20 W) chloride-derived CuOx NCs, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_NCs-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",45,null,"D. Gao et al., Plasma-Activated Copper Nanocube Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. ACS Nano 11, 4825-4831 (2017).",45,null,0,0,0]
[457,"Electrochemically reduced CuO micropore nanowire-modified Cu foam; oxygen-bearing copper micropore NWs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","OB-CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,null,"W. Zhang et al., Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 11417-11427 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[458,"Electrochemically restructured Cu by cycling in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 16 mM KCl as per [insert Robert Sloan ref], on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HCO3/Cl/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A. T. Bell, J. W. Ager, Optimizing C–C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. J Phys Chem C 121, 14191-14203 (2017).",45,null,0,0,0]
[459,"Pre-reduced (CO2RR conditions) CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pre-reduced/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Z. Xu et al., Dynamic restructuring induced Cu nanoparticles with ideal nanostructure for selective multi-carbon compounds production via carbon dioxide electroreduction. Journal of Catalysis 383, 42-50 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[460,"Porous Cu2O nanosphere superparticle, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Super/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,null,"X. Lv et al., Grain refining enables mixed Cu+/Cu0 states for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122272 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[461,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.23 V\nvs. ANODE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,null,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",45,null,0,1,0]
[462,"Highly porous CuOx NWs derived from polymer templating strategy (poly(acrylonitrile-blockmethylmethacrylate)), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH†_oxidic,7","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-238\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Pan, F. et al. Long-Range Confinement-Driven Enrichment of Surface Oxygen-Relevant Species Promotes C−C Electrocoupling in CO2 Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2303118, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303118 (2024).",45,null,1,0,0]
[463,"CuO NRs, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",45,null,0,1,0]
[464,"Al-doped Cu2O  microparticles, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",45,null,"S. Li, X. Sha, X. Gao, J. Peng, Al-Doped Octahedral Cu2O Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Produce Ethylene. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 12680 (2023).",45,null,0,0,0]
[465,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",45,null,1,0,0]
[466,"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (3 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn3/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",45,null,0,1,0]
[467,"Co-electroplated Cu/Pd foam (6.83:1 at. ratio), on carbon paper ","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",45,null,"R. Feng et al., Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 7560-7565 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[468,"Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O NPs (6 at. % Pd (?)), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-2.18 V\nvs. RHE","-615\nmA/cm2","45†_Cu-Pd,1",null,"B. Wang, L. Song, C. Peng, X. Lv, G. Zheng, Pd-induced polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion in acidic medium. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 671, 184-191 (2024).",45,null,0,0,0]
[469,"Ga-doped CuOx NCs (1.67 at.% Ga), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[470,"Cu shell grown on top of Au nanoribbons with 4H phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Core/Shell","Cu, Au, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4H-Au/Cu-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2"," -1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Y. Chen et al., Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 12760-12766 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[471,"Cu NPs mixed with Ag NPs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag_NPs+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.42 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",45,null,0,0,0]
[472,"Ag NRs fully coated by Cu(NO3)2 solution ","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","4H Au@Cu nanoribbon","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V vs. RHE","-100 mA/cm2",45,null,"Chen, Y., et al. (2020). \"Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO(2) Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study.\" J Am Chem Soc 142(29): 12760-12766.",45,null,0,0,0]
[473,"Cu NSs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",45,null,"H.-D. Cai et al., Tuning the Interactions in CuO Nanosheet-Decorated CeO2 Nanorods for Controlling the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methane or Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, 7259-7267 (2022).",45,null,0,0,0]
[474,"Cu2O nanocubes with a tensile-strained CeO2/Cu shell, on GDL","Core/shell, mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-CuOx_SHELL/Cu2O_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.43 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"H. Wang et al., Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products. ACS Nano 17, 346-354 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[475,"Self-assembling Cu-TMC (Bis(triphenylphosphine) Cu(I) nitrate) nanorods supported on XC-72R, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TMC_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-0.96 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",45,null,"P. Wang et al., Molecular Assembled Electrocatalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Fixation to C2+ Products. ACS Nano 16, 17021-17032 (2022).",45,null,0,0,0]
[476,"Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Distorted/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018).",45,null,1,0,0]
[477,"CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF-derived/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,null,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019).",45,null,0,0,0]
[478,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Pb, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Pb, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuPb","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",45,null,0,0,0]
[479,"Tip-exposed PTFE-coated electrochemically grown Cu nanoneedles scraped off and deposited on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,null,"B. Yang et al., Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric–Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 3039-3049 (2022).",45,null,1,0,0]
[480,"Cu plate with in-situ electrodeposited N-functionalized aryl moiety (10 mM)","Overlayer","Cu","N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium-Br2","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",45,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",45,null,0,0,0]
[481,"Amorphous N-functionalized (34% N)) carbon overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrically powered CO2-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nature Energy 5, 478-486 (2020).",45,null,1,0,0]
[482,"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO","?","-30\nmA/cm2",44,null,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",44,null,0,1,0]
[483,"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,null,"T. Zhang et al., The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO2/CO Reduction. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, 104506 (2022).",44,null,0,1,0]
[484,"Cu2(PO4)(OH) microrods, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2(PO4)(OH)_um rods","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-265\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods. AIChE Journal n/a, e18233 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[485,"CuO nanoneedles, on Toray Carbon Paper (TGP-H-60)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Fluorinated ethylene propylene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","FEP/CuO_NNs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-975\nmA/cm2",44,null,"T. H. M. Pham et al., Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders. Advanced Energy Materials 12, 2103663 (2022).",44,null,1,0,0]
[486,"CuOX NPs electrodeposited from 0.1 M CuCOOH + 0.1 M KHCO3 + sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate under constant CO2 bubbling, on GDL (?)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Fang et al., Hydrophobic, Ultrastable Cuδ+ for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products at Ampere-Current Levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 11323-11332 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[487,"Mixed Cu-metal/Cu2O MPs with prism-shaped Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2","44†_oxidic,8",null,"Ye, M. et al. Phase engineering of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanospheres for boosting tandem electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 622, 156981, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156981 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[488,"Semi-porous Cu3Al-derived wires, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Al_wires","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",44,null,1,0,0]
[489,"Cu100Al7.88-OD nanosheets (number representing wt%), consisting of CuOx phases and amorphous Al2O3 phase mixed homogeneously, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.68 V\nvs. RHE","-693\nmA/cm2",44,null,"H. Cheng et al., Stabilization of Cu+ sites by amorphous Al2O3 to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Green Chemistry,  (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[490,"Al-doped Cu-based layered double hydroxide (LDH), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Wang, X. et al. Stabilizing Cu+ species by Al-doping with enhanced *CO coverage for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07386J (2025).",44,null,1,0,0]
[491,"Cu90Zn10 alloy layer, on GDL - prepared via magnetron co-sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu90Zn10","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[492,"Cu1Pd0.004 NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-581\nmA/cm2",44,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",44,null,0,1,0]
[493,"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP on GDL, immersed AgNO3 solution for various times.","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO","-0.56 V vs. RHE","?",44,null,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",44,null,0,1,0]
[494,"Core/shell NPs with Ag core and Cu shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@Cu-p4.9","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V vs. RHE","-299 mA/cm2",44,null,"Zhong, Y., et al. (2022). \"Adjusting Local CO Confinement in Porous-Shell Ag@Cu Catalysts for Enhancing C–C Coupling toward CO2 Eletroreduction.\" Nano Letters 22(6): 2554-2560.",44,null,0,0,0]
[495,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",44,null,0,1,0]
[496,"Porous ZrO2 layer on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",44,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes. Chem 8, 2148-2162 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[497,"Ultrafine (<10 nm) CuOx/CeOx composite NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Bandal, H. A., Dabaro, M. D. & Kim, H. Boosting selectivity for multi-carbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction via enhanced hydroxide adsorption in ultrafine CuOx/CeOx nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12, 114445, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114445 (2024).",44,null,0,0,0]
[498,"In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDL","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018).",44,null,0,1,0]
[499,"CuO NSs supported on VXC-72r, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","VXC-72r/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.66 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,null,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[500,"Cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",44,null,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[501,"[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","π-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,null,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[502,"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[503,"Mesoporous Cu(OH)2 NRs mixed with large quantity of Nafion (28.4 wt%), supported on CNTs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic, A-supports-B","Cu, O, C","Nafion or Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion/CuOx_NPs/CNTs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic regulation of hydrophobicity and basicity for copper hydroxide-derived copper to promote the CO2 electroreduction reaction. Carbon Energy 5, e328, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.328 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[504,"Pre-reduced gluconic acid-capped (800 mg)  OH-rich Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Gluconic acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GluconicA/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",44,null,"C. Li et al., Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Surface Hydroxylation over Cu-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 13, 16114-16125 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[505,"Electrolyte-soaked 60 µm-thick porous (0.44 μm pore size) PTFE support overlayer on top of commercial 25 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Thin-film-PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Home-made BPM with TiO2 NP interlayer","(BPM [rev])","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti felt",35,"?","CO2","-5.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"K. Xie et al., Bipolar membrane electrolyzers enable high single-pass CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 13, 3609 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[506,"Metallic Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_overlayer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",43,null,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",43,null,0,1,0]
[507,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[508,"In-house Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-818\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",43,null,0,1,0]
[509,"Mixed CuOx MP catalyst containing Cu4O3 phase, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu4O4_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Cs2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir mixed metal oxide/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"N. Martić et al., Paramelaconite-Enriched Copper-Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901228 (2019).",43,null,0,0,0]
[510,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.26 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",43,null,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",43,null,1,0,0]
[511,"Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Lv et al., Iodine-Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2311236.",43,null,0,0,0]
[512,"In-situ reduced CuOx MPs under CO atmosphere, yielding small Cu NPs (ca. 3 nm) 'supported' on larger Cu MPs (ca. 300 nm) on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-size/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-390\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Li, J. et al. Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol. Nature Communications 9, 4614, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07032-0 (2018).",43,null,0,1,0]
[513,"P-doped electroplated (\"-0.5 V\") Cu layer on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Han, S. et al. Boosting promote C2 products formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via phosphorus-enhanced proton feeding. Chemical Engineering Journal 479, 147735, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147735 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V519,2))","v":43},null,0,0,0]
[514,"Cu2O NCs decorated with Zn (\"4%\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Rüscher, M. et al. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper–zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, 3028-3043, doi:10.1039/D2CY00227B (2022).",43,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S520=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J520=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L520=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I520),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I520),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I520),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S520=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V520,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A520+1","v":515},"Co (0.2 %)/CuO alloy NPs (ca. 16 nm) with single-atom Co prepared from Cu-MOF precursor, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",43,null,"B. Kim et al., Trace-Level Cobalt Dopants Enhance CO2 Electroreduction and Ethylene Formation on Copper. ACS Energy Letters 8, 3356-3364 (2023).",43,null,0,0,0]
[516,"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",43,null,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",43,null,0,1,0]
[517,"Co-plated Cu and Ag from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-148\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",43,null,1,0,0]
[518,"Core-shell NPs prepared by precipitation of Cu(OH)2 on Ag core, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@C@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Not Found","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V vs. RHE","-400 mA/cm2",43,null,"Zhang, J., et al. (2022). \"Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction in flow reactors.\" Cell Reports Physical Science 3(7): 100949.",43,null,1,0,0]
[519,"Ag-doped (2%) Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.74 V vs. RHE","-1350 mA/cm2",43,null,"Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y. & Lin, B.-L. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol via the Synergistic Effect of Cu–Ag Bimetallic Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 14045-14052, doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 (2022).",43,null,1,0,0]
[520,"Porous ZrO2 layer prepared via decomposition of  UiO‑66 (Zr-based MOF, 0.25 mg/cm2), on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Li et al., Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 14, 134 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[521,"Mixed-phase CeO2/CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1  M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",43,null,"M. Fang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products via Oxygen-rich Vacancies and Ce4+−O2−−Cu+ Structure in Cu/CeO2 for Stabilizing Cu+. ChemCatChem n/a, e202301266 (2023).",43,null,0,0,0]
[522,"La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[523,"Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,null,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[524,"CuBaCO3 NPs supported on MWCNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, Ba, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MWCNT/CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",43,null,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",43,null,1,0,0]
[525,"Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell_N/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021).",43,null,0,0,0]
[526,"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",43,null,0,0,0]
[527,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-30 mA/cm2",43,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[528,"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"N117\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[529,"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",42,null,0,0,0]
[530,"Water-quenced 500 C-warm CuO particles, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Quenched/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,"?","CO2","-0.84 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,1 (50)",null,"C. Yang et al., Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 570, 375-381 (2020).",42,null,1,0,0]
[531,"CuO nanosheet-functionalized Cu GDL prepared via thermal evaporation","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.25 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-200\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,4",null,"M. Wang, L. Wan, J. Cheng, J. Luo, Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 14070-14077 (2022).",42,null,0,1,0]
[532,"Al-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[533,"Co-doped (1.1 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",42,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[534,"Au/Cu janus nanocrystals derived from penta-twinned Au nanobipyramids, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","bipyramid/Au-Cu_janus","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",42,null,"H. Jia et al., Symmetry-Broken Au–Cu Heterostructures and their Tandem Catalysis Process in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2101255 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[535,"Au NPs (\"large\", order of a few nm) supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[536,"The CuO supports prepared by precipitation method followed by Ag impregnation, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion 115","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1-CuO-2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,null,"Xue, L., et al. (2023). \"Ultralow Ag-assisted carbon–carbon coupling mechanism on Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.\" Journal of Energy Chemistry 82: 414-422.",42,null,0,0,0]
[537,"Sythesyzed Cu nanocubes doped with AgNO3, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","CuO, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV, AGC Inc.",null,"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,null,"Herzog, A., et al. (2021). \"Operando Investigation of Ag-Decorated Cu2O Nanocube Catalysts with Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction toward Liquid Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60(13): 7426-7435.",42,null,0,0,0]
[538,"CuO Nanowires modified with AgNO3","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag−Cu2O NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-",null,null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-36 mA/cm2",42,null,"Gao, J., et al. (2019). \"Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(47): 18704-18714.",42,null,0,0,0]
[539,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",42,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[540,"Hf-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Hf, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hf/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",42,null,1,0,0]
[541,"Commercial Cu NPs with a hydrophobic polymer coating consisting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hydrophobic/Si/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-Grade 50 RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.81 V\nvs. ANODE","-450\nmA/cm2",42,null,"T. Zhao et al., Functionalizing Cu nanoparticles with fluoric polymer to enhance C2+ product selectivity in membraned CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 340, 123281 (2024).",42,null,1,0,0]
[542,"Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, single atom","Cu, Gd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,null,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[543,"Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,null,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020).",42,null,0,0,0]
[544,"CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech\nFAA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,null,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021).",42,null,0,1,0]
[545,"Binuclear Cu phenanthroline TMC mixed with graphite powder, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",42,null,"N. Liu et al., Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Advanced Materials n/a, 2309526.",42,null,0,0,0]
[546,"{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[547,"CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, O, C, N","C3N4","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,null,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[548,"Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, W, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,null,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[549,"Cu and Bi co-impregnated (ca 1:1 atomic ratio) into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",42,null,0,0,0]
[550,"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","n/a",42,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",42,null,0,0,0]
[551,"Hydrophobic pention D18 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Pention D18","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pention_D18/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50, grade 60","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.58 V -iR\nvs. Au/QRE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,null,"M. Zhuansun et al., Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Hydrophobicity-Induced Electro-Kinetic Retardation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309875 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[552,"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",42,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",42,null,0,1,0]
[553,"44 nm Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","44nm/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",41,null,"A. Loiudice et al., Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 5789-5792 (2016).",41,null,0,0,0]
[554,"Partially oxidized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO","?","-200\nmA/cm2",41,null,"R. Kurihara et al., Carbon Monoxide Reduction Reaction to Produce Multicarbon Products in Acidic Electrolytes Using Gas Diffusion Electrode Loaded with Copper Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials Interfaces n/a, 2300731 (2023).",41,null,0,1,0]
[555,"Pre-reduced {100}/{111}-interface rich CuOx NPs on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}|{111}/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Z.-Z. Wu et al., Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 259-269 (2022).",41,null,0,0,0]
[556,"Electrochemically cycled (e.g., oxide-derived) Cu75Zn25 alloy disk","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cycled/Zn-Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","AHO, AGC Inc.","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","?",41,null,"A. H. M. da Silva et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: Effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 880, 114750 (2021).",41,null,0,0,0]
[557,"Cu NPs (3 nm) supported on Zn-based MOF (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.62 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Zhang, Y. et al. Lowering *CO Affinity over Cu Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multicarbon Products at High Current Density. CCS Chemistry 6, 2950-2960, doi:doi:10.31635/ccschem.024.202404245 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[558,"Cu NWS decorated with a Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8), on carbon paper","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Sun, B. et al. Highly-exposed copper and ZIF-8 interface enables synthesis of hydrocarbons by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 831-839, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.205 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[559,"Cu/Ni alloy NPs (7% Ni), co-sputtered on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion 37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",41,null,"H. Song, Y. C. Tan, B. Kim, S. Ringe, J. Oh, Tunable Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Well-Mixed Ni–Cu Alloys. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 55272-55280 (2021).",41,null,1,0,0]
[560,"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",41,null,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",41,null,0,0,0]
[561,"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP dispersed in methanol with Nafion deposited on GDL, immersed in aqueous AgNO3 solution for various times.","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-1.31 V vs. RHE","?",41,null,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",41,null,1,0,0]
[562,"The AgCu alloy catalyst was obtained via electroreduction, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCuOx ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",41,null,"Wang, J., et al. (2019). \"Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11(3): 2763-2767.",41,null,0,0,0]
[563,"Electroplated Cu NPs with Ag layer created by spincoating with AgNO3 solution, on a Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu Np","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-20 mA/cm2",41,null,"Hou, L., et al. (2020). \"Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene.\" Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7(10): 2097-2106.",41,null,0,0,0]
[564,"Ag NPs with a porous (40 nm thick) Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2O/Ag_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2"," -1.6 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",41,null,"Lu, Y. et al. Confinement Catalysis of Reaction Intermediates in Ag@Cu2O Cascade Nanoreactors toward Boosted Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Catal 14, 14744-14753, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c04115 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[565,"CuSiO3 nanotube-assembled hollow spheres, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_spheres","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",41,null,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",41,null,0,0,0]
[566,"La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,null,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226.",41,null,1,0,0]
[567,"Cu-TMC (Copper(II) meso -tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) NSs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",41,null,"M. Sun, Z. Tao, X. Xu, S. Min, L. Kang, Effect of morphology and structure of CuTCPP nanomaterials on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane and ethylene. Applied Catalysis A: General 666, 119406 (2023).",41,null,0,0,0]
[568,"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",41,null,0,0,0]
[569,"F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[570,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer with a MOF/nafion-derived midlayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO","-2.7 V \nvs. ANODE","-295\nmA/cm2",41,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",41,null,0,1,0]
[571,"Electrocycled (CVs in 0.3 M KCl) Cu plate with benzimidazole overlayer","Overlayer","Cu","Benzimidazole","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Benzimidazole/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",41,null,"S. Zhong et al., Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chemical Communications 54, 11324-11327 (2018).",41,null,0,0,0]
[572,"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[573,"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of commercial Cu NPs on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-190\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[574,"PVDF overlayer on top of CuO NPs on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.22 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Liang, H.-Q. et al. Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water. ACS Catal 11, 958-966, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03766 (2021).",41,null,0,0,0]
[575,"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer (100 nm) on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.1000000000000001,"CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"M. Sassenburg et al., Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 5983-5994 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[576,"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu aerogel, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Aero/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,null,"C. Kim et al., Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2102142 (2021).",40,null,0,0,0]
[577,"Highly defective 150 nm Cu3N-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\n37-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO","-4.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"C. Zhao et al., In Situ Topotactic Transformation of an Interstitial Alloy for CO Electroreduction. Advanced Materials 32, 2002382 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V583,2))","v":40},null,0,1,0]
[578,"'Highly fragmented' CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragmented/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",40,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S584=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J584=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L584=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I584),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I584),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I584),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S584=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V584,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A584+1","v":579},"In-situ reduced, highly porous Cu2P2O7, on custom GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, P, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2P2O7","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ir black coated foam","?","? 95% CO2, 5% N2","CO2","-3.36 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",40,null,"J. Sang et al., A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202114238 (2022).",40,null,1,0,0]
[580,"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-115\nmA/cm2",40,null,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",40,null,0,0,0]
[581,"B/Cu alloy layer (5% B) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-B","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",40,null,1,0,0]
[582,"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst (Cu100Zn4.9), on carbon paper - prepared via co-plating","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",40,null,"T. Deng et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Energy,  (2023).",40,null,0,0,0]
[583,"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst co-electroplated from single plating bath, directly onto a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Zn/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M K2CO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,null,"X. Meng et al., Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts prepared by facial potential steps electrodeposition favoring Zn deposition and grain boundary formation for efficient CO2ER to ethylene. Fuel 369, 131775 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[584,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), mixed with carbon, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","\"proton exchange membrane\"","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[585,"Sn-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sn/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-6\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[586,"CuOx NPs coated with an ultrathin Pd shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-shell/CuOx_NP-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Du, X. et al. Ultrathin Palladium-loaded Cuprous oxide stabilises Copper(I) to facilitate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 685, 537-545, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.132 (2025).",40,null,0,0,0]
[587,"Cu NCs with 0.7 nm Pb shell, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Pb, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pb-shell/Cu_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",40,null,"P. Wang et al., Synergized Cu/Pb Core/Shell Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency CO2 Reduction to C2+ Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 1039-1047 (2021).",40,null,0,0,0]
[588,"Au/Cu alloy hollow NWs (Cu:Au of 5:1) prepared via galvanic displacement, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow_Au/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",40,null,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",40,null,0,1,0]
[589,"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich penta-twinned nanorods (1 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.62 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[590,"AgNO3 doping of CuO particles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu2O-Ag-0.6","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?",{"$nulls":4},"?","?","?","CO2","?","-1200 mA/cm2",40,null,"Su, W., et al. (2021). \"Highly dispersive trace silver decorated Cu/Cu2O composites boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol.\" Journal of CO2 Utilization 52: 101698.",40,null,1,0,0]
[591,"Ag/Cu catalysts were deposited by cosputtering with Cu and Ag targets ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag0.14/Cu0.86","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","?","-200 mA/cm2",40,null,"Li, Y. C., et al. (2019). \"Binding Site Diversity Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(21): 8584-8591.",40,null,0,0,0]
[592,"Ag surface-mofied CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",40,null,"Xu, J. et al. Ag-Precipitated CuO Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Sustainability 16, 5888 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[593,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.48 V vs. RHE","-500 mA/cm2",40,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[594,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-1.2 V vs. RHE","?",40,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",40,null,0,1,0]
[595,"Carbon/graphite toplayer on Cu2O dodecahedron NPs with a NH2-functionalized SiO2 shell supported on carbon midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O, N, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Si-NH2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh (1500 mesh)","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-292\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., SiO2 assisted Cu0–Cu+–NH2 composite interfaces for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 1218-1232 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[596,"Small Cu NPs supported on Cu-doped CeOx NRs, mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu,CeOx/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-610\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Yang, J. & Kuang, M. Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 20115-20120, doi:10.1039/D4TA01808G (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[597,"La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,null,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019).",40,null,0,0,0]
[598,"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA–3","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021).",40,null,0,1,0]
[599,"Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023).",40,null,0,0,0]
[600,"Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1","Core/shell","Cu, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[601,"Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[602,"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs (0.5 mg/cm2) mixed with Zn NSs (0.01 mg/cm2) and PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn_NS/B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",40,null,1,0,0]
[603,"1-methyl-benzimidazolium-functionalized paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one polymer on top of on Cu NPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","1-methyl-benzimidazolium, paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Me-benzimidazolium/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT (?)","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"L. Xue et al., Dual-Role of Polyelectrolyte-Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co-Electrolysis to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309519 (2023).",40,null,1,0,0]
[604,"Cu(100) crystal prepared via PVD of Cu on Si(100) crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)-PVD","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",39,null,"C. Hahn et al., Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 5918-5923 (2017).",39,null,0,0,0]
[605,"Commercial um-sized CuCl reduced in-situ, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuCl-derived_Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",39,null,"T. Qin, Y. Qian, F. Zhang, B.-L. Lin, Cloride-derived copper electrode for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chinese Chemical Letters 30, 314-318 (2019).",39,null,0,0,0]
[606,"Al/Cu alloy layer (5% Al) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Al","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",39,null,1,0,0]
[607,"B-doped dendritic Cu (B gradient at surface) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_dendrite2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V\nvs. SHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"M. Löffelholz et al., Optimized scalable CuB catalyst with promising carbon footprint for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 3, 100035 (2023).",39,null,1,0,0]
[608,"B-doped (0.15 at. %) CuO NSs,on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Z. Li et al., Boron-modified CuO as catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 towards C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 647, 158919 (2024).",39,null,0,0,0]
[609,"Mg-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mg, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.72 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",39,null,1,0,0]
[610,"Au NPs (0.7 at.%) supported on Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Z. Wei, S. Yue, S. Gao, M. Cao, R. Cao, Synergetic effects of gold-doped copper nanowires with low Au content for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. Nano Research 16, 7777-7783 (2023).",39,null,0,0,0]
[611,"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NWs grown on Cu-sputtered, etched FTO substrate","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",39,null,"J. Gao, D. Ren, X. Guo, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C–C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: a study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discussions 215, 282-296 (2019).",39,null,0,0,0]
[612,"Synthesis of Cu2O NCs doped by AgNO3, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","dCu2O/Ag1.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-2.1 V vs. RHE","800 mA/cm2",39,null,"Wang, P., et al. (2022). \"Boosting electrocatalytic CO2–to–ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling.\" Nature Communications 13(1): 3754.",39,null,1,0,0]
[613,"Ce(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",39,null,1,0,0]
[614,"Cu NPs (5 nm) supported on rod-shaped CeO2 particles, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-rod/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",39,null,"X. L. Senlin Chu, Alex W. Robertson, Zhenyu Sun, Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene over CeO2-Supported Cu Nanoparticles: Effect of Exposed Facets of CeO2. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 37, 2009023- (2021).",39,null,0,0,0]
[615,"CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",39,null,0,1,0]
[616,"Diphenyliodonium salt-derived electrografted overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Diphenyliodonium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diphenyliodonium/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",39,null,"N. B. Watkins, Y. Wu, W. Nie, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In Situ Deposited Polyaromatic Layer Generates Robust Copper Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Variable pH. ACS Energy Letters 8, 189-195 (2023).",39,null,0,0,0]
[617,"Cu (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",38,null,1,0,0]
[618,"Electrochemically polished Cu foil","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Echem-polish/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-1.4\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal 8, 7445-7454, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01200 (2018).",38,null,0,1,0]
[619,"'Fragment' CuOx-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.76 V\nvs. RHE","-59\nmA/cm2",38,null,"T.-T. Zhuang et al., Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nature Catalysis 1, 946-951 (2018).",38,null,0,1,0]
[620,"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",38,null,0,1,0]
[621,"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,null,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[622,"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,null,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",38,null,0,1,0]
[623,"CeO2 NPs  overlayer interfaced with CuOx layer, on Cu foil - prepared via drop-casting and drying at 110 C","Overlayer","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2-overlayer/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Z. Zhao, X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, H. B. Wu, CeO2-modified Cu electrode for efficient CO2 electroreduction to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 54, 101741 (2021).",38,null,0,0,0]
[624,"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods on glassy carbon - prepared via galvanic displacement of lithiated CeO2 rods","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Yin et al., Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering. ACS Catal 12, 1004-1011 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[625,"CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Eu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",38,null,1,0,0]
[626,"\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE","Supported","Cu, C","Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu","?","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,null,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999).",38,null,0,0,0]
[627,"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",38,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[628,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Ru-doped (4% and 1 %,  XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Ru/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",38,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",38,null,0,1,0]
[629,"Commercial spherical Cu microparticles with native CuOx film and nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO","-0.78 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Li et al., Effectively Increased Efficiency for Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Using Supported Polycrystalline Copper Powder Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 9, 4709-4718 (2019).",38,null,0,1,0]
[630,"Well-defined porous copper layer with controlled pore size (30 nm), depth (40 nm) and interspacing, on stainless steel","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mesoporous/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",37,null,"K. D. Yang et al., Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angewandte Chemie 129, 814-818 (2017).",37,null,0,0,0]
[631,"Cu layer magnetron-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-222\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",37,null,1,0,0]
[632,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Al alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[633,"Cu NWs decorated with Ni-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",37,null,1,0,0]
[634,"Co TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",37,null,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",37,null,0,0,0]
[635,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ga alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[636,"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[637,"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",37,null,0,1,0]
[638,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag-doped (4 wt%, XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",37,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",37,null,0,1,0]
[639,"Ag−Cu NDs were synthesized using a seed-mediated method, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1−Cu1.1 NDs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-1 mA/cm2",37,null,"Huang, J., et al. (2019). \"Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag–Cu Nanodimers.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(6): 2490-2499.",37,null,0,0,0]
[640,"H2-annealed Cu-doped SiOx NPs (thermal treatment results in Cu aggregation), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx/SiO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"X. Tan et al., Stabilizing Copper by a Reconstruction-Resistant Atomic Cu–O–Si Interface for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8656-8664 (2023).",37,null,0,0,0]
[641,"CuO NPs supported on \"3D spherical CeO2\" with many oxygen vacancies (Cu:Ce of 7:3), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO/CeO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Yang, Z. et al. Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 495, 153506, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153506 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V647,2))","v":37},null,0,0,0]
[642,"CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,null,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023).",37,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S648=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J648=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L648=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I648),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I648),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I648),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S648=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V648,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A648+1","v":643},"CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt grid","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022).",37,null,0,0,0]
[644,"SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Sr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA_3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,null,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022).",37,null,1,0,0]
[645,"CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",36,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",36,null,0,1,0]
[646,"Electrochemically reduced nanosheet-like mixed metal Cu5Al1Ox, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",36,null,"X. Wen et al., Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons. Vacuum 222, 112974 (2024).",36,null,0,0,0]
[647,"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-Phase/Janus","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe-TMC/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",36,null,"M. Wang et al., Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with Fe-porphyrins and Cu nanocubes enhances ethylene production. Chemical Science 13, 12673-12680 (2022).",36,null,0,0,0]
[648,"Au/Cu janus-type NPs consisting of concave Au NCs linked with hollow quasi-spherical Cu particles (ca. 118 nm) (Au:Cu ratio of 1:24), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NCs/Hollow_Cu-sphere","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2"," -0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-480\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Y. Zheng et al., Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2201695 (2022).",36,null,1,0,0]
[649,"Cu NPs supported on Graphdiyne doped with Ag, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag–Cu/GDY","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion N-115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",36,null,"Zhu, Q., et al. (2023). \"Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products.\" Nanoscale 15(5): 2106-2113.",36,null,0,0,0]
[650,"Synthesised Ag NPs were doped with copper acetate and PVP, on a GDL","Core shell, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu 10%","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 plated sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-375 mA/cm2",36,null,"Cai, Z., et al. (2023). \"Hierarchical Ag-Cu interfaces promote C-C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 325: 122310.",36,null,1,0,0]
[651,"CuO NPs mixed with amorphous ZrO2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph-ZrO2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Pt-Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Kim, D., Yun, H., Kim, J., Lee, C. W. & Hwang, Y. J. Enhanced C–C coupling of Cu-based catalysts via zirconia-driven carbonate interaction for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 23780-23788, doi:10.1039/D4TA04707A (2024).",36,null,1,0,0]
[652,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1",null,"Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023).",36,null,0,0,0]
[653,"Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,null,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018).",36,null,0,0,0]
[654,"CNP and graphite layers on top of CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",36,null,1,0,0]
[655,"In-situ electroplated Cu NCs, prepared via oxidative/reductive cycling in Cl- containing solution, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",35,null,"P. Grosse et al., Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects. Angewandte Chemie 130, 6300-6305 (2018).",35,null,0,0,0]
[656,"CNP and graphite toplayers, on CuO/CuAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",35,null,1,0,0]
[657,"Mg-doped CuOX NPs containing amorphous Mg(OH)2, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.37 V\nvs. RHE","-279\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[658,"Cu83Zn17 catalyst, on Au substrate - prepared via co-plating","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",35,null,"J.-J. Velasco-Vélez et al., Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy. Advanced Sustainable Systems 7, 2200453 (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[659,"Dual-single atom Cu/Zn (3:1 ratio) deposited on N-functionalized amorphous/graphitic carbon, on Toray carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",35,null,"G. Dong et al., Manipulating electrochemical CO2 reduction pathway by engineering energy level of Cu/Zn dual-metal single atom catalysts. Applied Surface Science 660, 159956 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[660,"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-700\nmA/cm2",35,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",35,null,0,1,0]
[661,"Pd surface doped (0.002 at. %) CuN3 NCs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuN3_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Charge-Separated Pdδ−–Cuδ+ Atom Pairs Promote CO2 Reduction to C2. Nano Letters 23, 2312-2320 (2023).",35,null,1,0,0]
[662,"Pd NCs (ca. 20 nm) with a 'thick' (15 nm) Cu shell, ","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-shell/Pd_NC-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Liu, S. et al. Epitaxial Growth of Atomic-Layer Cu on Pd Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Chemistry of Materials, doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02541 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[663,"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",35,null,0,1,0]
[664,"Ni-based SAC mixed with Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[665,"Cu-Ag bimetallic catalysts by simultaneous galvanic replacement, on a glass carbon electrode","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg0.025 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","?",35,null,"Li, M., et al. (2023). \"Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol.\" Advanced Science 10(2): 2204579.",35,null,0,0,0]
[666,"Mixed Ag/Cu-melamine complex, on carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ag","Nafion, melamine","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu_melamine","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",35,null,"Suliman, M. H. et al. CO2 electroreduction to C2 products on bimetallic silver copper melamine complexes. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 14, 100355, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100355 (2025).",35,null,1,0,0]
[667,"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",35,null,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",35,null,0,1,0]
[668,"Ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell (3.4 nm) around Cu NP core (<90 nm) (1% Si), on GDL","Core/Shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.2 V\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",35,null,"M. Wang et al., Hydrophobic SiO2 Armor: Stabilizing Cuδ+ to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS Nano,  (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[669,"Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 424","(CEM)","3 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,null,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017).",35,null,0,0,0]
[670,"Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL",25,1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,null,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022).",35,null,0,1,0]
[671,"Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper","Supported, SAC","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,null,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[672,"CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",35,null,1,0,0]
[673,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",35,null,0,1,0]
[674,"Post-annealed, electrodeposited Cu2O MPs \"supported on\" roughened N-doped graphite paper","Supported","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/N-graphite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Yan, Z. et al. The in situ growth of Cu2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, 6742-6749, doi:10.1039/D1CY01099A (2021).",35,null,0,0,0]
[675,"N-doped graphene quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/graphene-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-348\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",35,null,1,0,0]
[676,"Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C","Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,null,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020).",35,null,0,0,0]
[677,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",35,null,0,1,0]
[678,"Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Se","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,null,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[679,"Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pt","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[680,"Pd-doped, agglomerated defective Ag/CuOx nanosheets derived from CuOx NPs with Au seed (\"Pd0.7Cu40.0Ag59.3\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Ag/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-502\nmA/cm2",35,null,"D. L. Haoyu Sun, Yuanyuan Min, Yingying Wang, Yanyun Ma, Yiqun Zheng, Hongwen Huang, Hierarchical Palladium-Copper-Silver Porous Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 40, 2307007- (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[681,"Co-plated P-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","P/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",34,null,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",34,null,0,0,0]
[682,"Porous Cu MPs prepared via dealloying Al2Cu pre-cursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al2Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8􀀀 50-X","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-75\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Z. Qi et al., Scalable fabrication of high activity nanoporous copper powders for electrochemical CO2 reduction via ball milling and dealloying. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45, 101454 (2021).",34,null,1,0,0]
[683,"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (B) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, C, N, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",34,null,0,0,0]
[684,"Core/shell NPs with Cu2O shell (ca. 60 nm) and ZnO core (ca. 30 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-core/Cu2O-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",34,null,"S. Zhu et al., Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products. Catalysts 11, 535 (2021).",34,null,1,0,0]
[685,"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[686,"Janus catalyst composed of Cu decahedra NPs grown on Pd seed (46.2:1 at. ratio Cu/Pd), supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Janus-Pd/Cu_decahedra","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Z. Lyu et al., Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 149-162 (2021).",34,null,0,0,0]
[687,"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (98:2 wt. ratio) deposited via electroplating on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plated_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"C. Zhu et al., Cu–Pd Bimetallic Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small Structures 4, 2200328 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[688,"Alloyed Pb/Cu NPs (Cu:Pb ratio of 0.2%, possibly phase-separated) mixed with CNPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO","-2.4 V\nvs. SCE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"M. Schwartz, M. E. Vercauteren, A. F. Sammells, Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, 3119 (1994).",34,null,0,1,0]
[689,"Ga/Cu alloy layer (5% Ga) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ga","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",34,null,1,0,0]
[690,"Metal powder mixed and heated up to 2650 °C, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, C","Teflon","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu:Ag 0.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO","-2.3 V vs. SCE","-200 mA/cm2","34",null,"Schwartz, M., et al. (1994). \"Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals.\" Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141(11): 3119.",34,null,0,1,0]
[691,"Synthesis of CuO NPs followed by addition of AgOCOCF3 making core shell, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag0.1nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V vs. RHE","-110 mA/cm2",34,null,"Kuhn, A. N., et al. (2021). \"Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials.\" Advanced Functional Materials 31(26): 2101668.",34,null,1,0,0]
[692,"Exchange of Ag+ ions from Cu nanosheets, on a glass carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CA-foil-20-40","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",34,null,"Li, J., et al. (2021). \"Copper sulfide as the cation exchange template for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.\" RSC Advances 11(39): 23948-23959.",34,null,0,0,0]
[693,"Cu impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",34,null,0,0,0]
[694,"Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,null,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019).",34,null,0,1,0]
[695,"\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)","TMC, supported","Cu","[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Astom Co. ASE","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,null,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020).",34,null,0,0,0]
[696,"Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,null,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020).",34,null,0,0,0]
[697,"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7",null,"J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[698,"Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023).",34,null,1,0,0]
[699,"Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pt, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024).",34,null,1,0,0]
[700,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Au-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Au/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-400\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",34,null,0,1,0]
[701,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Pd-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Pd/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",34,null,0,1,0]
[702,"Electropolymerized N-tolyl pyridinium-based overlayer on Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl pyridinium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-tolyl/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.41 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",34,null,"W. Nie, G. P. Heim, N. B. Watkins, T. Agapie, J. C. Peters, Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202216102 (2023).",34,null,1,0,0]
[703,"Electrodeposited Cu, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO","-0.98 V\nvs. RHE","-87\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Sullivan, I. et al. A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, 16964-16970, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04959 (2019).",33,null,0,1,0]
[704,"Laser-prepared Cu/Zn alloy NPs (7-15 nm, 4:1 ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Laser/Zn-Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Y. Feng et al., Laser-Prepared CuZn Alloy Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544-13549 (2018).",33,null,0,0,0]
[705,"Pb-doped (3.4 wt%) Cu2O nanosheets, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu2O_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",33,null,"X. Ma et al., Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Green Chemistry 25, 7635-7641 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V711,2))","v":33},null,1,0,0]
[706,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Fe-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Fe, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",33,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",33,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S712=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J712=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L712=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I712),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I712),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I712),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S712=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V712,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A712+1","v":707},"Ag nanocrystals with copper overlayer, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B,","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu2O seg-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-102 mA/cm2",33,null,"Yu, F., et al. (2023). \"Multilayer-Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products.\" Small 19(38): 2301558.",33,null,1,0,0]
[708,"Electrodeposited CuAgx on carbon support","Mixed-phae/Janus, A-supports-B, dendritic","Cu, Ag","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V vs. RHE","-11 mA/cm2",33,null,"Liu, H., et al. (2024). \"High-performance carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products on EDTA-modified Cu–Ag tandem catalyst.\" Journal of Catalysis 429: 115227.",33,null,0,0,0]
[709,"CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",33,null,1,0,0]
[710,"Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-dopedGO/Cu-NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,null,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020).",33,null,0,0,0]
[711,"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperION (or Sustainion?)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO",40,"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",33,null,0,1,0]
[712,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Sn (Cu/Sn wt of ca. 40), with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Sn, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuSn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",33,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",33,null,0,0,0]
[713,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Ag, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Ag, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuAg","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",33,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",33,null,0,0,0]
[714,"Co-plated B-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",32,null,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",32,null,0,0,0]
[715,"B-doped CuOX NPs (\"B0.02M\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-0.97 V\nvs. RHE","-163\nmA/cm2",32,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",32,null,1,0,0]
[716,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Ni-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-49\nmA/cm2",32,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[717,"Ni clusters deposited through galvanic displacement on CuS-derived roughened Cu foam","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni_NP/Cu-foam","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion\n37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",22,"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-268\nmA/cm2",32,null,"X. Zhang et al., Atomic nickel cluster decorated defect-rich copper for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291, 120030 (2021).",32,null,1,0,0]
[718,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Co-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",32,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[719,"Synthesized Ag nanowires were mixed with Cu(OAc)2 generating Ag@CuOx-X","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@CuOx-32","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-16 mA/cm2",32,null,"Chang, C.-J., et al. (2019). \"Quantitatively Unraveling the Redox Shuttle of Spontaneous Oxidation/Electroreduction of CuOx on Silver Nanowires Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.\" ACS Central Science 5(12): 1998-2009.",32,null,0,0,0]
[720,"Self prepared  Cu np were doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution creating Ag shell","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag-2 NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-23 mA/cm2",32,null,"Zhang, S., et al. (2021). \"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward C2 Valuables on Cu@Ag Core-Shell Tandem Catalyst with Tunable Shell Thickness.\" Small 17(37): 2102293.",32,null,1,0,0]
[721,"Ag NPs (25 wt%) anchored on Cu NWs with a 4, 4’-bipyridine linker, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",32,null,"Gao, X. et al. Intermediate-regulated dynamic restructuring at Ag-Cu biphasic interface enables selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ fuels. Nature Communications 15, 10331, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 (2024).",32,null,0,0,0]
[722,"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu2S-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, S, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu2S/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-230†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",32,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",32,null,1,0,0]
[723,"Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,null,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[724,"Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL","?",1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,null,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023).",32,null,1,0,0]
[725,"Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,null,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023).",32,null,0,0,0]
[726,"P-doped Cu NPs (P/Cu of 0.075), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",31,null,"H. Chen et al., Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cuδ+ sites. Applied Surface Science 544, 148965 (2021).",31,null,0,0,0]
[727,"CuPd NPs (1:0.383 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-0.5%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.74 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",31,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[728,"Disordered Cu/Pd NPs (1.1:1 atomic ratio), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",31,null,0,1,0]
[729,"Pd/Cu alloy layer (5% Pd) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Pd","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",31,null,1,0,0]
[730,"Cu NPs supported on Ni-N/C , on glassy carbon","Tandem catalyst, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ni_C,N","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.09 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",31,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[731,"Thermally annealed Cu-Ga LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Ga_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-522\nmA/cm2",31,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[732,"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-1800\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[733,"Cu NWs decorated with Fe-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",31,null,1,0,0]
[734,"Single atom Fe sites on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Single atom","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-SAC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S.-F. Hung et al., A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nature Communications 13, 819 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[735,"Cu-BTC doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ag/NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",31,null,"Zou, X., et al. (2023). \"Nitrogen-doped carbon confined Cu-Ag bimetals for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to high-order products.\" Chemical Engineering Journal 468: 143606.",31,null,0,0,0]
[736,"Ag2Cu2O3 synthesised from Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, on a GDL","Alloyed","Cu, Ag, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag2Cu2O3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M CsHCO3 ","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1 M CsHCO3 ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ti sheet coated with Ir-MMO","?",1,"CO","?","-200 mA/cm2",31,null,"Martić, N., et al. (2020). \"Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products.\" Energy & Environmental Science 13(9): 2993-3006.",31,null,0,1,0]
[737,"5 nm Ag layer sputter-deposited on Cu sputtered (100 nm) GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","CO2"," -2.82 V vs. ANODE","-200 mA/cm2",31,null,"Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk Layering Effects of Ag and Cu for Tandem CO2 Electrolysis. ChemSusChem n/a, e202401769, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401769.",31,null,0,0,0]
[738,"Cu NPs (40 wt%) supported on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 nanoflakes, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti407","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",31,null,0,1,0]
[739,"Cu/CeOx bi-phasic heterodimers (24 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ce(OH)x-Janus_like/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S. B. Varandili et al., Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 9, 5035-5046 (2019).",31,null,0,0,0]
[740,"Few-atom thick Cu shell on CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_SHELL/CeO2_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,null,"T. Yang et al., Interfacial Synergy between the Cu Atomic Layer and CeO2 Promotes CO Electrocoupling to Acetate. ACS Nano 17, 8521-8529 (2023).",31,null,0,1,0]
[741,"CuO NPs (30 nm) supported on CeO2 NCs (230 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NP/CeO2_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Tian, Y. et al. Membrane-free Electrocatalysis of CO2 to C2 on CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Frontiers in Chemistry 10, doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.915759 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[742,"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,null,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[743,"4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,null,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[744,"High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,null,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019).",31,null,0,0,0]
[745,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[746,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[747,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[748,"Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Sc","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",31,null,1,0,0]
[749,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",31,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[750,"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag/Pd alloy shell (Cu79Ag16Pd5), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",31,null,0,0,0]
[751,"Calcined (800 °C) Cu/Al LDH pre-cursor, yielding CuAl2O4/CuO NPs, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","PK-3-K-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",30,null,"T. Zhang, B. Yuan, W. Wang, J. He, X. Xiang, Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202302096 (2023).",30,null,1,0,0]
[752,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/B alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",30,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",30,null,1,0,0]
[753,"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",30,null,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",30,null,0,0,0]
[754,"Cu NWs decorated with Zn-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",30,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",30,null,1,0,0]
[755,"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Core shell, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu-20","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","Not found",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauge",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",30,null,"Chang, Z., et al. (2017). \"The Tunable and Highly Selective Reduction Products on Ag@Cu Bimetallic Catalysts Toward CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction.\" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121(21): 11368-11379.",30,null,0,0,0]
[756,"Prepared by high-energy ball milling CuO particles with Ag powders, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OD)0.9Ag0.1","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVAGC Inc.","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO","-0.57 V vs. RHE","-133 mA/cm2","30",null,"Li, J., et al. (2023). \"Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu–Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 698.",30,null,0,1,0]
[757,"Alloyed by melting and cryogrinding, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?",null," ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",30,null,"Nellaiappan, S., et al. (2020). \"High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization.\" ACS Catalysis 10(6): 3658-3663.",30,null,0,0,0]
[758,"Cu cubes were sythesised and then doped with AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-233 mA/cm2",30,null,"Niu, D., et al. (2021). \"Cu2O-Ag Tandem Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2 Products.\" Molecules 26(8): 2175.",30,null,1,0,0]
[759,"Silicon wafers covered by Cu and Ag by reactive sputtering","Janus, two-phase","Cu, Ag, (Si)","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-sputter/Cu,Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",30,null,"Lum, Y. and J. W. Ager (2018). \"Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu.\" Energy & Environmental Science 11(10): 2935-2944.",30,null,0,0,0]
[760,"CuSiO3 long nanotubes, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_nanotubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-19\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",30,null,0,0,0]
[761,"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-161†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",30,null,1,0,0]
[762,"(Single atomic) Cu-doped (\"4%\") CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Single atom, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/CeO2_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Single-Atomic Cu with Multiple Oxygen Vacancies on Ceria for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4. ACS Catal 8, 7113-7119, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01014 (2018).",30,null,0,0,0]
[763,"Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Er, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",30,null,0,0,0]
[764,"Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,null,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023).",30,null,0,0,0]
[765,"High entrypy AuAgPtPdCu NPs (16 +- 10 nm)  with single atom Cu sites, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA/Cu-SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-14 mA/cm2",30,null,"S. Nellaiappan et al., High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization. ACS Catal 10, 3658-3663 (2020).",30,null,0,0,0]
[766,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO","-0.43 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",29,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",29,null,0,1,0]
[767,"\"CuPd(100) interface catalyst\" prepared starting from Pd NPs, supported on Kochin black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd(100)/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",29,null,"L. Zhu et al., Tuning the intermediate reaction barriers by a CuPd catalyst to improve the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, 1500-1508 (2021).",29,null,0,0,0]
[768,"AgNO3 doping of CuO NP ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","10 Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V vs. RHE","-52 mA/cm2",29,null,"Kim, Y. E., et al. (2023). \"Ag decorated-Cu2O catalysts with enhanced selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2+ products.\" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5): 111028.",29,null,0,0,0]
[769,"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on TiO2 NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/TiO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-116\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V775,2))","v":29},null,0,1,0]
[770,"Cu/CeOx NPs with oxygen vacancies prepared via N2H4 as a reducing agent, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","? -16\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Xue, L. et al. Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 100, 66-76, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.025 (2025).",29,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S776=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J776=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L776=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I776),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I776),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I776),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S776=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V776,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A776+1","v":771},"Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,null,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021).",29,null,0,0,0]
[772,"Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",29,null,1,0,0]
[773,"Thermally annealed Cu-Al LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Al_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-951\nmA/cm2",28,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",28,null,1,0,0]
[774,"Thermally annealed Cu-Mg LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Mg_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-505\nmA/cm2",28,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",28,null,1,0,0]
[775,"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich nanocubes (2 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-150\nmA/cm2",28,null,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",28,null,1,0,0]
[776,"Au-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",28,null,1,0,0]
[777,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ag alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",28,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",28,null,1,0,0]
[778,"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag alloy shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",28,null,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",28,null,0,0,0]
[779,"Ag-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",28,null,1,0,0]
[780,"CuOx impregnated in mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) mixed with PTFE, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","mesoporous-SiO2/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fuma FAA-PK-13","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Cheng, L. et al. Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Performance through Si-Doped CuO: Stabilization of Cu+/Cu0 Sites and Improved C2 Product Selectivity. ACS Catal 14, 10324-10333, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c01961 (2024).",28,null,1,0,0]
[781,"La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"X37-50 anion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,null,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022).",28,null,1,0,0]
[782,"Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Tb, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",28,null,0,0,0]
[783,"Hydrogen annealed, Cu-MOF derived Cu NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",28,null,1,0,0]
[784,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Ag1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Ag1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",28,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",28,null,0,0,0]
[785,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Pd1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",27,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",27,null,0,1,0]
[786,"Cu NPs mixed with (in-situ formed) PdO2 NPs ‘dissolved’/dispersed in an IL polymer layer, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdO2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",27,null,"X.-Q. Li, G.-Y. Duan, X.-X. Yang, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-electron reduction products using poly(ionic liquid)-based Cu-Pd catalyst. Fundamental Research 2, 937-945 (2022).",27,null,1,0,0]
[787,"Co-doped (\"0.4%\") Cu NWs, grown on Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, Core/Shell","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",27,null,"Sanaz, S. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on cobalt decorated copper catalysts. Chemical Synthesis 4, 44 (2024).",27,null,0,0,0]
[788,"Ga(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ga, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",27,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",27,null,1,0,0]
[789,"Sytheses of NP with in AgNO3 and Cu(acac)2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","(AgCu)50-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",27,null,"Zha, J., et al. (2023). \"Surface Site-Specific Replacement for Catalysis Selectivity Switching.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15(3): 3985-3992.",27,null,1,0,0]
[790,"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,null,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",27,null,0,0,0]
[791,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Au1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Au1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",27,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",27,null,0,0,0]
[792,"B-doped Cu2O NWs, on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Y. Yao et al., Restraining lattice oxygen of Cu2O by enhanced Cu–O hybridization for selective and stable production of ethylene with CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20914-20923 (2022).",26,null,0,0,0]
[793,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Ni1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ni/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",26,null,0,1,0]
[794,"Cu−Ag NCs synthesized by galvanic exchange of Cu(0) with Ag-trifluoroacetate (Ag-TFA), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Ag0.15/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","carbon cloth",25,"?","CO2","-1.13 V vs. RHE","-288 mA/cm2",26,null,"Choukroun, D., et al. (2021). \"Mapping Composition–Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu–Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction.\" ACS Nano 15(9): 14858-14872.",26,null,0,0,0]
[795,"Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pr, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",26,null,0,0,0]
[796,"Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024).",26,null,0,0,0]
[797,"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",26,null,1,0,0]
[798,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",26,null,0,1,0]
[799,"Pd-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",25,null,1,0,0]
[800,"Air-oxidized Cu/Ni alloy NPs (19% Ni), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alloy/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",25,null,"T. M. Suzuki et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nanoparticles derived from an oxidized Cu–Ni intermetallic alloy. Chemical Communications 56, 15008-15011 (2020).",25,null,0,0,0]
[801,"Co-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Co, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",25,null,1,0,0]
[802,"Cu9Ag1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.65 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",25,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",25,null,0,1,0]
[803,"Ce4+- (ion, not oxide) doped CuO NPs (100 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce4+-doped/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Ce,1",null,"Y. Sun et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 via Unconventional Hybridization: High-Order Ce4+ 4f and O 2p Interaction in Ce-Cu2O for Stabilizing Cu+. ACS Nano 17, 13974-13984 (2023).",25,null,0,0,0]
[804,"Cu NPs supported on hollow CeO2 NCs (CeO2:Cu = 1:4), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/hollow-CeO2_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V\nvs. RHE","?",25,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Cerium Dioxide-Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products. ChemSusChem n/a, e202402097, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402097.",25,null,1,0,0]
[805,"CuOx NPs supported on CeO2 NRs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt \"flake\"","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Deng, Q. et al. Revealing the construction of CuOCe interfacial sites via increased support utilization for enhanced CO2 electroreduction and Li-CO2 batteries. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 651, 883-893, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.054 (2023).",25,null,0,0,0]
[806,"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,null,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019).",25,null,0,0,0]
[807,"MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper","Supported, MOF","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,null,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020).",25,null,0,0,0]
[808,"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",25,null,0,1,0]
[809,"CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1",null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",25,null,1,0,0]
[810,"Au NPs (\"small\") supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement mixed with Ni-SAC, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra/Ni-SAC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",25,null,0,0,0]
[811,"Semi-porous Cu3Zn-derived NPs, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Zn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.15 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",24,null,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",24,null,1,0,0]
[812,"SnO2-decorated (3 %) CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",24,null,"Y. Lan, G. Niu, F. Wang, D. Cui, Z. Hu, SnO2-Modified Two-Dimensional CuO for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, 36128-36136 (2020).",24,null,0,0,0]
[813,"Cu/Sn alloy NPs (3 % Sn) mixed with Vulcan Carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","?",24,null,"Dauda, M. et al. Activity and Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at CuSnx Electrocatalysts Using a Zero-Gap Membrane Electrode Assembly. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, 084503, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6fd7 (2024).",24,null,1,0,0]
[814,"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NPs/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",24,null,"X. Cao et al., Enhanced Ethylene Formation from Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Sequential Catalysis on Au Decorated Cubic Cu2O Electrocatalyst. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 2353-2364 (2021).",24,null,0,0,0]
[815,"Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)","Supported, MOF","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,null,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021).",24,null,0,0,0]
[816,"Glycine overlayer on top Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Glycine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Gly/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-\nmA/cm2",24,null,"M. S. Xie et al., Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy & Environmental Science 9, 1687-1695 (2016).",24,null,0,0,0]
[817,"Cu NPs in an ionic liquid polymer impregnated with SnCl2 (1 mol% vs. Cu), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sn, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnCl2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","80% CO,\n20% N2","CO","?","-250\nmA/cm2",23,null,"Y.-R. Du et al., Sn-based redox cycle mediated microenvironment regulation of Cu sites on poly(ionic liquid) enhance electrocatalytic CO-to-C2+ conversion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 337, 122969 (2023).",23,null,0,1,0]
[818,"Cu/Ga alloy NPs (4 at. % Ga), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ga/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",23,null,"V. Okatenko et al., Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 5370-5383 (2023).",23,null,0,0,0]
[819,"Au NPs (8 nm) linked via bipyridine to Cu NWs (50 nm) supported on CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, C","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Linked_Au-NP/Cu-NW","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",23,null,"J. Fu et al., Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 14100-14103 (2019).",23,null,0,0,0]
[820,"Cu coated Ag core shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","PTFE powder","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag core / porous Cu shell","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V vs. RHE","-137 mA/cm2",23,null,"Junqueira, J. R. C., et al. (2021). \"Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" ChemElectroChem 8(24): 4848-4853.",23,null,0,0,0]
[821,"Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",23,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",23,null,1,0,0]
[822,"Chemically dealloyed (5 M NaOH, 50 °C) Al90Cu7.5Ce2.5 ribbons, with remaining traces of Al (2.2 at %), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al-doped/CuOx-CeOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR vs. RHE","- 98 mA/cm2",23,null,"T. Kou et al., Amorphous CeO2–Cu Heterostructure Enhances CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Alcohols. ACS Materials Letters 4, 1999-2008 (2022).",23,null,1,0,0]
[823,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Zn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Zn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",22,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",22,null,0,1,0]
[824,"Cu/Co (4% Co) alloy NPs prepared via co-electroplating on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_alloyNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",22,null,"Y. Takatsuji et al., Highly Selective Methane Production Through Electrochemical CO2 reduction by Electrolytically Plated Cu-Co Electrode. Electrocatalysis 10, 29-34 (2019).",22,null,0,0,0]
[825,"Fe-doped (1.3 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",22,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",22,null,0,0,0]
[826,"Au/Cu alloy layer (5% Au) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Au","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",22,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",22,null,1,0,0]
[827,"Galvanic replacement from Cu to Ag to achieve in situ formation of CuAg ensembles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu9Ag1 NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",22,null,"Choi, C., et al. (2021). \"Intimate atomic Cu-Ag interfaces for high CO2RR selectivity towards CH4 at low over potential.\" Nano Research 14(10): 3497-3501.",22,null,0,0,0]
[828,"CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh 100","?",1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,null,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",22,null,0,0,0]
[829,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,null,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022).",22,null,0,1,0]
[830,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",22,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",22,null,0,0,0]
[831,"Galvanic displacement driven surface-Au doped Cu microcones on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-doped/Cu_microcone","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,null,"S. Shen et al., AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol. Small 15, 1902229 (2019).",21,null,0,0,0]
[832,"Hollow Cu NPs with Au NPs inside of them, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-in-hollow-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,null,"R. Zhang et al., Highly stability Cu+ species in hollow Cu2O nanoreactors by modulating cavity size for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 461, 142052 (2023).",21,null,0,0,0]
[833,"Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V839,2))","v":21},null,1,0,0]
[834,"Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,null,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",21,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S840=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J840=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L840=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I840),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I840),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I840),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S840=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V840,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A840+1","v":835},"Exfoliated B/Cu-based MOF (“BIF-104(Cu)”) nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall AgOx NPs mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, B, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag_NP/B,Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",21,null,"P. Shao et al., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene via Copper−Silver Tandem Catalyst in Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2300088 (2023).",21,null,0,0,0]
[836,"Cu shell/Au core NPs (50 nm) with elemental gradient, on GDL","Core/shell (gradient)","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gradient Au(core)/Cu(shell)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-0.1\nmA/cm2",20,null,"J. Huang et al., Bimetallic Au-Cu gradient alloy for electrochemical CO2 reduction into C2H4 at low overpotential. Journal of Catalysis 415, 134-141 (2022).",20,null,0,0,0]
[837,"Cu particles electroplated on 'wrinkled' Au substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/wrinkled_Au","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",20,null,"Rakhsha, A. et al. Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products. Nano Energy 133, 110457, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110457 (2025).",20,null,0,0,0]
[838,"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,null,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[839,"Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,null,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[840,"Tensile strained Cu overlayer (32 nm)  on NiTi sheet","Overlayer","Cu, Ti, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Strained/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",20,null,"M. Du, X. Zhao, G. Zhu, H.-Y. Hsu, F. Liu, Elastic strain controlling the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on Cu overlayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 4933-4944 (2021).",20,null,0,0,0]
[841,"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, La, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-120\nmA/cm2",20,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",20,null,1,0,0]
[842,"Gd0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Gd, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",20,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",20,null,1,0,0]
[843,"Electropolymerized ethynyl and azide-based overlayer with in-situ generated distrubted Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Overlayer","Cu","Ethynyl-precursor, azide-precursor","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electropolymer/Cu-NPs/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",20,null,"R. Igarashi, R. Takeuchi, K. Kubo, T. Mizuta, S. Kume, On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper (I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Frontiers in Chemistry 7, 860 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[844,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Sn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",19,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",19,null,0,1,0]
[845,"Alloy/mixed metal Ga/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Ga-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",19,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",19,null,1,0,0]
[846,"7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,null,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016).",19,null,0,0,0]
[847,"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,null,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",19,null,0,0,0]
[848,"Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,null,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018).",19,null,0,0,0]
[849,"Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sc","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",18,null,1,0,0]
[850,"CNP and graphite layers on top of reduced CuZnO alloy catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",17,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",17,null,1,0,0]
[851,"Fe-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Fe, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.9 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",17,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",17,null,1,0,0]
[852,"Zr(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",17,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",17,null,1,0,0]
[853,"Pr0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Pr, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",17,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",17,null,1,0,0]
[854,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Sn alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",16,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",16,null,1,0,0]
[855,"Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mo","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion® AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,null,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021).",16,null,0,0,0]
[856,"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:1/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-102\nmA/cm2",15,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",15,null,1,0,0]
[857,"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",15,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",15,null,1,0,0]
[858,"TiO2 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",15,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",15,null,1,0,0]
[859,"CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,null,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",15,null,0,0,0]
[860,"Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",15,null,0,0,0]
[861,"Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, W","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",14,null,1,0,0]
[862,"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu57Ag43_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-15 mA/cm2",13,null,"Wei, D., et al. (2023). \"Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Ag−Cu Bimetallic Surface Alloys for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62(19): e202217369.",13,null,0,0,0]
[863,"Alloy/mixed metal Hf/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Hf","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Hf-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",13,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",13,null,1,0,0]
[864,"Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",12,null,0,0,0]
[865,"Ni-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Ni, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",10,null,1,0,0]
[866,"Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mn, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",10,null,1,0,0]
[867,"Au NPs (10 nm) on top of electropolished monocrystalline Cu substrate, restructuring in-situ to form core/shell structures","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-on-Cu(S)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",8,null,"C. Zhu et al., Dynamic restructuring of epitaxial Au-Cu biphasic interface for tandem CO2-to-C2+ alcohol conversion. Chem 8, 3288-3301 (2022).",8,null,0,0,0]
["†_metallic,1We report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 49 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 42 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,2Derived from FE(C2H4) and j(C2H4) as opposed to the reported LSV"]
["†_oxidic,3SI table states 0.1 M KHCO3 without KBr, but text states with KBr"]
["†_oxidic,4Disagreement between numbers in main text and SI, report here number provided in main text"]
["†_oxidic,5Highly unstable signal due to continuous in-situ electrodeposition of Cu"]
["†_oxidic,6Text denotes specifically that \"L-ascorbic acid sodium\" is used, although not mentioned in SI table"]
["†_oxidic,7Text denotes \"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\", but SI table says electrolyte is 1.0 M KOH"]
["†_oxidic,8Reported total FE is unreasonably high: 106.6%"]
["†_Cu-Al,1Main text states 79.4, SI states 82.4. Report here main text value"]
["†_Cu-Pd,1Report the value given in main text, as opposed to SI table (45 vs. 44%)"]
["†_Cu-Ni,1Main text states 57.3, SI states 57.8. Rounded down to 57"]
["†_Cu-Ag,1Used current density and FE described in text to calculate total current, as opposed to figure (ca. 85 mA/cm2 vs. ca. 110 mA/cm2)"]
["†_Cu-Ce,1Conflicting information (main text vs. figure) in document, report here number given in main text"]
["†_Cu-Ce,2Text and figure information does not match, report here the numbers provided in the text"]
["†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)"]
["Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5"]
["Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal"]
["†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density"]
["†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,1Used value from LSV, rather than text value"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,2Indeed 2 °C, not a typo"]
["†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 56 % as opposed to 69 %)"]

{"sheet":"TOP-paper","index":1,"n_rows":904,"n_cols":31,"rows_kept":904,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,24,5,24],[1,26,5,26],[1,27,5,27],[1,28,5,28],[1,18,5,18],[1,19,5,19],[1,20,5,20],[1,21,5,21],[1,23,5,23],[1,22,5,22],[1,17,5,17],[1,6,5,6],[1,7,5,7],[1,8,5,8],[1,9,5,9],[1,10,5,10],[1,11,5,11],[1,12,5,12],[1,13,5,13],[1,14,5,14],[1,15,5,15],[1,16,5,16],[1,5,5,5],[1,0,5,0],[1,1,5,1],[1,2,5,2],[1,3,5,3],[1,4,5,4]]}
["Table S1. Top-performing catalysts",{"$nulls":25},"Calculations"]
["Index","Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[{"$f":"1","v":1},"50 μm Cu-exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3 'mixed matrix membrane' toplayer, on a PVA/Chitosan midlayer, on a commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder underlayer, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL (exact conditions ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu","Chitosan, Cu exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3, polyvinylalcohol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Complex-overlayer/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",98,null,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V7,2))","v":98},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S7=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J7=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L7=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I7),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I7),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I7),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S7=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V7,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$f":"A7+1","v":2},"Commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Chitosan","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Chitosan/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.53 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",94,null,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",94,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S8=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J8=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L8=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I8),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I8),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I8),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I8),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I8),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S8=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V8,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,AA7:AA74,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$AA$7:$AA$74"}]
[{"$f":"A8+1","v":3},"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm), on a GDL with custom MPL, hotpressed onto a Nafion membrane","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",93,null,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, A. Irabien, Tailoring gas-phase CO2 electroreduction selectivity to hydrocarbons at Cu nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 29, 014001 (2018).",93,null,0,0,1]
[4,"CuOx supported on ZnO , on carbon paper (TGP-H-60)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-supported/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Platinized Ti",25,1,"CO2","-2.5 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",91,null,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, J. Solla-Gullón, V. Montiel, A. Irabien, Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion. Journal of CO2 Utilization 31, 135-142 (2019).",91,null,0,0,1,null,"Unique papers"]
[5,"Nafion overlayer covering a catalyst layer comprised of electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-602\nmA/cm2",89,null,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",89,null,1,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":58}]
[6,"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",87,null,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",87,null,1,0,1]
[7,"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-368\nmA/cm2",86,null,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",86,null,1,0,1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[8,"Electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating (without Nafion toplayer), on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-179\nmA/cm2",86,null,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",86,null,0,1,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":68}]
[9,"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",85,null,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",85,null,0,0,1]
[10,"KOH anodization-derived CuO nanoplate on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanoplate arrays","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2@Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.81 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",84,null,"W. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays. Nature Communications 13, 1877 (2022).",84,null,1,0,1,null,"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
[11,"TiO2 NPs supported on V/Cu-based layered double hydroxide, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, V, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/V,Cu_LDH","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",84,null,"Lavate, S. S. & Srivastava, R. Boosting ethylene yield via a synergistic 2D/0D nanostructured VCu layered double hydroxide/TiO2 catalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Energy Advances, doi:10.1039/D4YA00417E (2024).",84,null,0,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":27}]
[12,"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defective CuO NSs-1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",83,null,"B. Zhang et al., Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 13606-13613 (2020).",83,null,0,0,1]
[13,"Pre-reduced, CuO-derived Cu quantum dots (5 nm), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_quantum-dots","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",82,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Enhanced Local CO Coverage on Cu Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2417764, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417764.",82,null,1,0,1,null,"CORR systems"]
[14,"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on \"GDE\"","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",82,null,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",82,null,1,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":7}]
[15,"Ultrathin (ca. 4.8 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuNi nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on Ti mesh","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ni_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-470\nmA/cm2",81,null,"Y. Yan et al., Ultrathin CuNi Nanosheets for CO2 Reduction and O2 Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells. ACS Materials Letters 3, 1143-1150 (2021).",81,null,0,0,1]
[16,"Ultrathin (ca. 46.3 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuCo nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Co_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",81,null,"Y. Yan et al., Atomic-thin hexagonal CuCo nanocrystals with d-band tuning for CO2 reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 7496-7502 (2021).",81,null,0,0,1,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
[17,"Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,null,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024).",81,null,0,0,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":68}]
[18,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-710\nmA/cm2",80,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",80,null,1,0,1]
[19,"CNP and graphite layer on top of chemically etched co-sputtered Cu/Al layer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",80,null,"M. Zhong et al., Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 581, 178-183 (2020).",80,null,1,0,1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[20,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?\n40% CO, 60% N2","CO","?","?",80,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",80,null,0,1,1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AE8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":27}]
[21,"CuO NPs coated with 1-dodecanethiol, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, 1-dodecanethiol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1-dodecanethiol/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",80,null,"Y. Yao et al., A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights. Nature Communications 15, 1257 (2024).",80,null,1,0,1]
[22,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2","79†_Cu-Al,1",null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",79,null,0,0,1]
[23,"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",78,null,"H. P. Duong et al., Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 12, 10285-10293 (2022).",78,null,0,1,1]
[24,"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","-","(n/a)","FBAPK-13","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt",25,1,"CO2","-1.75 V\nvs. ANODE","-113\nmA/cm2",78,null,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",78,null,1,0,1]
[25,"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-110\nmA/cm2",78,null,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",78,null,1,0,1]
[26,"CO2RR pre-activated defective Cu NWs, on glassy carbon (tested in semi-pulsed electrolysis mode)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defect/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil",25,1,"CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",77,null,"C. Choi et al., Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Nature Catalysis 3, 804-812 (2020).",77,null,0,0,1]
[27,"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on GDL","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR vs. RHE","- 305 mA/cm2","77",null,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",77,null,1,0,1]
[28,"Ionic liquid-coated Cu-MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid)2), on glassy carbon","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), 1-Butyl-3-\nmethylimidazolium nitrate (BmimNO3)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",77,null,"Y. Sha et al., Anchoring Ionic Liquid in Copper Electrocatalyst for Improving CO2 Conversion to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202200039 (2022).",77,null,0,0,1]
[29,"Porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",76,null,0,1,1]
[30,"Dilute Cu/Pd alloy (1.4 at. % Pd) prepared via co-electrodeposition, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",76,null,0,0,1]
[31,"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",76,null,0,1,1]
[32,"Ag foil coated with Cu NP Nafion ink","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Nafion-Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,null,"Akter, T., et al. (2022). \"Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction inside a Membrane with Enhanced Selectivity for Ethylene.\" The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126(24): 10045-10052.",76,null,0,0,1]
[33,"Prepared by electrodepositing Cu on Ag surfaces","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electro/Cu_NPs/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon electrode","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,null,"Akter, T. and C. J. Barile (2023). \"Membrane-controlled CO2 electrocatalysts with switchable C2 product selectivity and high faradaic efficiency for ethanol.\" ",76,null,0,0,1]
[34,"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-144\nmA/cm2",75,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",75,null,1,0,1]
[35,"Star shaped {322}-rich Cu2O large NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{322}-rich Cu2O particles","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",74,null,"H. Luo, B. Li, J.-G. Ma, P. Cheng, Surface Modification of Nano-Cu2O for Controlling CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Ethylene and Syngas. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202116736 (2022).",74,null,0,0,1]
[36,"Brass foil (62% Cu, 37% Zn, trace amounts of Fe, Pb, Sn) with Nafion/PVDF (70:30 wt%) overlayer","Alloyed/Doped, Overlayer","Cu, Zn","Nafion, PVDF","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Coated-Brass","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V\nvs. RHE","?",74,null,"H. Pan, T. Akter, C. J. Barile, Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Zinc and Brass with Modulated Proton Transfer Using Membrane-Modified Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 12860-12868 (2022).",74,null,0,0,1]
[37,"N-doped CuOx NPs derived from calcination of Cu(OH)3NO3 precursor at 350 °C, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep-FAA-\n3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-962†_oxidic,2\nmA/cm2",73,null,"H. Tao, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Min, Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2991-2996 (2023).",73,null,1,0,1]
[38,"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",73,null,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",73,null,1,0,1]
[39,"N1-/N3-substituted imidazolium-based overlayer on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","N1-substituted (1,10-\nphenanthrolinyl) and N3-substituted (n-butyl) imidazolium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N1/3-sub_imidazolium/Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co.,\nLtd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",73,null,"B. Cheng et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 27823-27832 (2022).",73,null,0,0,1]
[40,"{220}-facet rich CuI nanodots (5.3 nm) prepared via in-situ reduction of (Cu(OH)2) NPs on carbon paper GDL in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuI_nanodot","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK -130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",72,null,"W. Xue et al., Operando reconstruction towards stable CuI nanodots with favorable facets for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Science China Chemistry 66, 1834-1843 (2023).",72,null,0,0,1]
[41,"Cu NPs encapsulated in mesoporous Ni-SAC functionalized carbon, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-C/Ni/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-406\nmA/cm2",72,null,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",72,null,0,0,1]
[42,"Ag-doped La2-xAgxCuO4-δ NPs (x=0.2) with oxygen vacancies, on Toray carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, La","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/La2CuO4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",72,null,"Dong, G. et al. Boosting the CO2 electroreduction performance of La2-xAgxCuO4-δ perovskites via A-site substitution mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 342, 123444, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123444 (2024).",72,null,0,0,1]
[43,"CuOx NPs (large size distribution) mixed with PTFE, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl + 50 mM benzyl alcohol","- flow\n- stirring","FKB PK 130","(AEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",72,null,"Y. Wang et al., Benzyl alcohol promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and C2 production by Cu2O/Cu. Chemical Engineering Journal 485, 149800 (2024).",72,null,0,0,1]
[44,"N-arylpyridinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)\nbispyridinium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",72,null,"F. Li et al., Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 577, 509-513 (2020).",72,null,0,0,1]
[45,"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-433\nmA/cm2",72,null,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",72,null,1,0,1]
[46,"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",71,null,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",71,null,1,0,1]
[47,"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-207\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",71,null,1,0,1]
[48,"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-312\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[49,"CuOx nanocubes/rectangles supported on Al2O3 nanosheets having an Al2CuO2 interface layer, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Al2CuO2-interface/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",71,null,"X. Wang et al., Identifying an Interfacial Stabilizer for Regeneration-Free 300 h Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 22759-22766 (2022).",71,null,0,0,1]
[50,"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-20","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",71,null,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",71,null,1,0,1]
[51,"Single atom Cu supported on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, C, Ti","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC_Ti3C2Tx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",71,null,"H. Bao et al., Isolated copper single sites for high-performance electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 12, 238 (2021).",71,null,0,1,1]
[52,"Cu2O NPs supported on CNTs modified with Cu-based COF, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-COF/CNTs/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",71,null,"He, Q. et al. Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual-Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic-Tandem Strategy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202407090, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407090 (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[53,"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,null,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",71,null,1,0,1]
[54,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on carbon cloth","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",71,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",71,null,0,0,1]
[55,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",70,null,1,0,1]
[56,"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.45 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",70,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",70,null,0,0,1]
[57,"Iodine-doped copper oxychloride NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOCl","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",20,"?","CO2","-1.71 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",70,null,"H. Bai et al., Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction. Science Bulletin 66, 62-68 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[58,"Wet-chemical induced (NaOH / (NH4)2S2O8) high roughness nanoporous CuOx layer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Chemical/CuOx_porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.1 M L-ascorbate†_oxidic,6","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,40,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",70,null,"W. Yang et al., Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 85, 102-107 (2023).",70,null,0,1,1]
[59,"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V\nvs. RHE","-63\nmA/cm2",70,null,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",70,null,0,0,1]
[60,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO2","-2.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",70,null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",70,null,1,0,1]
[61,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",70,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",70,null,1,0,1]
[62,"Cold H2 plasma-treated porous mixed CoOx/CuOx, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Porous-CoOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",70,null,"J. Wang et al., Cold plasma activated Cu–Co multi-active centers tandem catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 into C2H4. Vacuum 222, 113017 (2024).",70,null,0,0,1]
[63,"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",70,null,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[64,"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",70,null,0,0,1]
[65,"In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Activated/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,null,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V71,2))","v":70},null,0,0,1]
[66,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",70,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S72=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J72=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L72=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I72),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I72),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I72),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I72),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I72),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S72=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V72,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A72+1","v":67},"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-280\nmA/cm2",70,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",70,null,1,0,1]
[68,"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",70,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",70,null,0,0,1]
[69,"80-100 nm Cu2−xS NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, S","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","90nm-Cu2Sx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate (?)","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",69,null,"C. He et al., Cu2−xS derived copper nanoparticles: A platform for unraveling the role of surface reconstruction in efficient electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Nano Research 16, 4494-4498 (2021).",69,null,0,0,1]
[70,"Cu nanoneedles electrodeposited on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + x mM HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",69,null,"X. Zi et al., Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202309351.",69,null,0,0,1]
[71,"Cu/Ag obtained using magnetron sputtering, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu52Ag48","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-","-451 mA/cm2",69,null,"Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). \"Enhanced interfacial effect-induced asymmetric coupling boost electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 344: 123666.",69,null,1,0,1]
[72,"Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt\"","2†_Cu-C-supported,3","?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,null,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990).",69,null,1,0,1]
[73,"Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode","TMC, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,null,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023).",69,null,0,0,1]
[74,"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",69,null,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",69,null,0,0,1]
[75,"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.4 V \nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",69,null,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",69,null,0,0,1]
[76,"Branched/'spikey' CuO NPs derived from NH3-treated Cu2O NCs supported on Ketjen black, on on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Branched_CuO_NPs-NH3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J. Kim et al., Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 6986-6994 (2019).",68,null,0,0,1]
[77,"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-59 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/SS","?","?","CO","-3.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-100\nmA/cm2",68,null,"N.-H. Tran et al., Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 and CO Reduction via Engineering Membrane Electrode Assembly with Porous Dendritic Copper Oxide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 31933-31941 (2022).",68,null,0,1,1]
[78,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO","-0.56 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",68,null,0,1,1]
[79,"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, B-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/Shell","Cu, C, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_B/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",68,null,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",68,null,1,0,1]
[80,"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",68,null,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",68,null,1,0,1]
[81,"Right bipyramidal {100}-rich Cu NPs with stacking faults, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bipyramidal/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Z. Li et al., Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 19932-19939 (2021).",67,null,1,0,1]
[82,"Metallic Cu NPs mixed with PTFE, dropcast on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti sheet","?","?","CO","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",67,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",67,null,0,1,1]
[83,"Cu3(PO4)2-derived Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2 NS-derived Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.48 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",67,null,"B. Zhang et al., Steering CO2 electroreduction toward methane or ethylene production. Nano Energy 88, 106239 (2021).",67,null,0,0,1]
[84,"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",67,null,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",67,null,1,0,1]
[85,"{111}-facet rich octahedral Cu2O NPs supported on hydroxl-rich acetylene black carbon, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","OH-C/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Y. Gao et al., Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite. Small 18, 2105212 (2022).",67,null,0,0,1]
[86,"Electroplated (1 C/cm2) Cu2O from lactic-acid containing bath, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lactate/Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-183\nmA/cm2",67,null,"D. Anastasiadou, M. Schellekens, M. de Heer, S. Verma, E. Negro, Electrodeposited Cu2O Films on Gas Diffusion Layers for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 6, 3928-3932 (2019).",67,null,1,0,1]
[87,"Vulcan XC-72 toplayer on Co-TMC midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-420\nmA/cm2",67,null,"X. Kong et al., Understanding the Effect of *CO Coverage on C–C Coupling toward CO2 Electroreduction. Nano Letters 22, 3801-3808 (2022).",67,null,1,0,1]
[88,"Cu NCs doped with AgNO3, on solid substrate","Cubes, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","0-Cu2O/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-27 mA/cm2",67,null,"Dong, G., et al. (2023). \"Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides.\" Materials Reports: Energy 3(2): 100195.",67,null,0,0,1]
[89,"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,null,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",67,null,0,0,1]
[90,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-80†_Cu-multi_element,1\nmA/cm2",67,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",67,null,0,0,1]
[91,"Hydrophobic Cu NPs electroplated from a PTFE-containing solution, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",67,null,"T. Deng et al., Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202313796 (2024).",67,null,0,0,1]
[92,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",66,null,1,0,1]
[93,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",66,null,1,0,1]
[94,"Cu3N-derived Cu NWs, on copper foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/Cu NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Y. Mi et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2 Products over Cu3N-Derived Cu Nanowires. ChemElectroChem 6, 2393-2397 (2019).",66,null,0,0,1]
[95,"CuOx NPs electrodeposited in the presence of CTAB, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CTAB/plate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Platinized Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",66,null,"A. Stalinraja, K. Gopalram, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products—effect of surfactant on copper electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,  (2023).",66,null,0,0,1]
[96,"In-situ reduced porous CuOx NPs derived from hydrothermal synthesis with tetrapropylammonium, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-536\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Jiao, J. et al. Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202409563, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409563 (2024).",66,null,1,0,1]
[97,"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V\nvs. RHE","-101\nmA/cm2",66,null,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",66,null,1,0,1]
[98,"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",66,null,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",66,null,0,0,1]
[99,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,null,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",65,null,1,0,1]
[100,"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","2.5 M KOH","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",65,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",65,null,1,0,1]
[101,"Non-swelling anion exchange ionomer (AEI)-modified electroreduced CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","AEI: Xenergy Pention D 18, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanosheets with AEI binder","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.78 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",65,null,"Y. Zhao et al., Industrial-Current-Density CO2-to-C2+ Electroreduction by Anti-swelling Anion-Exchange Ionomer-Modified Oxide-Derived Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 10446-10454 (2022).",65,null,1,0,1]
[102,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",65,null,1,0,1]
[103,"CuOx NP nanospheres, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx nanospheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",65,null,"J. Li et al., Constraining CO coverage on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nature Catalysis 2, 1124-1131 (2019).",65,null,0,1,1]
[104,"Anodization-dirived Cu2O NWs on Cu-sputtered FTO glass","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. H. Shah et al., New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction over oxide-derived copper. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, 2046-2053 (2020).",65,null,0,0,1]
[105,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu NCs on hollow tubular novelty GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tubular/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.7,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-740\nmA/cm2",65,null,"H. Rabiee et al., Tuning flow-through cu-based hollow fiber gas-diffusion electrode for high-efficiency carbon monoxide (CO) electroreduction to C2+products. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 330, 122589 (2023).",65,null,0,1,1]
[106,"Homogeneously dispersed Si(II)Ox clusters with Cu NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Aquivion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-331\nmA/cm2",65,null,"J. Li et al., Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nature Communications 12, 2808 (2021).",65,null,1,0,1]
[107,"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,null,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",65,null,1,0,1]
[108,"Electroplated Cu (90 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work[insert ref]), with N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine (Py) midlayer and hydrophobic (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x short sidechain (SSC) ionomer toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine, (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated Cu:Py:SCC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37–50 grade 60","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh",25,"?","CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-164\nmA/cm2",65,null,"A. Ozden et al., Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene. Joule 5, 706-719 (2021).",65,null,0,1,1]
[109,"Cu2P2O7 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2P2O7_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",64,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[110,"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",64,null,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[111,"Pd NP-decorated (50 nm) cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",64,null,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",64,null,0,0,1]
[112,"Cu NP layer (0.8 mg/cm2) with Fe-N/C overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Fe, C, N","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.38 V\nvs. ANODE","-1200\nmA/cm2",64,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",64,null,1,0,1]
[113,"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs (Cu:Ce ratio of 7:1), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-600\nmA/cm2",64,null,"Yang, S., Sun, F., Cao, R. & Cao, M. Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07887J (2025).",64,null,1,0,1]
[114,"Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,null,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018).",64,null,0,0,1]
[115,"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,null,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023).",64,null,1,0,1]
[116,"Partially reduced, thermally annealed/oxidized electroplated Cu nanodendrites, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-Vo-dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V (no iR)\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",63,null,"Z. Gu et al., Oxygen Vacancy Tuning toward Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019).",63,null,0,0,1]
[117,"Ultrasonic-assisted defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.52 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",63,null,"J. Zhang et al., Grain Boundary-Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 9, 2200454 (2022).",63,null,1,0,1]
[118,"In-situ formed Cu NPs supported on CuO nanosheets, on hydrophobic carbon cloth","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C_cloth/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"from Fumasep\"","(CEM)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Home-made DSA","?","?","CO2","-2.82 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",63,null,"C. Kang et al., Acidic chloride electrolyte mediates the high conversion ratio of CO2-to-C2H4 and direct production of Cl2. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 8, 1730-1739 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[119,"Ni-SAC layer on top of sputtered Cu layer, on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion (?)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",63,null,"J. Chen et al., Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202215406 (2023).",63,null,1,0,1]
[120,"ZrO2 supported on Cu-Cu2O NPs prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",63,null,"P.-P. Guo et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Green Chemistry 24, 1527-1533 (2022).",63,null,0,0,1]
[121,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",63,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",63,null,1,0,1]
[122,"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,null,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",63,null,0,0,1]
[123,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd/Ag NPs (20-50 nm, 0.49 and 0.39 wt%, respectively), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd,Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",63,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[124,"Cu2O NPs coated with a carboxylic-acid terminated C12 alkyl chain, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, HOOC-(CHy)n-COOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alkyl-chain/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",63,null,"Li, W. et al. Confined Intermediates Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 14, 13400-13407, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02823 (2024).",63,null,0,0,1]
[125,"In-situ reconstruction-driven (2D) defective CuO NWs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-324\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",62,null,1,0,1]
[126,"In-situ reconstructed defective CuO NWs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-524\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",62,null,1,0,1]
[127,"Ni-N/C layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-593\nmA/cm2",62,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",62,null,1,0,1]
[128,"Cu NPs supported on Ni-SAC mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",62,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[129,"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in a Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline, MOF","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","?: -1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-125\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V135,2))","v":62},null,0,1,1]
[130,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,null,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",62,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S136=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J136=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L136=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I136),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I136),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I136),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I136),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I136),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S136=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V136,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A136+1","v":131},"In-situ generated Cu NPs from 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based Cu-TMC, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-1.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Kim, D. et al. Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 27701-27712, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c09230 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[132,"Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,null,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024).",62,null,0,0,1]
[133,"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",62,null,1,0,1]
[134,"Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM, 0.25 wt%) coated CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PSMIM/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-119\nmA/cm2",62,null,"D. Wang et al., Regulating the local microenvironment on porous Cu nanosheets for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 11968-11974 (2024).",62,null,1,0,1]
[135,"Core/shell-type particles comprising a carbon core with a CuOx shell coated with a PTFE layer, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, C, O","PTFE, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx+C_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-230\nmA/cm2",62,null,"Liu, W. et al. Electron-rich Cu0-Cu2O heterogeneous interface constructed via controllable electrochemical reconstruction for a single CO2 deep-reduction product ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 348, 123831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.123831 (2024).",62,null,1,0,1]
[136,"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-316\nmA/cm2",62,null,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",62,null,1,0,1]
[137,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",61,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",61,null,1,0,1]
[138,"Metal–organic polyhedra-derived hollow CuOx NP based spheres","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow CuOx spheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-143\nmA/cm2",61,null,"R.-X. Yang et al., Self-Assembly of Hydroxyl Metal–Organic Polyhedra and Polymer into Cu-Based Hollow Spheres for Product-Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Small Structures 2, 2100012 (2021).",61,null,1,0,1]
[139,"Cu3N NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",61,null,"H. Wang et al., Cu3N nanoparticles with both (100) and (111) facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 12523-12529 (2022).",61,null,0,0,1]
[140,"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech, FAA-3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-1000\nmA/cm2",61,null,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[141,"Hollow Cu2O NPs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",61,null,1,0,1]
[142,"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on Ta-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O, Ta","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-253\nmA/cm2",61,null,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",61,null,1,0,1]
[143,"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","?","?",61,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",61,null,0,1,1]
[144,"Lattice-strained, Zn-doped CuO NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Wu, X. et al. Modification of the CuO electronic structure for enhanced selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 17, 7194-7202, doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6708-0 (2024).",61,null,1,0,1]
[145,"Ultralow (single atom, 0.36 wt%) surface Pd-doped Cu NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-SAA/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",61,null,0,0,1]
[146,"Cu NPs mixed with Ni-SAC, on homemade GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam/plate",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-308\nmA/cm2",61,null,"L. Li et al., Hydrophobicity graded gas diffusion electrode with enhanced CO intermediate coverage for high-performance electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 331, 122597 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[147,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from reconstruction of Cu-tannic acid NSs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.16 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",61,null,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",61,null,1,0,1]
[148,"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-208\nmA/cm2",61,null,"Cao, Y. et al. Stimulating the C−C coupling ability of ultrafine copper nanoclusters via nitrogen coordination for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124704, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124704 (2025).",61,null,1,0,1]
[149,"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","? (X37–50 Grade 60)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-37\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",60,null,1,0,1]
[150,"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",60,null,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",60,null,1,0,1]
[151,"Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Wang et al., Copper Nanocubes for CO2 Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Nano Letters 19, 8461-8468 (2019).",60,null,1,0,1]
[152,"Metallic Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",60,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed 61, e202213423 (2022).",60,null,0,1,1]
[153,"O2 plasma-treated (2 min, 20 W) Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",60,null,"H. Mistry et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nature Communications 7, 12123 (2016).",60,null,0,0,1]
[154,"Cu3N NCs_20nm supported on Ketjen Carbon, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, C","Polyvinylidene\nfluoride (PVDF)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NCs_25nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Yin et al., Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Nano Letters 19, 8658-8663 (2019).",60,null,0,0,1]
[155,"Hybrid material composed of graphene oxide nanodots on CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GO-nanodot/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA–PK–130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",60,null,"R. Du et al., Cu-C(O) Interfaces Deliver Remarkable Selectivity and Stability for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products at Industrial Current Density of 500 mA cm−2. Small 19, 2301289 (2023).",60,null,1,0,1]
[156,"Nitridized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",60,null,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",60,null,0,1,1]
[157,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",60,null,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",60,null,0,0,1]
[158,"Cu2(OH)2CO3 NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2(OH)2CO3_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Gao et al., Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Advanced Science n/a, 2308949.",60,null,0,0,1]
[159,"Plasma-fluorinated Cu sputter-deposited on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.57 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Z. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, H. Xie, L. Wen, Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Copper via Plasma Fluorination. Advanced Science n/a, 2309963.",60,null,1,0,1]
[160,"Surface Pd-doped (\"6.2%\") Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu-PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Xie, Y. et al. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nature Catalysis 5, 564-570, doi:10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[161,"Cu NWs from ACS Materials doped with AgNO3, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-63 doped Cu-nanowire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperIon 40 μm","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL",30,"?","CO2","-3.2 V cell potential","-80 mA/cm2",60,null,"Jiang, R., et al. (2023). \"Copper-Nanowires Incorporated with Silver-Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Reduction in Alkaline Zero Gap Electrolyzer.\" ACS Applied Energy Materials 6(20): 10475-10486.",60,null,1,0,1]
[162,"La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,null,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021).",60,null,0,0,1]
[163,"Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,null,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017).",60,null,0,0,1]
[164,"Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,null,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023).",60,null,0,0,1]
[165,"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C, N, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",60,null,0,0,1]
[166,"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,null,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[167,"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",60,null,0,0,1]
[168,"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu2O NCs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu2O-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",60,null,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",60,null,0,0,1]
[169,"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","0.15 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",60,null,1,0,1]
[170,"25 nm Cu NPs/nafion mix sprayed on top of nafion pre-covered Cu-sputtered PTFE nanowires","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/Nafion-modified PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",60,null,"F. P. G. d. Arquer et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2. Science 367, 661-666 (2020).",60,null,1,0,1]
[171,"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with poly(Lys, Phe), with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","poly(Lys, Phe)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Amine/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-2.3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-200\nmA/cm2",60,null,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",60,null,0,0,1]
[172,"Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",59,null,"W. Ren, A. Xu, K. Chan, X. Hu, A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202214173 (2022).",59,null,0,0,1]
[173,"Cu NWs after 15 h synthesis, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-123\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Over a Wide Potential Window by Copper Nanowires with High Density of Defects. Inorganic Chemistry 61, 20666-20673 (2022).",59,null,1,0,1]
[174,"Truncated octahedral Cu2O NPs having both {100} and {111} exposed facets supported on Carbon Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{100}/{111}-rich Cu2O NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Gao et al., Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 7, 1902820 (2020).",59,null,0,0,1]
[175,"{100}-rich sputtered Cu in presence of gaseous O2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}-rich CuOx-film","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Activated Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.75 V\nvs. RHE","-122\nmA/cm2",59,null,"G. Zhang et al., Efficient CO2 electroreduction on facet-selective copper films with high conversion rate. Nature Communications 12, 5745 (2021).",59,null,1,0,1]
[176,"Multi-shelled (\"4.4\") Cu2O spheres, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Shelled/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Y. Xiao et al., Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2302556 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[177,"Cu-metal/CuOx co-catalyst NPs with intimate interfacial contact, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Carbon bot\" (= rod?)","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Liu, H. et al. Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404123, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404123 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[178,"Highly tensile strained Cu(100) NCs with boron nitride shell grown on top, mixed with CNPs and PTFE, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, B, N","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE-CNP/BN-shell_Cu_NC-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl (\"pH = 1\", according to paper)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2"," -2.75 V\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Liu, Q. et al. Highly Tensile Strained Cu(100) Surfaces by Epitaxial Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Nano Letters 24, 13741-13746, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03863 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[179,"Mg-doped CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Ji, Q. et al. Establishing Active Cu+–O–Mg2+ Sites at the Cu2O/CuO Interface for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Materials Letters, 333-342, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02319 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[180,"Nanosheet arrays containing homogeneously mixed Zn & Cu domains (Cu:Zn ratio of 24:76 via XPS), on Cu foam","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Zn/Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,1,"CO2","-1.14 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",59,null,"X. Zhang et al., Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO2 electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 368-377 (2023).",59,null,0,0,1]
[181,"Ni electroplated on Cu NW array-modified GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, overlayer","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-432\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Xu, K. et al. Nanowire arrays with abundant Cu–Ni interfaces for electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chemical Engineering Journal 498, 155831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155831 (2024).",59,null,1,0,1]
[182,"In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,null,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024).",59,null,0,0,1]
[183,"Electroplated Cu on top of polyaniline pre-functionalized carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",59,null,"S. Jia et al., Hierarchical Metal–Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 10977-10982 (2021).",59,null,0,0,1]
[184,"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-134\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",58,null,1,0,1]
[185,"Electroreduced KOH-derived Cu(OH)2 nanorods on Cu-sputtered carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2-derived Cu-CP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe-LDH/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",58,null,"D. Zhong et al., Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 4879-4885 (2021).",58,null,1,0,1]
[186,"Porous/partially hollow core/shell Cu2O microparticles,  on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Core/shell_Cu2O-micro","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-260\nmA/cm2",58,null,"J. Lu et al., Nanoconfinement Effects of Yolk–Shell Cu2O Catalyst for Improved C2+ Selectivity and Cu+ Stability in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 20746-20756 (2023).",58,null,1,0,1]
[187,"O2-driven oxidized Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O2/CuOx-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z. Lyu et al., Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 1909-1915 (2021).",58,null,0,0,1]
[188,"{111}/{100} grain boundary-rich hexagonal-polyhedral Cu2O MPs (ca. 2 μm), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Z.-x. Yang et al., Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O. Catalysis Communications 174, 106595 (2023).",58,null,0,0,1]
[189,"Crystalline CuO NPs embedded in amorphous\nCuO nanoflakes, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-amorphous/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",58,null,"D. Zhao et al., Amorphous-Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 15, e202201413 (2023).",58,null,0,0,1]
[190,"Cu2(OH)2CO3 MPs with amorphous layer induced by 15 min microwave treatment, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph/Cu2(OH)2CO3_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt plat\" (= plate?)",25,"?","CO2","-2.0 V\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Wang, J. et al. Microwave-induced surface amorphization of Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst promotes multi-carbon products selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Science China Chemistry, doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2326-7 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[191,"Water-optimized CO2 feed reduction on Cu2O/Cu co-catalyst NPs derived from Cu2O/CuO precursor, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, quaternary ammonia polysulphone (aQAPS-S14)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","aQAPS-S14/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",58,null,"He, X. et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds. Nature Communications 15, 9923, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54282-2 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[192,"Oxygen-vacancy rich B-doped CuO ‘nanobundles’ (nanowires + nanosheets), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Q. Wan et al., Boron-doped CuO nanobundles for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 2750-2754 (2020).",58,null,0,0,1]
[193,"Ni-doped (1.2 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-65\nmA/cm2",58,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V199,2))","v":58},null,0,0,1]
[194,"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",58,null,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",58,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S200=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J200=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L200=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I200),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I200),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I200),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S200=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V200,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$f":"A200+1","v":195},"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[196,"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-85†_Cu-Ag,1 mA/cm2",58,null,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",58,null,1,0,1]
[197,"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Chang, F. et al. Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO2/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction. Carbon Energy n/a, e588, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.588.",58,null,0,0,1]
[198,"Cu8Zn6Mn alloy (89.3:1.53:3.92 at. %) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-758\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",58,null,1,0,1]
[199,"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) coated with a 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole shell, on a GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole, Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt network","?","?","CO2","-2.08 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Jiang, Y. et al. Impact of Adsorbed CO on the Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene on 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole Coordinated Cu. ACS Catal 14, 9870-9876, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02042 (2024).",58,null,0,0,1]
[200,"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-358\nmA/cm2",58,null,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",58,null,1,0,1]
[201,"Cu nanorods (control sample), on GDL (poorly described synthesis, inaccurate reference)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_nanorod","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",57,null,"H. Huo, J. Wang, Q. Fan, Y. Hu, J. Yang, Cu-MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2102447 (2021).",57,null,1,0,1]
[202,"Fragmented Cu2O NPs of originally 20 nm supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragmented/Cu2O_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",57,null,"H. Jung et al., Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C–C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 4624-4633 (2019).",57,null,0,0,1]
[203,"Cu(OH)Cl-derived Cu/Cl, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cl","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",57,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",57,null,1,0,1]
[204,"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",57,null,1,0,1]
[205,"In-situ electroplated CuOx in Br-containing electrolyte, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr + 0.01 M CuSO4 (pH 2.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-170\nmA/cm2","57†_oxidic,5",null,"C. Reller et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1602114-n/a (2017).",57,null,0,0,1]
[206,"Co-plated Cu and Sn from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-226\nmA/cm2",57,null,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",57,null,1,0,1]
[207,"Phase-seggregated Cu/Pb bimetallic catalyst individually electroplated on polyaniline-modified carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, Single atom","Cu, Pb, C","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polyaniline/Pb-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",57,null,"S. Han et al., CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu-Pb Heterojunction Catalyst. ChemCatChem n/a, e202300918.",57,null,0,0,1]
[208,"CU NPs supported on Ni-SAC layer, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2","57†_Cu-Ni,1",null,"D.-L. Meng et al., Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel–Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 25485-25492 (2021).",57,null,0,0,1]
[209,"Ag-doped Cu MOF (Cu:Ag of 10:1) NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",57,null,"J. Feng et al., Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Chemical Science,  (2024).",57,null,1,0,1]
[210,"CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022).",57,null,0,0,1]
[211,"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,null,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",57,null,1,0,1]
[212,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Cs1 (mol ratio: 10:0.16:0.14) prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-37  mA/cm2",57,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",57,null,0,0,1]
[213,"Cu/Pd mixed NPs supported on 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets, on copper foam","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, Bi, S","Nafion","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Cu,Pd/Bi2S3_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",57,null,"Pirzada, B. M., AlMarzooqi, F. & Qurashi, A. Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 112, 107189, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107189 (2025).",57,null,0,0,1]
[214,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-150\nmA/cm2",56,null,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",56,null,0,1,1]
[215,"Commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-934\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",56,null,0,1,1]
[216,"1000 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(BPM [rev])","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-4.23 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-250\nmA/cm2",56,null,"C. A. Obasanjo et al., In situ regeneration of copper catalysts for long-term electrochemical CO2 reduction to multiple carbon products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20059-20070 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[217,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-FOIL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6 V -iR\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-16\nmA/cm2",56,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",56,null,0,0,1]
[218,"Oxygen-assisted plasma induced N-doped CuO NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped CuO NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",56,null,"D. G. Park et al., Increasing CO Binding Energy and Defects by Preserving Cu Oxidation State via O2-Plasma-Assisted N Doping on CuO Enables High C2+ Selectivity and Long-Term Stability in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 9222-9233 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[219,"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[220,"Nitrogen vacancy-rich Cu3Nx NPs prepared via controlled lithiation/delithiation, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Delithiated/Cu3Nx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-375\nmA/cm2",56,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithiation-Enabled High-Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products. Advanced Materials 33, 2103150 (2021).",56,null,1,0,1]
[221,"CuO NSs, on glassy carbon, pre-reduced in halide-containing electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.01 M KBr)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 10 mM KBr†_oxidic,3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",56,null,"R. Du et al., In Situ Engineering of the Cu+/Cu0 Interface to Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 36527-36535 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[222,"Pre-reduced CuO NSs (\"CISC-24\"), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-753\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",56,null,1,0,1]
[223,"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.90 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",56,null,1,0,1]
[224,"Au NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Tandem catalyst","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",56,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",56,null,1,0,1]
[225,"Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V vs. RHE","-200 mA/cm2",56,null,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",56,null,1,0,1]
[226,"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",56,null,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",56,null,1,0,1]
[227,"1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1",null,"R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021).",56,null,1,0,1]
[228,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",56,null,1,0,1]
[229,"CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,null,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023).",56,null,1,0,1]
[230,"Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,null,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023).",56,null,0,0,1]
[231,"Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,null,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022).",56,null,0,0,1]
[232,"Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051.",56,null,1,0,1]
[233,"1-octadecanethiol-modified electroplated Cu dendrites, on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","1-octadecanethiol","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Thiol/Cu_dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",56,null,"D. Wakerley et al., Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface. Nature materials 18, 1222-1227 (2019).",56,null,0,0,1]
[234,"Spin-coated tricomponent ionic liquid polymer-modified Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Various ionic liquids","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","3xIL-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",56,null,"J. Wang et al., Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 2857-2865 (2021).",56,null,0,0,1]
[235,"Polypyrrole nanowires-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, Polypyrrole","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polypyrrole/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO","-0.58 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1 (69)",null,"Y. Ji, C. Yang, L. Qian, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 600, 847-853 (2021).",56,null,0,1,1]
[236,"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",56,null,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",56,null,1,0,1]
[237,"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,null,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[238,"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",55,null,"H. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Raciti, A. S. Hall, Promoting Cu-catalysed CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products by tuning the activity of H2O. Nature Catalysis 6, 807-817 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[239,"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",55,null,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",55,null,0,0,1]
[240,"Branched/'spikey' Cu NPs obtained from KOH addition to catalyst ink, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, KOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Branched_Cu_NPs-KOH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","?","CO2","-3.25 V\nvs. ANODE","-281\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",55,null,1,0,1]
[241,"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[242,"Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 spherical and porous nanocages, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/Cu(OH)2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/mg",55,null,"T.-K. Cheng et al., Spherical and porous Cu2O nanocages with Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 Surface: Synthesis and their promising selectivity for catalysing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 660, 159978 (2024).",55,null,0,0,1]
[243,"Cu(OH)2-derived Cu NPs without additives (?), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. Wang et al., Alkyl sulfonate surfactant mediates electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene or ethanol over hydroxide-derived copper catalysts. Chemical Science,  (2024).",55,null,1,0,1]
[244,"CuOx NCs supported on Ni/C,N catalyst, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx",25,"?","CO2","-0.60 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-127\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y.-R. Lin et al., Vapor-Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel-Coordinated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113252 (2022).",55,null,1,0,1]
[245,"Ni-doped Cu2(OH)3Cl pre-cursor reduced in-situ to form β nickel-oxide hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cu active phase, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","β-(NiOOH)/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",55,null,"X. Mao et al., Sustainedly High-Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2400827.",55,null,1,0,1]
[246,"CuAg by electrodeposited CuSO4 and Ag2SO4, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAg-wire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumatech",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V vs. RHE","-313 mA/cm2",55,null,"Hoang, T. T. H., et al. (2018). \"Nanoporous Copper–Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 140(17): 5791-5797.",55,null,1,0,1]
[247,"Electroplating Ag with drop casted Cu, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Thiadiazole (N2SN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15%at. Ag–Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumapem FAA-3-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ti-IrOx","?","?","CO2","-4.55 Vvs. ANODE","-320 mA/cm2",55,null,"Wu, H., et al. (2021). \"Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping.\" Nature Communications 12(1): 7210.",55,null,1,0,1]
[248,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-250\nmA/cm2",55,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",55,null,1,0,1]
[249,"Electroplated Cu on metallic Ti nanotube-functionalized Ti foil","A-supports-B","Cu, Ti","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ti_NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-12\nmA/cm2",55,null,"A. Stalinraja et al., Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu doped titanium nanotubes—An insight on ethylene selectivity. Electrochimica Acta 431, 141078 (2022).",55,null,0,0,1]
[250,"CuO NPs supported on Cu-doped CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion membrane\"","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo alloy","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,null,"S. Hong et al., Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control. Advanced Materials 35, 2208996 (2023).",55,null,1,0,1]
[251,"Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O, Br","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Br-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021).",55,null,1,0,1]
[252,"Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,null,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022).",55,null,0,0,1]
[253,"Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","MOF","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[254,"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",55,null,0,0,1]
[255,"Exfoliated Mg/Al LDH nanosheets spraycoated onto a Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Mg, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/Cu-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.8 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",55,null,"Y. N. Xu et al., Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2-to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202217296 (2023).",55,null,0,0,1]
[256,"Electrodeposited Cu(100), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Deposit/Cu(100)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.26 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",54,null,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",54,null,1,0,0]
[257,"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",54,null,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V263,2))","v":54},null,0,0,0]
[258,"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",54,null,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",54,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S264=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J264=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L264=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I264),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I264),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I264),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I264),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I264),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S264=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V264,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A264+1","v":259},"Pd doped Cu2O NCs (0.88 at. % Pd), on Toray YLS-30T GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",54,null,"D. Zhou et al., Cooperation of Different Active Sites to Promote CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products at Ampere-Level. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202400439.",54,null,1,0,0]
[260,"CuO NPs supported on Ni-SAC, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1500\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",54,null,1,0,0]
[261,"Co-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.85 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",54,null,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",54,null,0,0,0]
[262,"Synthesis of Ag NCs doped with CuCl2, on glass carbon electrode ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag65–Cu35 JNS-100 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-4 mA/cm2",54,null,"Ma, Y., et al. (2022). \"Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" Advanced Materials 34(19): 2110607.",54,null,0,0,0]
[263,"Core/shell system comprising Cu2O NPs (ca. 200 nm) with an SiO2 shell (15 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2-shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Wang, Y. et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2404606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404606.",54,null,0,0,0]
[264,"Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Nd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023).",54,null,0,0,0]
[265,"Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6",null,"N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020).",54,null,0,0,0]
[266,"C-doped (\"6%\") CuOX NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Dong, X. et al. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with ampere-level current on carbon-modified copper catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 41, 100024, doi:https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012 (2025).",54,null,1,0,0]
[267,"Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_MOF-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023).",54,null,1,0,0]
[268,"Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, carbon shell","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-carbon_Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,null,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023).",54,null,0,0,0]
[269,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a MOF/nafion-derived underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V \nvs. ANODE","-255\nmA/cm2",54,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",54,null,1,0,0]
[270,"In-house metallic Cu NPs, on mesoporous carbon/PTFE-modified carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",53,null,"R. Chen et al., Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie 132, 160-166 (2020).",53,null,0,1,0]
[271,"Cu layer sporting 50-80 nm Cu NPs, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-247\nmA/cm2",53,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[272,"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[273,"Commercial oxygen-passivated Cu NPs (<100 nm), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-NPs<100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (verify)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",53,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",53,null,0,1,0]
[274,"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",53,null,"F. Yang, W. Fang, Q. Wang, P. Deng, B. Y. Xia, Optimizing Copper Oxidation State to Promote Ethylene Generation in Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 4677-4682 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[275,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",53,null,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[276,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd NPs (20 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",53,null,0,0,0]
[277,"Cu-doped Ni MOF mixed with MWCNTs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, O","PiperION-A5","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/Ni_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","PiperION-A40","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-527\nmA/cm2",53,null,"L. Huang et al., Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni–Cu Hybrid Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26444-26451 (2023).",53,null,1,0,0]
[278,"Cu NPs supported in/on fibrous SiO2 nanospheres (500 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx-fibrous/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Z. Yang et al., High dispersion dendritic fibrous morphology nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 650, 1446-1456 (2023).",53,null,0,0,0]
[279,"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on carbon paper","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",53,null,0,0,0]
[280,"Mixed-phase CuOx/CeO2 NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni net","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",53,null,"J. Shan et al., Effective CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4 boosted by Ce-doped Cu nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133769 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[281,"Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[282,"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",53,null,1,0,0]
[283,"Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,null,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022).",53,null,1,0,0]
[284,"Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,null,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510.",53,null,0,0,0]
[285,"Au nanoneedle-impregnated inside of the channels of Zr-based MOF with Cu-TMC sites mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Zr, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-NN/Zr-Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",53,null,"X. Xie et al., Au-activated N motifs in non-coherent cupric porphyrin metal organic frameworks for promoting and stabilizing ethylene production. Nature Communications 13, 63 (2022).",53,null,0,0,0]
[286,"Commercial Cu NPs (60-80 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-70nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",52,null,0,1,0]
[287,"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.80 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[288,"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",52,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",52,null,0,1,0]
[289,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",52,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[290,"Lithiated CuOx MPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","? polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Li/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?",1,"CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jeong, H. M. et al. Atomic-Scale Spacing between Copper Facets for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Advanced Energy Materials 10, 1903423, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903423 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[291,"Pre-reduced CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",52,null,0,0,0]
[292,"Porous dendritic Cu with a boron gradient (higher surface B content), on glassy carbon ","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/Cu_dendrite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-55\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Zhou et al., Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat Chem 10, 974-980 (2018).",52,null,0,0,0]
[293,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[294,"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.93 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",52,null,0,0,0]
[295,"Small CuO NPs (<5 nm) dispersed on (amorphous) CuSiO3 lamella, mixed with Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx_NSs/CuO_NPs/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Yuan et al., Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angewandte Chemie 133, 15472-15475 (2021).",52,null,0,0,0]
[296,"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on ceria for enhanced ethylene selectivity during electrochemical reduction of CO2. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 17244-17250 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[297,"High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,null,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020).",52,null,0,0,0]
[298,"CuOx NPs prepared through thermal reduction of Cu(acac)2-oleylamine complex, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Oleylamine/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-360\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with Cu-oleylamine based nanoparticles synthesized by simple thermal treatment. Fuel 348, 128498 (2023).",52,null,1,0,0]
[299,"Dual-site single atom copper on N-doped carbon derived from pyrolysis of Cu-impregnated MOF, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-SAC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Heng, J.-M., Zhu, H.-L., Zhao, Z.-H., Liao, P.-Q. & Chen, X.-M. Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions. Advanced Materials n/a, 2415101, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415101.",52,null,0,0,0]
[300,"Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,null,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[301,"Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024).",52,null,0,0,0]
[302,"CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrTaOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,null,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022).",52,null,1,0,0]
[303,"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",52,null,0,0,0]
[304,"Partially PVP-capped Cu NPs grown from Au seed, supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, PVP capping","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sub-PVP-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni Foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",52,null,1,0,0]
[305,"Pyroglutamic acid-modified (\"Pyr1.0\") Cu2O NPs (reconstructing into nanoneedles), grown on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Pyroglutami acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyroglutamic-A/Cu2O_NPs",null,"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-510\nmA/cm2",52,null,"Jing, H. et al. Highly efficient stable pyroglutamic acid-modified Cu2O/Cu catalysts with reconstruction-resistant interfaces for CO2-to-C2 conversion at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 365, 124977, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124977 (2025).",52,null,1,0,0]
[306,"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","-2.5 V \nvs. ANODE","-84\nmA/cm2",52,null,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",52,null,0,1,0]
[307,"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(911) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(911)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",18,"?","CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J Mol Catal A: Chem 199, 39-47 (2003).",51,null,0,0,0]
[308,"Star decahedron-shaped 30 nm Cu NPs, on glassy carbon RDE","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Star/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Choi et al., A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials. Advanced Materials 31, 1805405 (2019).",51,null,0,0,0]
[309,"275 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on e-PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ePTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-214\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D. Corral et al., Advanced manufacturing for electrosynthesis of fuels and chemicals from CO2. Energy & Environmental Science 14, 3064-3074 (2021).",51,null,0,0,0]
[310,"Multi-shelled CuO microboxes, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO-microbox","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D. Tan et al., Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 13, 768-774 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[311,"Li-deficient Li2CuO2 microparticles","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Li2-xCuO2 particles","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 on GDL",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-195\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[312,"Octahedral 500 nm Cu2O particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Octahedral Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Y. Wu et al., Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu2O on the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6340-6344 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[313,"Partially thermally reduced electroplated Cu2Ox with NH4Cl-induced high step density, on plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","High step CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",51,null,"X. Ren, X. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wang, Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 38, 125-131 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[314,"Electrochemical-assisted bromine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Br/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",51,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[315,"Vacancy-rich delithiated Li2-xCuO2 NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Li, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"," Li2-xCuO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",51,null,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy-Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[316,"Spherical Cu(OH)2 nanorod (250 nm individual diameters) aggregates, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NW-balls","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Li et al., Strong electric field at the sharp tips of Cu(OH)2 nanochrysanthemums for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene. Materials Today Energy 42, 101568 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[317,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL with custom-tailored MPL","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion, Pention-D72 (Xergy)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom_MPL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-Ru/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1360\nmA/cm2",51,null,"L. Yuan et al., Converting CO2 to multi-carbon products at >1 A/cm2 using gas diffusion electrode based on commercial materials via transfer process engineering. Electrochimica Acta 475, 143662 (2024).",51,null,1,0,0]
[318,"Electroplated CuOx catalyst forming highly porous structure during in-situ reduction, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[319,"Al-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuAl-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",51,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",51,null,1,0,0]
[320,"B-doped CuO MPs consisting of aggregated NSs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx/flower-like","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Yang, Z. et al. Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 353, 128326, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128326 (2025).]",51,null,0,0,0]
[321,"Phase-separated CuO and ZnO NPs (Cu:Zn ratio of 80:20) supported on Vulcan XC72, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-367\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Li et al., CuO/ZnO/C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-C2+ products conversion with high yield: On the effect of geometric structure and composition. Applied Catalysis A: General 606, 117829 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V327,2))","v":51},null,1,0,0]
[322,"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-78\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",51,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S328=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J328=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L328=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I328),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I328),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I328),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S328=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V328,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A328+1","v":323},"Fe-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",51,null,0,0,0]
[324,"Ag-doped (4.3 at. % vs. Cu) CuO nanospheres consisting of aggregated platelets, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Cu_aggregated","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z. Yang et al., Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR. Surfaces and Interfaces 48, 104267 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[325,"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Ag NPs (50 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",51,null,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",51,null,0,0,0]
[326,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",51,null,0,1,0]
[327,"CuOx overlayer on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/CeO2_NR-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.16 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. Chu et al., Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via strong metal-support interaction. Green Energy & Environment 7, 792-798 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[328,"\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[329,"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,null,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",51,null,0,0,0]
[330,"Cu NPs encapsulated in cub mesoporous carbon (CMK-8), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CMK-8/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",51,null,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",51,null,0,0,0]
[331,"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,null,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",51,null,0,0,0]
[332,"Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)","MOF, supported","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591.",51,null,1,0,0]
[333,"Polydopamine-coated rod-like Cu-MOF, on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, polydopamine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polydopamine/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,null,"Z.-H. Zhao, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Polydopamine Coating of a Metal–Organic Framework with Bi-Copper Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 7986-7993 (2022).",51,null,0,0,0]
[334,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a calcined MOF-derived/nafion underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-4.1 V (?) \nvs. ANODE","-525\nmA/cm2",51,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",51,null,1,0,0]
[335,"Cs-exchanged Nafion overlayer (0.7 μm) on Cu sputtered  PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion (Cs)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion(Cs)/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-50\nmA/cm2",51,null,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",51,null,0,1,0]
[336,"EDTA-assisted electrodeposited hollow porous copper microspheres, on  carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Liu et al., Controlled Synthesis of EDTA-Modified Porous Hollow Copper Microspheres for High-Efficiency Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Products. Nano Letters 20, 4823-4828 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[337,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL (6-cell stack)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-56\nmA/cm2",50,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[338,"Cu(OH)Br-derived Cu/Br, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Br","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-345\nmA/cm2",50,null,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",50,null,1,0,0]
[339,"Spherical 20 nm CuO NPs with loading of 1.7 mg/cm2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O ","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1.7/CuO_20nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",40,"?","CO2","-1.02 V\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",50,null,"A. Inoue, T. Harada, S. Nakanishi, K. Kamiya, Ultra-high-rate CO2 reduction reactions to multicarbon products with a current density of 1.7 A cm−2 in neutral electrolytes. EES Catalysis 1, 9-16 (2023).",50,null,0,0,0]
[340,"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[341,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,null,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[342,"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W / 2 min) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",50,null,"D. Gao, F. Scholten, B. Roldan Cuenya, Improved CO2 Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect. ACS Catal 7, 5112-5120 (2017).",50,null,0,0,0]
[343,"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO","-0.60 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",50,null,0,1,0]
[344,"\"Cu10Cs1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-45\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[345,"Porous iodine-doped (0.02 % I, ICP) CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","I-doped/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",50,null,"B. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction for high ethylene selectivity using iodine-doped copper oxide catalysts. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 980, 173550 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[346,"QAPEEK (anionic ionomer) layer on top of electrochemically leached (-150 mA in KOH) Cu/Al co-sputtered midlayer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","QAPEEK","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","QAPEEK/Al,Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","pure H2O","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-800\nmA/cm2",50,null,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",50,null,1,0,0]
[347,"Electro-reduced KOH-treated Cu/Al LDHs, yielding AlOx decorated Cu NPs, supported on CNPs, on GDL (backside sealed with epoxy)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AlOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-48\nmA/cm2",50,null,"J. Zhang et al., Surface promotion of copper nanoparticles with alumina clusters derived from layered double hydroxide accelerates CO2 reduction to ethylene in membrane electrode assemblies. Nano Research 16, 4685-4690 (2023).",50,null,0,0,0]
[348,"Hollow Al-doped CuOx spheres obtained via pyrolisis of impregnated Cu-based MOF, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_hollow","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.377 V\nvs. RHE","-626\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yang, X. et al. Al-doped oxide-derived copper catalyst with stable Cu+ site for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Chemical Engineering Science 299, 120415, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120415 (2024).",50,null,1,0,0]
[349,"Synthesis of CuO NCs doped with AgCl2, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgOx/S-Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V vs. RHE","-150 mA/cm2",50,null,"Liu, J., et al. (2022). \"Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes.\" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10(15): 8459-8465.",50,null,1,0,0]
[350,"Cu needles with Ag NP, on a GDL","Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu needle-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V vs. RHE","-350 mA/cm2",50,null,"Wei, C., et al. (2023). \"Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts.\" Advanced Functional Materials 33(28): 2214992.",50,null,1,0,0]
[351,"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-61 mA/cm2",50,null,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[352,"(SAA, ca. 2 at.%) Zr-doped Cu NPs mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zr-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-730\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic Electroconversion of CO2-to-n-Propanol Over Atomically Dispersed Lewis Acid Zr-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2418727, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418727.",50,null,1,0,0]
[353,"CuOx/CeOx mixed-phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuO_NPs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Chu et al., Stabilization of Cu+ by tuning a CuO–CeO2 interface for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6540-6546 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[354,"CeO2 quantum dots (3 nm) supported on irregularly shaped CuO NPs (200 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-QD/CuO_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Wang et al., Efficiently Electroreducing CO2 to Ethylene on Heterostructured CeO2/CuO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61, 16445-16452 (2022).",50,null,1,0,0]
[355,"Mixed CuO/CeO2 NPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NP/CuO_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",50,null,"C. W. Lee et al., Metal–Oxide Interfaces for Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2241-2248 (2019).",50,null,0,0,0]
[356,"Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL","Supported","Cu","Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022).",50,null,0,1,0]
[357,"Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021).",50,null,0,0,0]
[358,"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,null,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",50,null,1,0,0]
[359,"Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-2DMOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",50,null,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021).",50,null,0,0,0]
[360,"Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Azolate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,null,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[361,"Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,null,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022).",50,null,0,0,0]
[362,"Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[363,"Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024).",50,null,0,0,0]
[364,"Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,null,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020).",50,null,0,0,0]
[365,"B/Mg-doped CuOX NPs (\"Cu5(B0.02 M)Mg1\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg-B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","-293\nmA/cm2",50,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",50,null,1,0,0]
[366,"Cationic tetrabutylammonium-coated electroplated CuO dendrites (1.75 mg/cm2), on 121 Wet Proofing-modified GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O, N","Nafion, Tetrabutylammonium","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TBAN/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-1223\nmA/cm2",50,null,"M. P. L. Kang, H. Ma, R. Ganganahalli, B. S. Yeo, Surfactant-Enhanced Formation of Ethylene from Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction on Copper Catalysts. ACS Catal, 116-123 (2023).",50,null,0,1,0]
[367,"Mechanically polished and electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion CMV","(CEM)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2","49†_metallic,1",null,"Y. Huang, C. W. Ong, B. S. Yeo, Effects of Electrolyte Anions on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper (100) and (111) Surfaces. ChemSusChem 11, 3299-3306 (2018).",49,null,0,0,0]
[368,"Electrochemical-assisted carbonate-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","K2CO3/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",49,null,"D. Gao et al., Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 17047-17053 (2019).",49,null,0,0,0]
[369,"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",49,null,"D. Gao et al., Activity and Selectivity Control in CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products over CuOx Catalysts via Electrolyte Design. ACS Catal 8, 10012-10020 (2018).",49,null,0,0,0]
[370,"Cu2O/CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/CuO NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",49,null,"H. Shi et al., Stabilizing Cu+ Species in Cu2O/CuO Catalyst via Carbon Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310913.",49,null,0,0,0]
[371,"N-doped Cu (Cu3N) NCs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",49,null,"M. Zheng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ with Ampere-Level Current on Heteroatom-Engineered Copper via Tuning *CO Intermediate Coverage. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14936-14944 (2022).",49,null,1,0,0]
[372,"Porous CuO NSs (19.4 nm), on \"PTFE GDL\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","porous/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-430\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Zhang, J. et al. Steering CO2 electroreduction pathway toward ethanol via surface-bounded hydroxyl species-induced noncovalent interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218987120, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.2218987120 (2023).",49,null,1,0,0]
[373,"Al-doped (1.9 at%, ICP) CuOx nanoflakes derived from calcining Cu MOF,  on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade\nRT","(AEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",49,null,"J. Jang et al., Distinct reconstruction of aluminum-doped oxide-derived copper enhances the selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 19066-19073 (2023).",49,null,0,0,0]
[374,"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.45 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",49,null,1,0,0]
[375,"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",49,null,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",49,null,1,0,0]
[376,"Cu NP layer (1 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (0.2 mg/cm2), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. Journal of Catalysis 387, 163-169 (2020).",49,null,1,0,0]
[377,"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (5 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn5/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","? CO:Ar = 1:2","CO","?","-500\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",49,null,0,1,0]
[378,"Sn-doped CuO nanosheets (0.65%, 130 C), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y. Jiang et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuO by synergistically tuning oxygen vacancies and metal doping. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100356 (2021).",49,null,0,0,0]
[379,"Co-TMC surface-modified Cu NCs supported on carbon black, on GDL substrate","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"M. Wang, A. Loiudice, V. Okatenko, I. D. Sharp, R. Buonsanti, The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 14, 1097-1104 (2023).",49,null,0,0,0]
[380,"Synthesised CuO particles followed by AgNO3 doping, on a glassy carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, I, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","AgI-CuO ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.25 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1 V vs. RHE","-24 mA/cm2",49,null,"Yang, R., et al. (2022). \"In Situ Halogen-Ion Leaching Regulates Multiple Sites on Tandem Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61(21): e202116706.",49,null,0,0,0]
[381,"Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V vs. RHE","-8 mA/cm2",49,null,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",49,null,0,0,0]
[382,"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",49,null,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",49,null,0,0,0]
[383,"Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,null,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022).",49,null,0,0,0]
[384,"Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,null,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023).",49,null,1,0,0]
[385,"Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V391,2))","v":49},null,0,0,0]
[386,"Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,null,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137.",49,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S392=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J392=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L392=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I392),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I392),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I392),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S392=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V392,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A392+1","v":387},"Polyaniline-coated Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu ","Nafion, Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polyaniline/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Quaternary ammonia poly(N-methylpiperidine-\nco-p-terphenyl)","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",49,null,"X. Wei et al., Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Hydrocarbons at Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces. ACS Catal 10, 4103-4111 (2020).",49,null,0,0,0]
[388,"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.51 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",49,null,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",49,null,0,1,0]
[389,"Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",19,"?","CO2","-1.40 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Hori, A. Murata, R. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, Enhanced formation of ethylene and alcohols at ambient temperature and pressure in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 17-19 (1988).",48,null,0,0,0]
[390,"Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",18.5,1,"CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"M. Akira, H. Yoshio, Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, 123-127 (1991).",48,null,0,0,0]
[391,"Commercial metallic Cu NWs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-92\nmA/cm2",48,null,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",48,null,0,1,0]
[392,"Cu sputtered on PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.2 V\nvs. ANODE","-25\nmA/cm2",48,null,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",48,null,0,1,0]
[393,"Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich), on carbon paper GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","LSC-D520 (Dupont, D-520 = Nafion)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2-coated Ti foam",50,"? 1","CO2","-3.69 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Sun, J. et al. Rational catalyst layer design enables tailored transport channels for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction to multi-carbon products. Energy Environ Sci, doi:10.1039/D4EE03743J (2025).",48,null,1,0,0]
[394,"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",48,null,0,1,0]
[395,"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",48,null,0,1,0]
[396,"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-0.62 V\nvs. RHE","-167\nmA/cm2",48,null,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[397,"Co-containing (CO forming) TMC (porphyrin) coated on CuOx NW-modified Cu mesh substrate","Core/Shell, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl (CO2-saturated)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. Min et al., Construction of Cobalt Porphyrin-Modified Cu2O Nanowire Array as a Tandem Electrocatalyst for Enhanced CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Small n/a, 2400592.",48,null,0,0,0]
[398,"Ag NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-490\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[399,"Galvanic replacement commercial Cu NPs and Ag+","Foam","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu SAA","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.65 V vs. RHE","-708 mA/cm2",48,null,"Du, C., et al. (2023). \"Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 6142.",48,null,1,0,0]
[400,"Defective Ag NPs obtained from in-situ reduction of AgIO3 NSs mixed with CuO NSs (Cu:Ag ratio of 6), deposited on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgIO3-NS/CuO_NS","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-2.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Yang, R. et al. Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2414642, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414642.",48,null,0,0,0]
[401,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[402,"TiO2/sustainion toplayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/Sustainion/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",10,"CO2","-3.00 V\nvs. ANODE","-261\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Xu et al., Oxygen-tolerant electroproduction of C2 products from simulated flue gas. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 554-561 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[403,"Cu nanoclusters encapsulated in Ti-based MOF, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Fan, X. et al. Biomimetic Cu4 Cluster Encapsulated within Hollow Titanium-Oxo Nanoring for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS Materials Letters 5, 1527-1531, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00101 (2023).",48,null,1,0,0]
[404,"Cu-doped CeOx nanorods, on glassy carbon - prepared via deposition-precipitation method and subsequent annealing step","Alloyed/Doped","Ce, O, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,null,"D. Wu et al., Cuprous ions embedded in ceria lattice for selective and stable electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 9373-9377 (2018).",48,null,0,0,0]
[405,"CeO2 NPs (5 nm) supported on CuO NPs, on PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1214\nmA/cm2",48,null,"X. Yan et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on CeO2 modified CuO. Chemical Science 12, 6638-6645 (2021).",48,null,1,0,0]
[406,"CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",48,null,1,0,0]
[407,"Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,null,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",48,null,0,0,0]
[408,"2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025).",48,null,0,0,0]
[409,"Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[410,"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",48,null,1,0,0]
[411,"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Cs1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",48,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",48,null,0,0,0]
[412,"0.01 mg/cm2 microporous polymer (combination of ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger’s base (TB) monomers)-coated Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Ethanoanthracene, Troger’s base","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MicroP-Polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",48,null,"S. C. Perry et al., Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for targeted CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemosphere 248, 125993 (2020).",48,null,1,0,0]
[413,"Metallic Cu NPs with nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?",1,"CO","-1.46 V\nvs. RHE","-72\nmA/cm2",48,null,"D. S. Ripatti, T. R. Veltman, M. W. Kanan, Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion. Joule 3, 240-256 (2019).",48,null,0,1,0]
[414,"QAPEEK' overlayer on 1 μm-thick Cu layer with nanoscale roughness, sputtered on a GDL","Overlayer","Cu","QAPEEK (quaternary ammonia poly(ether ether ketone))","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#5","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.46 V\nvs. ANODE","-600\nmA/cm2",48,null,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",48,null,1,0,0]
[415,"Surface S-doped 'coral-like' CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, S, O","Nafion, thioacetamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",48,null,"T. Jia et al., Engineering vacancy and hydrophobicity of spherical coral-like CuO catalyst for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Surfaces and Interfaces 38, 102841 (2023).",48,null,0,0,0]
[416,"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",48,null,"Gabardo, C. M. et al. Continuous Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Concentrated Multi-carbon Products Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly. Joule 3, 2777-2791, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.021 (2019).",48,null,1,0,0]
[417,"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n+ stirring","FKB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","DSA",65,1,"CO","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",47,null,"M. P. Schellekens, S. J. Raaijman, M. T. M. Koper, P. J. Corbett, Temperature-dependent selectivity for CO electroreduction on copper-based gas-diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Chemical Engineering Journal 483, 149105 (2024).",47,null,0,1,0]
[418,"Microwave-assisted additional Cu-induced activity enhanced CuO nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Post-modified CuO NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",47,null,"J. Jang et al., Facile design of oxide-derived Cu nanosheet electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. EcoMat n/a, e12334 (2023).",47,null,0,0,0]
[419,"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05M H2SO4 + 3 M KCl (pH 0.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx @ Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Z. Ma et al., CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nature Communications 13, 7596 (2022).",47,null,0,0,0]
[420,"30 nm CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs-30nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-1000\nmA/cm2",47,null,"W. Ren, W. Ma, X. Hu, Tailored water and hydroxide transport at a quasi-two-phase interface of membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for CO electroreduction. Joule 7, 2349-2360 (2023).",47,null,0,1,0]
[421,"P-doped CuOx nm-sized spherical agglomerates, on GDL ","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",47,null,"L. Zhang et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Topics in Catalysis 66, 1527-1538 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[422,"CuBaCO3 NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Ba, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.65 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",47,null,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[423,"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (51.3:48.7 at. ratio), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phase-Sep_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumatech\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO2","-0.74 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-361\nmA/cm2",47,null,"S. Ma et al., Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, 47-50 (2017).",47,null,1,0,0]
[424,"SiO2 NPs supported on Cu2O NCs through physical mixing (10:2 mL basis), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",47,null,"T. Zhao et al., Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu2O with SiO2 to Enhance C2+ Product Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 13, 4444-4453 (2023).",47,null,0,0,0]
[425,"CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PFRC/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-1268\nmA/cm2",47,null,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[426,"Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ge, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",47,null,1,0,0]
[427,"Cu and Bi co-impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",47,null,0,0,0]
[428,"Poly-ionic liquid-coated Cu NPs mixed with CuCl, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Imidazolium, bipyridinium-based ionic liquid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@BPIL@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.005 M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",47,null,"Pan, Y., Li, X.-Q., Duan, G.-Y., Fang, J. & Xu, B.-H. Microenvironment regulation for high-performance acidic CO2 electroreduction on Poly(ionic liquid)-modified Cu surface. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124681 (2025).",47,null,0,0,0]
[429,"Commercial 50 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs-50nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (CO atmosphere)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","∆p gas/liquid = +20 mbar","CO","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"N. S. Romero Cuellar et al., Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. Journal of CO2 Utilization 36, 263-275 (2020).",46,null,0,1,0]
[430,"Cu-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-93\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",46,null,0,1,0]
[431,"F-doped CuO large NPs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F-doped CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-320\nmA/cm2",46,null,"X. Yan et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products on fluorine-doped copper. Green Chemistry 24, 1989-1994 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[432,"15 nm Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15nm-Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Ma et al., One-step electrosynthesis of ethylene and ethanol from CO2 in an alkaline electrolyzer. Journal of Power Sources 301, 219-228 (2016).",46,null,1,0,0]
[433,"CuOx MPs electrodeposited on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-601\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Zhang et al., Switching CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity Between C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 6, e12307 (2023).",46,null,1,0,0]
[434,"Ultrathin porous Cu foil chemically converted into Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles, reduced by H2 under slow temperature ramp. Hydrophobic, full-metal GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs_GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + 1.0 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.82 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",46,null,"M. Sun, J. Cheng, M. Yamauchi, Gas diffusion enhanced electrode with ultrathin superhydrophobic macropore structure for acidic CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications 15, 491 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[435,"P-doped pulse-electroplated Cu (Cu0.92P0.08) on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",46,null,"X. Kong et al., Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction. Science China Chemistry 64, 1096-1102 (2021).",46,null,1,0,0]
[436,"Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Pention D18 (Xergy Co., Ltd.)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","In-house BPM with water splitting catalyst + perforated AEM","Custom","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam","?","?","CO2","-4.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Wang, J. et al. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404110, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404110 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[437,"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[438,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",46,null,0,0,0]
[439,"Mg-doped CuO NSs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Li, X. et al. Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Nanoscale, doi:10.1039/D4NR02240H (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[440,"ZnO NPs supported on highly porous aggregrates of CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-on-CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",46,null,"Z. Yang et al., *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 332, 125870 (2024).",46,null,0,0,0]
[441,"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.15 V\nvs. ANODE","-652\nmA/cm2",46,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[442,"Chemically dezincified (through NaOH+(NH4)2S2O8 treatment) Zn-doped CuOx NWs, prepared from co-plated Zn/Cu alloy on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Zhang et al., Chemically dezincified copper nanowires catalysts with competitive selectivity for ethylene production by carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Ionics 28, 4817-4824 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[443,"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with Ag overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.05 V\nvs. ANODE","-688\nmA/cm2",46,null,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",46,null,1,0,0]
[444,"TiO2 NP overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[445,"Branched/’spikey’, amorphous sub-micron SiOx particles decorated with amorphous CuO NPs (18.52 wt%), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",46,null,"R. Yang et al., Amorphous urchin-like copper@nanosilica hybrid for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 61, 290-296 (2021).",46,null,0,0,0]
[446,"CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",46,null,1,0,0]
[447,"Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL","Supported [on Cu]","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,null,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[448,"CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Vulcan XC-72/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,"?","CO2"," -1.65 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,null,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023).",46,null,0,0,0]
[449,"N-doped carbon quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/carbon-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V455,2))","v":46},null,1,0,0]
[450,"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",46,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S456=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J456=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L456=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I456),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I456),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I456),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S456=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V456,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A456+1","v":451},"Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon","Single atom","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022).",46,null,0,0,0]
[452,"Commercial CuOx NPs (5.8 mg/cm2!) supported on scaffold of exfoliated Mg/Al LDH, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Mg, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","SELEMION AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1773\nmA/cm2",46,null,"S. Kwon, J. Zhang, R. Ganganahalli, S. Verma, B. S. Yeo, Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House-of-Cards Scaffolds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202217252 (2023).",46,null,0,1,0]
[453,"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, The role of in situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(i) species in C2+ product selectivity during CO2 pulsed electroreduction. Nature Energy 5, 317-325 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[454,"Cu overlayer sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO2","-1.61 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Ma et al., Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 977-985 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[455,"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Ma et al., Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 2470-2478 (2022).",45,null,0,1,0]
[456,"O2 plasma-treated (20 s, 20 W) chloride-derived CuOx NCs, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_NCs-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",45,null,"D. Gao et al., Plasma-Activated Copper Nanocube Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. ACS Nano 11, 4825-4831 (2017).",45,null,0,0,0]
[457,"Electrochemically reduced CuO micropore nanowire-modified Cu foam; oxygen-bearing copper micropore NWs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","OB-CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,null,"W. Zhang et al., Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 11417-11427 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[458,"Electrochemically restructured Cu by cycling in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 16 mM KCl as per [insert Robert Sloan ref], on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HCO3/Cl/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A. T. Bell, J. W. Ager, Optimizing C–C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. J Phys Chem C 121, 14191-14203 (2017).",45,null,0,0,0]
[459,"Pre-reduced (CO2RR conditions) CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pre-reduced/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Z. Xu et al., Dynamic restructuring induced Cu nanoparticles with ideal nanostructure for selective multi-carbon compounds production via carbon dioxide electroreduction. Journal of Catalysis 383, 42-50 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[460,"Porous Cu2O nanosphere superparticle, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Super/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,null,"X. Lv et al., Grain refining enables mixed Cu+/Cu0 states for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122272 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[461,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.23 V\nvs. ANODE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,null,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",45,null,0,1,0]
[462,"Highly porous CuOx NWs derived from polymer templating strategy (poly(acrylonitrile-blockmethylmethacrylate)), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH†_oxidic,7","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-238\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Pan, F. et al. Long-Range Confinement-Driven Enrichment of Surface Oxygen-Relevant Species Promotes C−C Electrocoupling in CO2 Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2303118, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303118 (2024).",45,null,1,0,0]
[463,"CuO NRs, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",45,null,0,1,0]
[464,"Al-doped Cu2O  microparticles, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",45,null,"S. Li, X. Sha, X. Gao, J. Peng, Al-Doped Octahedral Cu2O Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Produce Ethylene. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 12680 (2023).",45,null,0,0,0]
[465,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",45,null,1,0,0]
[466,"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (3 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn3/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",45,null,0,1,0]
[467,"Co-electroplated Cu/Pd foam (6.83:1 at. ratio), on carbon paper ","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",45,null,"R. Feng et al., Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 7560-7565 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[468,"Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O NPs (6 at. % Pd (?)), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-2.18 V\nvs. RHE","-615\nmA/cm2","45†_Cu-Pd,1",null,"B. Wang, L. Song, C. Peng, X. Lv, G. Zheng, Pd-induced polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion in acidic medium. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 671, 184-191 (2024).",45,null,0,0,0]
[469,"Ga-doped CuOx NCs (1.67 at.% Ga), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,null,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[470,"Cu shell grown on top of Au nanoribbons with 4H phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Core/Shell","Cu, Au, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4H-Au/Cu-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2"," -1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,null,"Y. Chen et al., Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 12760-12766 (2020).",45,null,0,0,0]
[471,"Cu NPs mixed with Ag NPs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag_NPs+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.42 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",45,null,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",45,null,0,0,0]
[472,"Ag NRs fully coated by Cu(NO3)2 solution ","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","4H Au@Cu nanoribbon","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V vs. RHE","-100 mA/cm2",45,null,"Chen, Y., et al. (2020). \"Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO(2) Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study.\" J Am Chem Soc 142(29): 12760-12766.",45,null,0,0,0]
[473,"Cu NSs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",45,null,"H.-D. Cai et al., Tuning the Interactions in CuO Nanosheet-Decorated CeO2 Nanorods for Controlling the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methane or Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, 7259-7267 (2022).",45,null,0,0,0]
[474,"Cu2O nanocubes with a tensile-strained CeO2/Cu shell, on GDL","Core/shell, mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-CuOx_SHELL/Cu2O_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.43 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"H. Wang et al., Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products. ACS Nano 17, 346-354 (2023).",45,null,1,0,0]
[475,"Self-assembling Cu-TMC (Bis(triphenylphosphine) Cu(I) nitrate) nanorods supported on XC-72R, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TMC_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-0.96 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",45,null,"P. Wang et al., Molecular Assembled Electrocatalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Fixation to C2+ Products. ACS Nano 16, 17021-17032 (2022).",45,null,0,0,0]
[476,"Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Distorted/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018).",45,null,1,0,0]
[477,"CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF-derived/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,null,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019).",45,null,0,0,0]
[478,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Pb, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Pb, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuPb","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",45,null,0,0,0]
[479,"Tip-exposed PTFE-coated electrochemically grown Cu nanoneedles scraped off and deposited on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,null,"B. Yang et al., Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric–Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 3039-3049 (2022).",45,null,1,0,0]
[480,"Cu plate with in-situ electrodeposited N-functionalized aryl moiety (10 mM)","Overlayer","Cu","N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium-Br2","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",45,null,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",45,null,0,0,0]
[481,"Amorphous N-functionalized (34% N)) carbon overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrically powered CO2-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nature Energy 5, 478-486 (2020).",45,null,1,0,0]
[482,"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO","?","-30\nmA/cm2",44,null,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",44,null,0,1,0]
[483,"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,null,"T. Zhang et al., The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO2/CO Reduction. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, 104506 (2022).",44,null,0,1,0]
[484,"Cu2(PO4)(OH) microrods, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2(PO4)(OH)_um rods","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-265\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods. AIChE Journal n/a, e18233 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[485,"CuO nanoneedles, on Toray Carbon Paper (TGP-H-60)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Fluorinated ethylene propylene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","FEP/CuO_NNs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-975\nmA/cm2",44,null,"T. H. M. Pham et al., Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders. Advanced Energy Materials 12, 2103663 (2022).",44,null,1,0,0]
[486,"CuOX NPs electrodeposited from 0.1 M CuCOOH + 0.1 M KHCO3 + sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate under constant CO2 bubbling, on GDL (?)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Fang et al., Hydrophobic, Ultrastable Cuδ+ for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products at Ampere-Current Levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 11323-11332 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[487,"Mixed Cu-metal/Cu2O MPs with prism-shaped Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2","44†_oxidic,8",null,"Ye, M. et al. Phase engineering of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanospheres for boosting tandem electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 622, 156981, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156981 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[488,"Semi-porous Cu3Al-derived wires, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Al_wires","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",44,null,1,0,0]
[489,"Cu100Al7.88-OD nanosheets (number representing wt%), consisting of CuOx phases and amorphous Al2O3 phase mixed homogeneously, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.68 V\nvs. RHE","-693\nmA/cm2",44,null,"H. Cheng et al., Stabilization of Cu+ sites by amorphous Al2O3 to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Green Chemistry,  (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[490,"Al-doped Cu-based layered double hydroxide (LDH), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Wang, X. et al. Stabilizing Cu+ species by Al-doping with enhanced *CO coverage for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07386J (2025).",44,null,1,0,0]
[491,"Cu90Zn10 alloy layer, on GDL - prepared via magnetron co-sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu90Zn10","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[492,"Cu1Pd0.004 NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-581\nmA/cm2",44,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",44,null,0,1,0]
[493,"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP on GDL, immersed AgNO3 solution for various times.","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO","-0.56 V vs. RHE","?",44,null,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",44,null,0,1,0]
[494,"Core/shell NPs with Ag core and Cu shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@Cu-p4.9","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V vs. RHE","-299 mA/cm2",44,null,"Zhong, Y., et al. (2022). \"Adjusting Local CO Confinement in Porous-Shell Ag@Cu Catalysts for Enhancing C–C Coupling toward CO2 Eletroreduction.\" Nano Letters 22(6): 2554-2560.",44,null,0,0,0]
[495,"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,null,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",44,null,0,1,0]
[496,"Porous ZrO2 layer on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",44,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes. Chem 8, 2148-2162 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[497,"Ultrafine (<10 nm) CuOx/CeOx composite NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Bandal, H. A., Dabaro, M. D. & Kim, H. Boosting selectivity for multi-carbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction via enhanced hydroxide adsorption in ultrafine CuOx/CeOx nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12, 114445, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114445 (2024).",44,null,0,0,0]
[498,"In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDL","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,null,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018).",44,null,0,1,0]
[499,"CuO NSs supported on VXC-72r, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","VXC-72r/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.66 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,null,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[500,"Cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",44,null,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[501,"[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","π-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,null,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[502,"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",44,null,1,0,0]
[503,"Mesoporous Cu(OH)2 NRs mixed with large quantity of Nafion (28.4 wt%), supported on CNTs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic, A-supports-B","Cu, O, C","Nafion or Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion/CuOx_NPs/CNTs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic regulation of hydrophobicity and basicity for copper hydroxide-derived copper to promote the CO2 electroreduction reaction. Carbon Energy 5, e328, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.328 (2023).",44,null,1,0,0]
[504,"Pre-reduced gluconic acid-capped (800 mg)  OH-rich Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Gluconic acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GluconicA/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",44,null,"C. Li et al., Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Surface Hydroxylation over Cu-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 13, 16114-16125 (2023).",44,null,0,0,0]
[505,"Electrolyte-soaked 60 µm-thick porous (0.44 μm pore size) PTFE support overlayer on top of commercial 25 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Thin-film-PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Home-made BPM with TiO2 NP interlayer","(BPM [rev])","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti felt",35,"?","CO2","-5.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,null,"K. Xie et al., Bipolar membrane electrolyzers enable high single-pass CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 13, 3609 (2022).",44,null,0,0,0]
[506,"Metallic Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_overlayer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",43,null,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",43,null,0,1,0]
[507,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[508,"In-house Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-818\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",43,null,0,1,0]
[509,"Mixed CuOx MP catalyst containing Cu4O3 phase, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu4O4_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Cs2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir mixed metal oxide/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"N. Martić et al., Paramelaconite-Enriched Copper-Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901228 (2019).",43,null,0,0,0]
[510,"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.26 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",43,null,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",43,null,1,0,0]
[511,"Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Lv et al., Iodine-Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2311236.",43,null,0,0,0]
[512,"In-situ reduced CuOx MPs under CO atmosphere, yielding small Cu NPs (ca. 3 nm) 'supported' on larger Cu MPs (ca. 300 nm) on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-size/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-390\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Li, J. et al. Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol. Nature Communications 9, 4614, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07032-0 (2018).",43,null,0,1,0]
[513,"P-doped electroplated (\"-0.5 V\") Cu layer on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Han, S. et al. Boosting promote C2 products formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via phosphorus-enhanced proton feeding. Chemical Engineering Journal 479, 147735, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147735 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V519,2))","v":43},null,0,0,0]
[514,"Cu2O NCs decorated with Zn (\"4%\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Rüscher, M. et al. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper–zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, 3028-3043, doi:10.1039/D2CY00227B (2022).",43,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S520=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J520=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L520=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I520),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I520),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I520),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S520=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V520,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A520+1","v":515},"Co (0.2 %)/CuO alloy NPs (ca. 16 nm) with single-atom Co prepared from Cu-MOF precursor, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",43,null,"B. Kim et al., Trace-Level Cobalt Dopants Enhance CO2 Electroreduction and Ethylene Formation on Copper. ACS Energy Letters 8, 3356-3364 (2023).",43,null,0,0,0]
[516,"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",43,null,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",43,null,0,1,0]
[517,"Co-plated Cu and Ag from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-148\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",43,null,1,0,0]
[518,"Core-shell NPs prepared by precipitation of Cu(OH)2 on Ag core, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@C@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Not Found","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V vs. RHE","-400 mA/cm2",43,null,"Zhang, J., et al. (2022). \"Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction in flow reactors.\" Cell Reports Physical Science 3(7): 100949.",43,null,1,0,0]
[519,"Ag-doped (2%) Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.74 V vs. RHE","-1350 mA/cm2",43,null,"Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y. & Lin, B.-L. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol via the Synergistic Effect of Cu–Ag Bimetallic Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 14045-14052, doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 (2022).",43,null,1,0,0]
[520,"Porous ZrO2 layer prepared via decomposition of  UiO‑66 (Zr-based MOF, 0.25 mg/cm2), on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",43,null,"X. Li et al., Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 14, 134 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[521,"Mixed-phase CeO2/CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1  M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",43,null,"M. Fang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products via Oxygen-rich Vacancies and Ce4+−O2−−Cu+ Structure in Cu/CeO2 for Stabilizing Cu+. ChemCatChem n/a, e202301266 (2023).",43,null,0,0,0]
[522,"La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[523,"Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,null,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[524,"CuBaCO3 NPs supported on MWCNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, Ba, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MWCNT/CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",43,null,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",43,null,1,0,0]
[525,"Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell_N/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021).",43,null,0,0,0]
[526,"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",43,null,0,0,0]
[527,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-30 mA/cm2",43,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",43,null,0,0,0]
[528,"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"N117\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",43,null,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",43,null,0,0,0]
[529,"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",42,null,0,0,0]
[530,"Water-quenced 500 C-warm CuO particles, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Quenched/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,"?","CO2","-0.84 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,1 (50)",null,"C. Yang et al., Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 570, 375-381 (2020).",42,null,1,0,0]
[531,"CuO nanosheet-functionalized Cu GDL prepared via thermal evaporation","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.25 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-200\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,4",null,"M. Wang, L. Wan, J. Cheng, J. Luo, Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 14070-14077 (2022).",42,null,0,1,0]
[532,"Al-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[533,"Co-doped (1.1 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",42,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[534,"Au/Cu janus nanocrystals derived from penta-twinned Au nanobipyramids, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","bipyramid/Au-Cu_janus","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",42,null,"H. Jia et al., Symmetry-Broken Au–Cu Heterostructures and their Tandem Catalysis Process in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2101255 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[535,"Au NPs (\"large\", order of a few nm) supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[536,"The CuO supports prepared by precipitation method followed by Ag impregnation, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion 115","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1-CuO-2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,null,"Xue, L., et al. (2023). \"Ultralow Ag-assisted carbon–carbon coupling mechanism on Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.\" Journal of Energy Chemistry 82: 414-422.",42,null,0,0,0]
[537,"Sythesyzed Cu nanocubes doped with AgNO3, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","CuO, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV, AGC Inc.",null,"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,null,"Herzog, A., et al. (2021). \"Operando Investigation of Ag-Decorated Cu2O Nanocube Catalysts with Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction toward Liquid Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60(13): 7426-7435.",42,null,0,0,0]
[538,"CuO Nanowires modified with AgNO3","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag−Cu2O NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-",null,null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-36 mA/cm2",42,null,"Gao, J., et al. (2019). \"Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(47): 18704-18714.",42,null,0,0,0]
[539,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",42,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",42,null,0,0,0]
[540,"Hf-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Hf, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hf/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",42,null,1,0,0]
[541,"Commercial Cu NPs with a hydrophobic polymer coating consisting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hydrophobic/Si/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-Grade 50 RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.81 V\nvs. ANODE","-450\nmA/cm2",42,null,"T. Zhao et al., Functionalizing Cu nanoparticles with fluoric polymer to enhance C2+ product selectivity in membraned CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 340, 123281 (2024).",42,null,1,0,0]
[542,"Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, single atom","Cu, Gd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,null,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[543,"Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,null,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020).",42,null,0,0,0]
[544,"CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech\nFAA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,null,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021).",42,null,0,1,0]
[545,"Binuclear Cu phenanthroline TMC mixed with graphite powder, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",42,null,"N. Liu et al., Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Advanced Materials n/a, 2309526.",42,null,0,0,0]
[546,"{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[547,"CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, O, C, N","C3N4","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,null,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021).",42,null,0,0,0]
[548,"Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, W, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,null,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[549,"Cu and Bi co-impregnated (ca 1:1 atomic ratio) into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",42,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",42,null,0,0,0]
[550,"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","n/a",42,null,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",42,null,0,0,0]
[551,"Hydrophobic pention D18 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Pention D18","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pention_D18/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50, grade 60","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.58 V -iR\nvs. Au/QRE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,null,"M. Zhuansun et al., Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Hydrophobicity-Induced Electro-Kinetic Retardation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309875 (2023).",42,null,1,0,0]
[552,"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",42,null,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",42,null,0,1,0]
[553,"44 nm Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","44nm/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",41,null,"A. Loiudice et al., Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 5789-5792 (2016).",41,null,0,0,0]
[554,"Partially oxidized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO","?","-200\nmA/cm2",41,null,"R. Kurihara et al., Carbon Monoxide Reduction Reaction to Produce Multicarbon Products in Acidic Electrolytes Using Gas Diffusion Electrode Loaded with Copper Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials Interfaces n/a, 2300731 (2023).",41,null,0,1,0]
[555,"Pre-reduced {100}/{111}-interface rich CuOx NPs on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}|{111}/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Z.-Z. Wu et al., Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 259-269 (2022).",41,null,0,0,0]
[556,"Electrochemically cycled (e.g., oxide-derived) Cu75Zn25 alloy disk","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cycled/Zn-Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","AHO, AGC Inc.","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","?",41,null,"A. H. M. da Silva et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: Effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 880, 114750 (2021).",41,null,0,0,0]
[557,"Cu NPs (3 nm) supported on Zn-based MOF (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.62 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Zhang, Y. et al. Lowering *CO Affinity over Cu Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multicarbon Products at High Current Density. CCS Chemistry 6, 2950-2960, doi:doi:10.31635/ccschem.024.202404245 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[558,"Cu NWS decorated with a Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8), on carbon paper","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Sun, B. et al. Highly-exposed copper and ZIF-8 interface enables synthesis of hydrocarbons by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 831-839, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.205 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[559,"Cu/Ni alloy NPs (7% Ni), co-sputtered on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion 37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",41,null,"H. Song, Y. C. Tan, B. Kim, S. Ringe, J. Oh, Tunable Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Well-Mixed Ni–Cu Alloys. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 55272-55280 (2021).",41,null,1,0,0]
[560,"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",41,null,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",41,null,0,0,0]
[561,"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP dispersed in methanol with Nafion deposited on GDL, immersed in aqueous AgNO3 solution for various times.","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-1.31 V vs. RHE","?",41,null,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",41,null,1,0,0]
[562,"The AgCu alloy catalyst was obtained via electroreduction, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCuOx ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",41,null,"Wang, J., et al. (2019). \"Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11(3): 2763-2767.",41,null,0,0,0]
[563,"Electroplated Cu NPs with Ag layer created by spincoating with AgNO3 solution, on a Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu Np","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-20 mA/cm2",41,null,"Hou, L., et al. (2020). \"Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene.\" Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7(10): 2097-2106.",41,null,0,0,0]
[564,"Ag NPs with a porous (40 nm thick) Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2O/Ag_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2"," -1.6 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",41,null,"Lu, Y. et al. Confinement Catalysis of Reaction Intermediates in Ag@Cu2O Cascade Nanoreactors toward Boosted Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Catal 14, 14744-14753, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c04115 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[565,"CuSiO3 nanotube-assembled hollow spheres, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_spheres","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",41,null,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",41,null,0,0,0]
[566,"La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,null,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226.",41,null,1,0,0]
[567,"Cu-TMC (Copper(II) meso -tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) NSs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",41,null,"M. Sun, Z. Tao, X. Xu, S. Min, L. Kang, Effect of morphology and structure of CuTCPP nanomaterials on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane and ethylene. Applied Catalysis A: General 666, 119406 (2023).",41,null,0,0,0]
[568,"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",41,null,0,0,0]
[569,"F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[570,"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer with a MOF/nafion-derived midlayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO","-2.7 V \nvs. ANODE","-295\nmA/cm2",41,null,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",41,null,0,1,0]
[571,"Electrocycled (CVs in 0.3 M KCl) Cu plate with benzimidazole overlayer","Overlayer","Cu","Benzimidazole","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Benzimidazole/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",41,null,"S. Zhong et al., Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chemical Communications 54, 11324-11327 (2018).",41,null,0,0,0]
[572,"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",41,null,0,0,0]
[573,"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of commercial Cu NPs on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-190\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",41,null,1,0,0]
[574,"PVDF overlayer on top of CuO NPs on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.22 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",41,null,"Liang, H.-Q. et al. Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water. ACS Catal 11, 958-966, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03766 (2021).",41,null,0,0,0]
[575,"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer (100 nm) on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.1000000000000001,"CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"M. Sassenburg et al., Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 5983-5994 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[576,"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu aerogel, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Aero/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,null,"C. Kim et al., Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2102142 (2021).",40,null,0,0,0]
[577,"Highly defective 150 nm Cu3N-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\n37-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO","-4.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"C. Zhao et al., In Situ Topotactic Transformation of an Interstitial Alloy for CO Electroreduction. Advanced Materials 32, 2002382 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V583,2))","v":40},null,0,1,0]
[578,"'Highly fragmented' CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragmented/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",40,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S584=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J584=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L584=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I584),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I584),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I584),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S584=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V584,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A584+1","v":579},"In-situ reduced, highly porous Cu2P2O7, on custom GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, P, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2P2O7","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ir black coated foam","?","? 95% CO2, 5% N2","CO2","-3.36 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",40,null,"J. Sang et al., A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202114238 (2022).",40,null,1,0,0]
[580,"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-115\nmA/cm2",40,null,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",40,null,0,0,0]
[581,"B/Cu alloy layer (5% B) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-B","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",40,null,1,0,0]
[582,"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst (Cu100Zn4.9), on carbon paper - prepared via co-plating","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",40,null,"T. Deng et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Energy,  (2023).",40,null,0,0,0]
[583,"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst co-electroplated from single plating bath, directly onto a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Zn/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M K2CO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,null,"X. Meng et al., Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts prepared by facial potential steps electrodeposition favoring Zn deposition and grain boundary formation for efficient CO2ER to ethylene. Fuel 369, 131775 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[584,"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), mixed with carbon, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","\"proton exchange membrane\"","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[585,"Sn-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sn/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-6\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[586,"CuOx NPs coated with an ultrathin Pd shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-shell/CuOx_NP-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Du, X. et al. Ultrathin Palladium-loaded Cuprous oxide stabilises Copper(I) to facilitate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 685, 537-545, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.132 (2025).",40,null,0,0,0]
[587,"Cu NCs with 0.7 nm Pb shell, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Pb, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pb-shell/Cu_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",40,null,"P. Wang et al., Synergized Cu/Pb Core/Shell Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency CO2 Reduction to C2+ Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 1039-1047 (2021).",40,null,0,0,0]
[588,"Au/Cu alloy hollow NWs (Cu:Au of 5:1) prepared via galvanic displacement, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow_Au/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",40,null,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",40,null,0,1,0]
[589,"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich penta-twinned nanorods (1 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.62 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[590,"AgNO3 doping of CuO particles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu2O-Ag-0.6","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?",{"$nulls":4},"?","?","?","CO2","?","-1200 mA/cm2",40,null,"Su, W., et al. (2021). \"Highly dispersive trace silver decorated Cu/Cu2O composites boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol.\" Journal of CO2 Utilization 52: 101698.",40,null,1,0,0]
[591,"Ag/Cu catalysts were deposited by cosputtering with Cu and Ag targets ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag0.14/Cu0.86","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","?","-200 mA/cm2",40,null,"Li, Y. C., et al. (2019). \"Binding Site Diversity Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(21): 8584-8591.",40,null,0,0,0]
[592,"Ag surface-mofied CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",40,null,"Xu, J. et al. Ag-Precipitated CuO Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Sustainability 16, 5888 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[593,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.48 V vs. RHE","-500 mA/cm2",40,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[594,"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-1.2 V vs. RHE","?",40,null,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",40,null,0,1,0]
[595,"Carbon/graphite toplayer on Cu2O dodecahedron NPs with a NH2-functionalized SiO2 shell supported on carbon midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O, N, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Si-NH2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh (1500 mesh)","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-292\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., SiO2 assisted Cu0–Cu+–NH2 composite interfaces for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 1218-1232 (2024).",40,null,0,0,0]
[596,"Small Cu NPs supported on Cu-doped CeOx NRs, mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu,CeOx/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-610\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Yang, J. & Kuang, M. Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 20115-20120, doi:10.1039/D4TA01808G (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[597,"La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,null,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019).",40,null,0,0,0]
[598,"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA–3","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021).",40,null,0,1,0]
[599,"Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023).",40,null,0,0,0]
[600,"Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1","Core/shell","Cu, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024).",40,null,1,0,0]
[601,"Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,null,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",40,null,0,0,0]
[602,"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs (0.5 mg/cm2) mixed with Zn NSs (0.01 mg/cm2) and PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn_NS/B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,null,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",40,null,1,0,0]
[603,"1-methyl-benzimidazolium-functionalized paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one polymer on top of on Cu NPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","1-methyl-benzimidazolium, paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Me-benzimidazolium/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT (?)","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,null,"L. Xue et al., Dual-Role of Polyelectrolyte-Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co-Electrolysis to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309519 (2023).",40,null,1,0,0]
[604,"Cu(100) crystal prepared via PVD of Cu on Si(100) crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)-PVD","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",39,null,"C. Hahn et al., Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 5918-5923 (2017).",39,null,0,0,0]
[605,"Commercial um-sized CuCl reduced in-situ, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuCl-derived_Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",39,null,"T. Qin, Y. Qian, F. Zhang, B.-L. Lin, Cloride-derived copper electrode for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chinese Chemical Letters 30, 314-318 (2019).",39,null,0,0,0]
[606,"Al/Cu alloy layer (5% Al) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Al","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",39,null,1,0,0]
[607,"B-doped dendritic Cu (B gradient at surface) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_dendrite2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V\nvs. SHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"M. Löffelholz et al., Optimized scalable CuB catalyst with promising carbon footprint for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 3, 100035 (2023).",39,null,1,0,0]
[608,"B-doped (0.15 at. %) CuO NSs,on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Z. Li et al., Boron-modified CuO as catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 towards C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 647, 158919 (2024).",39,null,0,0,0]
[609,"Mg-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mg, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.72 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",39,null,1,0,0]
[610,"Au NPs (0.7 at.%) supported on Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",39,null,"Z. Wei, S. Yue, S. Gao, M. Cao, R. Cao, Synergetic effects of gold-doped copper nanowires with low Au content for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. Nano Research 16, 7777-7783 (2023).",39,null,0,0,0]
[611,"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NWs grown on Cu-sputtered, etched FTO substrate","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",39,null,"J. Gao, D. Ren, X. Guo, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C–C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: a study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discussions 215, 282-296 (2019).",39,null,0,0,0]
[612,"Synthesis of Cu2O NCs doped by AgNO3, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","dCu2O/Ag1.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-2.1 V vs. RHE","800 mA/cm2",39,null,"Wang, P., et al. (2022). \"Boosting electrocatalytic CO2–to–ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling.\" Nature Communications 13(1): 3754.",39,null,1,0,0]
[613,"Ce(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",39,null,1,0,0]
[614,"Cu NPs (5 nm) supported on rod-shaped CeO2 particles, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-rod/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",39,null,"X. L. Senlin Chu, Alex W. Robertson, Zhenyu Sun, Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene over CeO2-Supported Cu Nanoparticles: Effect of Exposed Facets of CeO2. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 37, 2009023- (2021).",39,null,0,0,0]
[615,"CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,null,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",39,null,0,1,0]
[616,"Diphenyliodonium salt-derived electrografted overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Diphenyliodonium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diphenyliodonium/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",39,null,"N. B. Watkins, Y. Wu, W. Nie, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In Situ Deposited Polyaromatic Layer Generates Robust Copper Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Variable pH. ACS Energy Letters 8, 189-195 (2023).",39,null,0,0,0]
[617,"Cu (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",38,null,1,0,0]
[618,"Electrochemically polished Cu foil","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Echem-polish/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-1.4\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal 8, 7445-7454, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01200 (2018).",38,null,0,1,0]
[619,"'Fragment' CuOx-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.76 V\nvs. RHE","-59\nmA/cm2",38,null,"T.-T. Zhuang et al., Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nature Catalysis 1, 946-951 (2018).",38,null,0,1,0]
[620,"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",38,null,0,1,0]
[621,"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,null,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[622,"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,null,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",38,null,0,1,0]
[623,"CeO2 NPs  overlayer interfaced with CuOx layer, on Cu foil - prepared via drop-casting and drying at 110 C","Overlayer","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2-overlayer/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",38,null,"Z. Zhao, X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, H. B. Wu, CeO2-modified Cu electrode for efficient CO2 electroreduction to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 54, 101741 (2021).",38,null,0,0,0]
[624,"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods on glassy carbon - prepared via galvanic displacement of lithiated CeO2 rods","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Yin et al., Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering. ACS Catal 12, 1004-1011 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[625,"CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Eu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",38,null,1,0,0]
[626,"\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE","Supported","Cu, C","Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu","?","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,null,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999).",38,null,0,0,0]
[627,"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",38,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",38,null,0,0,0]
[628,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Ru-doped (4% and 1 %,  XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Ru/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",38,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",38,null,0,1,0]
[629,"Commercial spherical Cu microparticles with native CuOx film and nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO","-0.78 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",38,null,"J. Li et al., Effectively Increased Efficiency for Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Using Supported Polycrystalline Copper Powder Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 9, 4709-4718 (2019).",38,null,0,1,0]
[630,"Well-defined porous copper layer with controlled pore size (30 nm), depth (40 nm) and interspacing, on stainless steel","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mesoporous/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",37,null,"K. D. Yang et al., Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angewandte Chemie 129, 814-818 (2017).",37,null,0,0,0]
[631,"Cu layer magnetron-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-222\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",37,null,1,0,0]
[632,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Al alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[633,"Cu NWs decorated with Ni-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",37,null,1,0,0]
[634,"Co TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",37,null,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",37,null,0,0,0]
[635,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ga alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[636,"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",37,null,1,0,0]
[637,"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",37,null,0,1,0]
[638,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag-doped (4 wt%, XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",37,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",37,null,0,1,0]
[639,"Ag−Cu NDs were synthesized using a seed-mediated method, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1−Cu1.1 NDs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-1 mA/cm2",37,null,"Huang, J., et al. (2019). \"Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag–Cu Nanodimers.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(6): 2490-2499.",37,null,0,0,0]
[640,"H2-annealed Cu-doped SiOx NPs (thermal treatment results in Cu aggregation), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx/SiO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,null,"X. Tan et al., Stabilizing Copper by a Reconstruction-Resistant Atomic Cu–O–Si Interface for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8656-8664 (2023).",37,null,0,0,0]
[641,"CuO NPs supported on \"3D spherical CeO2\" with many oxygen vacancies (Cu:Ce of 7:3), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO/CeO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Yang, Z. et al. Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 495, 153506, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153506 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V647,2))","v":37},null,0,0,0]
[642,"CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,null,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023).",37,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S648=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J648=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L648=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I648),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I648),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I648),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S648=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V648,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A648+1","v":643},"CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt grid","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,null,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022).",37,null,0,0,0]
[644,"SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Sr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA_3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,null,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022).",37,null,1,0,0]
[645,"CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",36,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",36,null,0,1,0]
[646,"Electrochemically reduced nanosheet-like mixed metal Cu5Al1Ox, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",36,null,"X. Wen et al., Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons. Vacuum 222, 112974 (2024).",36,null,0,0,0]
[647,"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-Phase/Janus","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe-TMC/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",36,null,"M. Wang et al., Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with Fe-porphyrins and Cu nanocubes enhances ethylene production. Chemical Science 13, 12673-12680 (2022).",36,null,0,0,0]
[648,"Au/Cu janus-type NPs consisting of concave Au NCs linked with hollow quasi-spherical Cu particles (ca. 118 nm) (Au:Cu ratio of 1:24), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NCs/Hollow_Cu-sphere","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2"," -0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-480\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Y. Zheng et al., Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2201695 (2022).",36,null,1,0,0]
[649,"Cu NPs supported on Graphdiyne doped with Ag, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag–Cu/GDY","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion N-115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",36,null,"Zhu, Q., et al. (2023). \"Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products.\" Nanoscale 15(5): 2106-2113.",36,null,0,0,0]
[650,"Synthesised Ag NPs were doped with copper acetate and PVP, on a GDL","Core shell, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu 10%","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 plated sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-375 mA/cm2",36,null,"Cai, Z., et al. (2023). \"Hierarchical Ag-Cu interfaces promote C-C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 325: 122310.",36,null,1,0,0]
[651,"CuO NPs mixed with amorphous ZrO2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph-ZrO2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Pt-Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Kim, D., Yun, H., Kim, J., Lee, C. W. & Hwang, Y. J. Enhanced C–C coupling of Cu-based catalysts via zirconia-driven carbonate interaction for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 23780-23788, doi:10.1039/D4TA04707A (2024).",36,null,1,0,0]
[652,"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1",null,"Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023).",36,null,0,0,0]
[653,"Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,null,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018).",36,null,0,0,0]
[654,"CNP and graphite layers on top of CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",36,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",36,null,1,0,0]
[655,"In-situ electroplated Cu NCs, prepared via oxidative/reductive cycling in Cl- containing solution, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",35,null,"P. Grosse et al., Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects. Angewandte Chemie 130, 6300-6305 (2018).",35,null,0,0,0]
[656,"CNP and graphite toplayers, on CuO/CuAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",35,null,1,0,0]
[657,"Mg-doped CuOX NPs containing amorphous Mg(OH)2, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.37 V\nvs. RHE","-279\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[658,"Cu83Zn17 catalyst, on Au substrate - prepared via co-plating","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",35,null,"J.-J. Velasco-Vélez et al., Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy. Advanced Sustainable Systems 7, 2200453 (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[659,"Dual-single atom Cu/Zn (3:1 ratio) deposited on N-functionalized amorphous/graphitic carbon, on Toray carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",35,null,"G. Dong et al., Manipulating electrochemical CO2 reduction pathway by engineering energy level of Cu/Zn dual-metal single atom catalysts. Applied Surface Science 660, 159956 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[660,"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-700\nmA/cm2",35,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",35,null,0,1,0]
[661,"Pd surface doped (0.002 at. %) CuN3 NCs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuN3_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Charge-Separated Pdδ−–Cuδ+ Atom Pairs Promote CO2 Reduction to C2. Nano Letters 23, 2312-2320 (2023).",35,null,1,0,0]
[662,"Pd NCs (ca. 20 nm) with a 'thick' (15 nm) Cu shell, ","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-shell/Pd_NC-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Liu, S. et al. Epitaxial Growth of Atomic-Layer Cu on Pd Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Chemistry of Materials, doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02541 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[663,"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",35,null,0,1,0]
[664,"Ni-based SAC mixed with Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[665,"Cu-Ag bimetallic catalysts by simultaneous galvanic replacement, on a glass carbon electrode","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg0.025 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","?",35,null,"Li, M., et al. (2023). \"Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol.\" Advanced Science 10(2): 2204579.",35,null,0,0,0]
[666,"Mixed Ag/Cu-melamine complex, on carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ag","Nafion, melamine","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu_melamine","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",35,null,"Suliman, M. H. et al. CO2 electroreduction to C2 products on bimetallic silver copper melamine complexes. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 14, 100355, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100355 (2025).",35,null,1,0,0]
[667,"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",35,null,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",35,null,0,1,0]
[668,"Ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell (3.4 nm) around Cu NP core (<90 nm) (1% Si), on GDL","Core/Shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.2 V\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",35,null,"M. Wang et al., Hydrophobic SiO2 Armor: Stabilizing Cuδ+ to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS Nano,  (2024).",35,null,0,0,0]
[669,"Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 424","(CEM)","3 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,null,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017).",35,null,0,0,0]
[670,"Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL",25,1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,null,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022).",35,null,0,1,0]
[671,"Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper","Supported, SAC","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,null,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[672,"CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",35,null,1,0,0]
[673,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",35,null,0,1,0]
[674,"Post-annealed, electrodeposited Cu2O MPs \"supported on\" roughened N-doped graphite paper","Supported","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/N-graphite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Yan, Z. et al. The in situ growth of Cu2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, 6742-6749, doi:10.1039/D1CY01099A (2021).",35,null,0,0,0]
[675,"N-doped graphene quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/graphene-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-348\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",35,null,1,0,0]
[676,"Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C","Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,null,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020).",35,null,0,0,0]
[677,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",35,null,0,1,0]
[678,"Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Se","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,null,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[679,"Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pt","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,null,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",35,null,0,0,0]
[680,"Pd-doped, agglomerated defective Ag/CuOx nanosheets derived from CuOx NPs with Au seed (\"Pd0.7Cu40.0Ag59.3\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Ag/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-502\nmA/cm2",35,null,"D. L. Haoyu Sun, Yuanyuan Min, Yingying Wang, Yanyun Ma, Yiqun Zheng, Hongwen Huang, Hierarchical Palladium-Copper-Silver Porous Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 40, 2307007- (2024).",35,null,1,0,0]
[681,"Co-plated P-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","P/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",34,null,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",34,null,0,0,0]
[682,"Porous Cu MPs prepared via dealloying Al2Cu pre-cursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al2Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8􀀀 50-X","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-75\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Z. Qi et al., Scalable fabrication of high activity nanoporous copper powders for electrochemical CO2 reduction via ball milling and dealloying. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45, 101454 (2021).",34,null,1,0,0]
[683,"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (B) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, C, N, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",34,null,0,0,0]
[684,"Core/shell NPs with Cu2O shell (ca. 60 nm) and ZnO core (ca. 30 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-core/Cu2O-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",34,null,"S. Zhu et al., Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products. Catalysts 11, 535 (2021).",34,null,1,0,0]
[685,"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[686,"Janus catalyst composed of Cu decahedra NPs grown on Pd seed (46.2:1 at. ratio Cu/Pd), supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Janus-Pd/Cu_decahedra","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Z. Lyu et al., Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 149-162 (2021).",34,null,0,0,0]
[687,"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (98:2 wt. ratio) deposited via electroplating on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plated_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"C. Zhu et al., Cu–Pd Bimetallic Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small Structures 4, 2200328 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[688,"Alloyed Pb/Cu NPs (Cu:Pb ratio of 0.2%, possibly phase-separated) mixed with CNPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO","-2.4 V\nvs. SCE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"M. Schwartz, M. E. Vercauteren, A. F. Sammells, Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, 3119 (1994).",34,null,0,1,0]
[689,"Ga/Cu alloy layer (5% Ga) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ga","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",34,null,1,0,0]
[690,"Metal powder mixed and heated up to 2650 °C, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, C","Teflon","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu:Ag 0.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO","-2.3 V vs. SCE","-200 mA/cm2","34",null,"Schwartz, M., et al. (1994). \"Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals.\" Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141(11): 3119.",34,null,0,1,0]
[691,"Synthesis of CuO NPs followed by addition of AgOCOCF3 making core shell, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag0.1nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V vs. RHE","-110 mA/cm2",34,null,"Kuhn, A. N., et al. (2021). \"Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials.\" Advanced Functional Materials 31(26): 2101668.",34,null,1,0,0]
[692,"Exchange of Ag+ ions from Cu nanosheets, on a glass carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CA-foil-20-40","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",34,null,"Li, J., et al. (2021). \"Copper sulfide as the cation exchange template for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.\" RSC Advances 11(39): 23948-23959.",34,null,0,0,0]
[693,"Cu impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",34,null,0,0,0]
[694,"Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,null,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019).",34,null,0,1,0]
[695,"\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)","TMC, supported","Cu","[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Astom Co. ASE","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,null,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020).",34,null,0,0,0]
[696,"Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,null,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020).",34,null,0,0,0]
[697,"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7",null,"J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023).",34,null,0,0,0]
[698,"Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023).",34,null,1,0,0]
[699,"Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pt, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,null,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024).",34,null,1,0,0]
[700,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Au-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Au/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-400\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",34,null,0,1,0]
[701,"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Pd-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Pd/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",34,null,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",34,null,0,1,0]
[702,"Electropolymerized N-tolyl pyridinium-based overlayer on Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl pyridinium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-tolyl/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.41 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",34,null,"W. Nie, G. P. Heim, N. B. Watkins, T. Agapie, J. C. Peters, Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202216102 (2023).",34,null,1,0,0]
[703,"Electrodeposited Cu, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO","-0.98 V\nvs. RHE","-87\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Sullivan, I. et al. A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, 16964-16970, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04959 (2019).",33,null,0,1,0]
[704,"Laser-prepared Cu/Zn alloy NPs (7-15 nm, 4:1 ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Laser/Zn-Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Y. Feng et al., Laser-Prepared CuZn Alloy Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544-13549 (2018).",33,null,0,0,0]
[705,"Pb-doped (3.4 wt%) Cu2O nanosheets, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu2O_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",33,null,"X. Ma et al., Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Green Chemistry 25, 7635-7641 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V711,2))","v":33},null,1,0,0]
[706,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Fe-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Fe, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",33,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",33,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S712=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J712=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L712=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I712),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I712),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I712),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S712=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V712,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A712+1","v":707},"Ag nanocrystals with copper overlayer, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B,","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu2O seg-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-102 mA/cm2",33,null,"Yu, F., et al. (2023). \"Multilayer-Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products.\" Small 19(38): 2301558.",33,null,1,0,0]
[708,"Electrodeposited CuAgx on carbon support","Mixed-phae/Janus, A-supports-B, dendritic","Cu, Ag","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V vs. RHE","-11 mA/cm2",33,null,"Liu, H., et al. (2024). \"High-performance carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products on EDTA-modified Cu–Ag tandem catalyst.\" Journal of Catalysis 429: 115227.",33,null,0,0,0]
[709,"CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,null,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",33,null,1,0,0]
[710,"Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-dopedGO/Cu-NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,null,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020).",33,null,0,0,0]
[711,"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperION (or Sustainion?)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO",40,"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",33,null,0,1,0]
[712,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Sn (Cu/Sn wt of ca. 40), with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Sn, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuSn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",33,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",33,null,0,0,0]
[713,"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Ag, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Ag, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuAg","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",33,null,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",33,null,0,0,0]
[714,"Co-plated B-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",32,null,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",32,null,0,0,0]
[715,"B-doped CuOX NPs (\"B0.02M\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-0.97 V\nvs. RHE","-163\nmA/cm2",32,null,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",32,null,1,0,0]
[716,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Ni-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-49\nmA/cm2",32,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[717,"Ni clusters deposited through galvanic displacement on CuS-derived roughened Cu foam","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni_NP/Cu-foam","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion\n37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",22,"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-268\nmA/cm2",32,null,"X. Zhang et al., Atomic nickel cluster decorated defect-rich copper for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291, 120030 (2021).",32,null,1,0,0]
[718,"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Co-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",32,null,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[719,"Synthesized Ag nanowires were mixed with Cu(OAc)2 generating Ag@CuOx-X","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@CuOx-32","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-16 mA/cm2",32,null,"Chang, C.-J., et al. (2019). \"Quantitatively Unraveling the Redox Shuttle of Spontaneous Oxidation/Electroreduction of CuOx on Silver Nanowires Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.\" ACS Central Science 5(12): 1998-2009.",32,null,0,0,0]
[720,"Self prepared  Cu np were doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution creating Ag shell","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag-2 NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-23 mA/cm2",32,null,"Zhang, S., et al. (2021). \"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward C2 Valuables on Cu@Ag Core-Shell Tandem Catalyst with Tunable Shell Thickness.\" Small 17(37): 2102293.",32,null,1,0,0]
[721,"Ag NPs (25 wt%) anchored on Cu NWs with a 4, 4’-bipyridine linker, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",32,null,"Gao, X. et al. Intermediate-regulated dynamic restructuring at Ag-Cu biphasic interface enables selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ fuels. Nature Communications 15, 10331, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 (2024).",32,null,0,0,0]
[722,"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu2S-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, S, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu2S/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-230†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",32,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",32,null,1,0,0]
[723,"Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,null,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021).",32,null,0,0,0]
[724,"Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL","?",1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,null,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023).",32,null,1,0,0]
[725,"Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,null,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023).",32,null,0,0,0]
[726,"P-doped Cu NPs (P/Cu of 0.075), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",31,null,"H. Chen et al., Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cuδ+ sites. Applied Surface Science 544, 148965 (2021).",31,null,0,0,0]
[727,"CuPd NPs (1:0.383 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-0.5%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.74 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",31,null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[728,"Disordered Cu/Pd NPs (1.1:1 atomic ratio), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",31,null,0,1,0]
[729,"Pd/Cu alloy layer (5% Pd) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Pd","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",31,null,1,0,0]
[730,"Cu NPs supported on Ni-N/C , on glassy carbon","Tandem catalyst, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ni_C,N","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.09 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",31,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[731,"Thermally annealed Cu-Ga LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Ga_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-522\nmA/cm2",31,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[732,"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-1800\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[733,"Cu NWs decorated with Fe-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",31,null,1,0,0]
[734,"Single atom Fe sites on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Single atom","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-SAC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S.-F. Hung et al., A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nature Communications 13, 819 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[735,"Cu-BTC doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ag/NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",31,null,"Zou, X., et al. (2023). \"Nitrogen-doped carbon confined Cu-Ag bimetals for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to high-order products.\" Chemical Engineering Journal 468: 143606.",31,null,0,0,0]
[736,"Ag2Cu2O3 synthesised from Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, on a GDL","Alloyed","Cu, Ag, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag2Cu2O3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M CsHCO3 ","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1 M CsHCO3 ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ti sheet coated with Ir-MMO","?",1,"CO","?","-200 mA/cm2",31,null,"Martić, N., et al. (2020). \"Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products.\" Energy & Environmental Science 13(9): 2993-3006.",31,null,0,1,0]
[737,"5 nm Ag layer sputter-deposited on Cu sputtered (100 nm) GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","CO2"," -2.82 V vs. ANODE","-200 mA/cm2",31,null,"Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk Layering Effects of Ag and Cu for Tandem CO2 Electrolysis. ChemSusChem n/a, e202401769, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401769.",31,null,0,0,0]
[738,"Cu NPs (40 wt%) supported on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 nanoflakes, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti407","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",31,null,0,1,0]
[739,"Cu/CeOx bi-phasic heterodimers (24 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ce(OH)x-Janus_like/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",31,null,"S. B. Varandili et al., Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 9, 5035-5046 (2019).",31,null,0,0,0]
[740,"Few-atom thick Cu shell on CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_SHELL/CeO2_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,null,"T. Yang et al., Interfacial Synergy between the Cu Atomic Layer and CeO2 Promotes CO Electrocoupling to Acetate. ACS Nano 17, 8521-8529 (2023).",31,null,0,1,0]
[741,"CuO NPs (30 nm) supported on CeO2 NCs (230 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NP/CeO2_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Tian, Y. et al. Membrane-free Electrocatalysis of CO2 to C2 on CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Frontiers in Chemistry 10, doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.915759 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[742,"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,null,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[743,"4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,null,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[744,"High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,null,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019).",31,null,0,0,0]
[745,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[746,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023).",31,null,1,0,0]
[747,"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",31,null,0,0,0]
[748,"Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Sc","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",31,null,1,0,0]
[749,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",31,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",31,null,0,0,0]
[750,"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag/Pd alloy shell (Cu79Ag16Pd5), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,null,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",31,null,0,0,0]
[751,"Calcined (800 °C) Cu/Al LDH pre-cursor, yielding CuAl2O4/CuO NPs, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","PK-3-K-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",30,null,"T. Zhang, B. Yuan, W. Wang, J. He, X. Xiang, Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202302096 (2023).",30,null,1,0,0]
[752,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/B alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",30,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",30,null,1,0,0]
[753,"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",30,null,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",30,null,0,0,0]
[754,"Cu NWs decorated with Zn-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",30,null,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",30,null,1,0,0]
[755,"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Core shell, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu-20","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","Not found",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauge",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",30,null,"Chang, Z., et al. (2017). \"The Tunable and Highly Selective Reduction Products on Ag@Cu Bimetallic Catalysts Toward CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction.\" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121(21): 11368-11379.",30,null,0,0,0]
[756,"Prepared by high-energy ball milling CuO particles with Ag powders, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OD)0.9Ag0.1","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVAGC Inc.","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO","-0.57 V vs. RHE","-133 mA/cm2","30",null,"Li, J., et al. (2023). \"Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu–Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 698.",30,null,0,1,0]
[757,"Alloyed by melting and cryogrinding, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?",null," ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",30,null,"Nellaiappan, S., et al. (2020). \"High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization.\" ACS Catalysis 10(6): 3658-3663.",30,null,0,0,0]
[758,"Cu cubes were sythesised and then doped with AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-233 mA/cm2",30,null,"Niu, D., et al. (2021). \"Cu2O-Ag Tandem Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2 Products.\" Molecules 26(8): 2175.",30,null,1,0,0]
[759,"Silicon wafers covered by Cu and Ag by reactive sputtering","Janus, two-phase","Cu, Ag, (Si)","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-sputter/Cu,Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",30,null,"Lum, Y. and J. W. Ager (2018). \"Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu.\" Energy & Environmental Science 11(10): 2935-2944.",30,null,0,0,0]
[760,"CuSiO3 long nanotubes, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_nanotubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-19\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",30,null,0,0,0]
[761,"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-161†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",30,null,1,0,0]
[762,"(Single atomic) Cu-doped (\"4%\") CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Single atom, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/CeO2_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Single-Atomic Cu with Multiple Oxygen Vacancies on Ceria for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4. ACS Catal 8, 7113-7119, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01014 (2018).",30,null,0,0,0]
[763,"Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Er, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",30,null,0,0,0]
[764,"Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,null,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023).",30,null,0,0,0]
[765,"High entrypy AuAgPtPdCu NPs (16 +- 10 nm)  with single atom Cu sites, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA/Cu-SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-14 mA/cm2",30,null,"S. Nellaiappan et al., High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization. ACS Catal 10, 3658-3663 (2020).",30,null,0,0,0]
[766,"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO","-0.43 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",29,null,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",29,null,0,1,0]
[767,"\"CuPd(100) interface catalyst\" prepared starting from Pd NPs, supported on Kochin black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd(100)/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",29,null,"L. Zhu et al., Tuning the intermediate reaction barriers by a CuPd catalyst to improve the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, 1500-1508 (2021).",29,null,0,0,0]
[768,"AgNO3 doping of CuO NP ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","10 Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V vs. RHE","-52 mA/cm2",29,null,"Kim, Y. E., et al. (2023). \"Ag decorated-Cu2O catalysts with enhanced selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2+ products.\" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5): 111028.",29,null,0,0,0]
[769,"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on TiO2 NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/TiO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-116\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V775,2))","v":29},null,0,1,0]
[770,"Cu/CeOx NPs with oxygen vacancies prepared via N2H4 as a reducing agent, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","? -16\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Xue, L. et al. Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 100, 66-76, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.025 (2025).",29,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S776=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J776=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L776=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I776),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I776),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I776),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(S776=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V776,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A776+1","v":771},"Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,null,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021).",29,null,0,0,0]
[772,"Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,null,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",29,null,1,0,0]
[773,"Thermally annealed Cu-Al LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Al_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-951\nmA/cm2",28,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",28,null,1,0,0]
[774,"Thermally annealed Cu-Mg LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Mg_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-505\nmA/cm2",28,null,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",28,null,1,0,0]
[775,"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich nanocubes (2 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-150\nmA/cm2",28,null,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",28,null,1,0,0]
[776,"Au-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",28,null,1,0,0]
[777,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ag alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",28,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",28,null,1,0,0]
[778,"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag alloy shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",28,null,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",28,null,0,0,0]
[779,"Ag-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",28,null,1,0,0]
[780,"CuOx impregnated in mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) mixed with PTFE, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","mesoporous-SiO2/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fuma FAA-PK-13","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Cheng, L. et al. Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Performance through Si-Doped CuO: Stabilization of Cu+/Cu0 Sites and Improved C2 Product Selectivity. ACS Catal 14, 10324-10333, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c01961 (2024).",28,null,1,0,0]
[781,"La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"X37-50 anion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,null,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022).",28,null,1,0,0]
[782,"Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Tb, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",28,null,0,0,0]
[783,"Hydrogen annealed, Cu-MOF derived Cu NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,null,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",28,null,1,0,0]
[784,"Trimetallic Cu10La1Ag1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Ag1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",28,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",28,null,0,0,0]
[785,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Pd1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",27,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",27,null,0,1,0]
[786,"Cu NPs mixed with (in-situ formed) PdO2 NPs ‘dissolved’/dispersed in an IL polymer layer, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdO2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",27,null,"X.-Q. Li, G.-Y. Duan, X.-X. Yang, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-electron reduction products using poly(ionic liquid)-based Cu-Pd catalyst. Fundamental Research 2, 937-945 (2022).",27,null,1,0,0]
[787,"Co-doped (\"0.4%\") Cu NWs, grown on Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, Core/Shell","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",27,null,"Sanaz, S. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on cobalt decorated copper catalysts. Chemical Synthesis 4, 44 (2024).",27,null,0,0,0]
[788,"Ga(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ga, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",27,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",27,null,1,0,0]
[789,"Sytheses of NP with in AgNO3 and Cu(acac)2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","(AgCu)50-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",27,null,"Zha, J., et al. (2023). \"Surface Site-Specific Replacement for Catalysis Selectivity Switching.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15(3): 3985-3992.",27,null,1,0,0]
[790,"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,null,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",27,null,0,0,0]
[791,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Au1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Au1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",27,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",27,null,0,0,0]
[792,"B-doped Cu2O NWs, on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Y. Yao et al., Restraining lattice oxygen of Cu2O by enhanced Cu–O hybridization for selective and stable production of ethylene with CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20914-20923 (2022).",26,null,0,0,0]
[793,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Ni1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ni/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",26,null,0,1,0]
[794,"Cu−Ag NCs synthesized by galvanic exchange of Cu(0) with Ag-trifluoroacetate (Ag-TFA), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Ag0.15/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","carbon cloth",25,"?","CO2","-1.13 V vs. RHE","-288 mA/cm2",26,null,"Choukroun, D., et al. (2021). \"Mapping Composition–Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu–Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction.\" ACS Nano 15(9): 14858-14872.",26,null,0,0,0]
[795,"Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pr, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",26,null,0,0,0]
[796,"Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,null,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024).",26,null,0,0,0]
[797,"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",26,null,1,0,0]
[798,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",26,null,0,1,0]
[799,"Pd-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",25,null,1,0,0]
[800,"Air-oxidized Cu/Ni alloy NPs (19% Ni), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alloy/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",25,null,"T. M. Suzuki et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nanoparticles derived from an oxidized Cu–Ni intermetallic alloy. Chemical Communications 56, 15008-15011 (2020).",25,null,0,0,0]
[801,"Co-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Co, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",25,null,1,0,0]
[802,"Cu9Ag1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.65 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",25,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",25,null,0,1,0]
[803,"Ce4+- (ion, not oxide) doped CuO NPs (100 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce4+-doped/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Ce,1",null,"Y. Sun et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 via Unconventional Hybridization: High-Order Ce4+ 4f and O 2p Interaction in Ce-Cu2O for Stabilizing Cu+. ACS Nano 17, 13974-13984 (2023).",25,null,0,0,0]
[804,"Cu NPs supported on hollow CeO2 NCs (CeO2:Cu = 1:4), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/hollow-CeO2_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V\nvs. RHE","?",25,null,"Wang, Y. et al. Cerium Dioxide-Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products. ChemSusChem n/a, e202402097, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402097.",25,null,1,0,0]
[805,"CuOx NPs supported on CeO2 NRs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt \"flake\"","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Deng, Q. et al. Revealing the construction of CuOCe interfacial sites via increased support utilization for enhanced CO2 electroreduction and Li-CO2 batteries. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 651, 883-893, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.054 (2023).",25,null,0,0,0]
[806,"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,null,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019).",25,null,0,0,0]
[807,"MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper","Supported, MOF","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,null,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020).",25,null,0,0,0]
[808,"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",25,null,0,1,0]
[809,"CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1",null,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",25,null,1,0,0]
[810,"Au NPs (\"small\") supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement mixed with Ni-SAC, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra/Ni-SAC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",25,null,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",25,null,0,0,0]
[811,"Semi-porous Cu3Zn-derived NPs, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Zn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.15 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",24,null,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",24,null,1,0,0]
[812,"SnO2-decorated (3 %) CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",24,null,"Y. Lan, G. Niu, F. Wang, D. Cui, Z. Hu, SnO2-Modified Two-Dimensional CuO for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, 36128-36136 (2020).",24,null,0,0,0]
[813,"Cu/Sn alloy NPs (3 % Sn) mixed with Vulcan Carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","?",24,null,"Dauda, M. et al. Activity and Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at CuSnx Electrocatalysts Using a Zero-Gap Membrane Electrode Assembly. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, 084503, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6fd7 (2024).",24,null,1,0,0]
[814,"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NPs/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",24,null,"X. Cao et al., Enhanced Ethylene Formation from Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Sequential Catalysis on Au Decorated Cubic Cu2O Electrocatalyst. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 2353-2364 (2021).",24,null,0,0,0]
[815,"Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)","Supported, MOF","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,null,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021).",24,null,0,0,0]
[816,"Glycine overlayer on top Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Glycine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Gly/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-\nmA/cm2",24,null,"M. S. Xie et al., Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy & Environmental Science 9, 1687-1695 (2016).",24,null,0,0,0]
[817,"Cu NPs in an ionic liquid polymer impregnated with SnCl2 (1 mol% vs. Cu), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sn, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnCl2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","80% CO,\n20% N2","CO","?","-250\nmA/cm2",23,null,"Y.-R. Du et al., Sn-based redox cycle mediated microenvironment regulation of Cu sites on poly(ionic liquid) enhance electrocatalytic CO-to-C2+ conversion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 337, 122969 (2023).",23,null,0,1,0]
[818,"Cu/Ga alloy NPs (4 at. % Ga), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ga/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",23,null,"V. Okatenko et al., Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 5370-5383 (2023).",23,null,0,0,0]
[819,"Au NPs (8 nm) linked via bipyridine to Cu NWs (50 nm) supported on CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, C","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Linked_Au-NP/Cu-NW","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",23,null,"J. Fu et al., Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 14100-14103 (2019).",23,null,0,0,0]
[820,"Cu coated Ag core shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","PTFE powder","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag core / porous Cu shell","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V vs. RHE","-137 mA/cm2",23,null,"Junqueira, J. R. C., et al. (2021). \"Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" ChemElectroChem 8(24): 4848-4853.",23,null,0,0,0]
[821,"Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",23,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",23,null,1,0,0]
[822,"Chemically dealloyed (5 M NaOH, 50 °C) Al90Cu7.5Ce2.5 ribbons, with remaining traces of Al (2.2 at %), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al-doped/CuOx-CeOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR vs. RHE","- 98 mA/cm2",23,null,"T. Kou et al., Amorphous CeO2–Cu Heterostructure Enhances CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Alcohols. ACS Materials Letters 4, 1999-2008 (2022).",23,null,1,0,0]
[823,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Zn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Zn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",22,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",22,null,0,1,0]
[824,"Cu/Co (4% Co) alloy NPs prepared via co-electroplating on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_alloyNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",22,null,"Y. Takatsuji et al., Highly Selective Methane Production Through Electrochemical CO2 reduction by Electrolytically Plated Cu-Co Electrode. Electrocatalysis 10, 29-34 (2019).",22,null,0,0,0]
[825,"Fe-doped (1.3 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",22,null,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",22,null,0,0,0]
[826,"Au/Cu alloy layer (5% Au) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Au","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",22,null,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",22,null,1,0,0]
[827,"Galvanic replacement from Cu to Ag to achieve in situ formation of CuAg ensembles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu9Ag1 NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",22,null,"Choi, C., et al. (2021). \"Intimate atomic Cu-Ag interfaces for high CO2RR selectivity towards CH4 at low over potential.\" Nano Research 14(10): 3497-3501.",22,null,0,0,0]
[828,"CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh 100","?",1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,null,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",22,null,0,0,0]
[829,"Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,null,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022).",22,null,0,1,0]
[830,"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",22,null,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",22,null,0,0,0]
[831,"Galvanic displacement driven surface-Au doped Cu microcones on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-doped/Cu_microcone","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,null,"S. Shen et al., AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol. Small 15, 1902229 (2019).",21,null,0,0,0]
[832,"Hollow Cu NPs with Au NPs inside of them, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-in-hollow-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,null,"R. Zhang et al., Highly stability Cu+ species in hollow Cu2O nanoreactors by modulating cavity size for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 461, 142052 (2023).",21,null,0,0,0]
[833,"Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V839,2))","v":21},null,1,0,0]
[834,"Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,null,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",21,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(S840=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(J840=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(L840=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",I840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",I840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",I840),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",I840),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",I840),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(S840=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(V840,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$f":"A840+1","v":835},"Exfoliated B/Cu-based MOF (“BIF-104(Cu)”) nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall AgOx NPs mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, B, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag_NP/B,Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",21,null,"P. Shao et al., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene via Copper−Silver Tandem Catalyst in Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2300088 (2023).",21,null,0,0,0]
[836,"Cu shell/Au core NPs (50 nm) with elemental gradient, on GDL","Core/shell (gradient)","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gradient Au(core)/Cu(shell)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-0.1\nmA/cm2",20,null,"J. Huang et al., Bimetallic Au-Cu gradient alloy for electrochemical CO2 reduction into C2H4 at low overpotential. Journal of Catalysis 415, 134-141 (2022).",20,null,0,0,0]
[837,"Cu particles electroplated on 'wrinkled' Au substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/wrinkled_Au","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",20,null,"Rakhsha, A. et al. Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products. Nano Energy 133, 110457, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110457 (2025).",20,null,0,0,0]
[838,"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,null,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[839,"Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,null,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[840,"Tensile strained Cu overlayer (32 nm)  on NiTi sheet","Overlayer","Cu, Ti, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Strained/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",20,null,"M. Du, X. Zhao, G. Zhu, H.-Y. Hsu, F. Liu, Elastic strain controlling the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on Cu overlayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 4933-4944 (2021).",20,null,0,0,0]
[841,"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, La, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-120\nmA/cm2",20,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",20,null,1,0,0]
[842,"Gd0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Gd, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",20,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",20,null,1,0,0]
[843,"Electropolymerized ethynyl and azide-based overlayer with in-situ generated distrubted Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Overlayer","Cu","Ethynyl-precursor, azide-precursor","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electropolymer/Cu-NPs/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",20,null,"R. Igarashi, R. Takeuchi, K. Kubo, T. Mizuta, S. Kume, On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper (I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Frontiers in Chemistry 7, 860 (2019).",20,null,0,0,0]
[844,"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Sn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",19,null,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",19,null,0,1,0]
[845,"Alloy/mixed metal Ga/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Ga-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",19,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",19,null,1,0,0]
[846,"7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,null,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016).",19,null,0,0,0]
[847,"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,null,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",19,null,0,0,0]
[848,"Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,null,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018).",19,null,0,0,0]
[849,"Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sc","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",18,null,1,0,0]
[850,"CNP and graphite layers on top of reduced CuZnO alloy catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",17,null,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",17,null,1,0,0]
[851,"Fe-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Fe, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.9 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",17,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",17,null,1,0,0]
[852,"Zr(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",17,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",17,null,1,0,0]
[853,"Pr0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Pr, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",17,null,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",17,null,1,0,0]
[854,"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Sn alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",16,null,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",16,null,1,0,0]
[855,"Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mo","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion® AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,null,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021).",16,null,0,0,0]
[856,"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:1/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-102\nmA/cm2",15,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",15,null,1,0,0]
[857,"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",15,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",15,null,1,0,0]
[858,"TiO2 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",15,null,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",15,null,1,0,0]
[859,"CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,null,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",15,null,0,0,0]
[860,"Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",15,null,0,0,0]
[861,"Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, W","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",14,null,1,0,0]
[862,"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu57Ag43_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-15 mA/cm2",13,null,"Wei, D., et al. (2023). \"Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Ag−Cu Bimetallic Surface Alloys for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62(19): e202217369.",13,null,0,0,0]
[863,"Alloy/mixed metal Hf/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Hf","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Hf-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",13,null,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",13,null,1,0,0]
[864,"Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,null,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",12,null,0,0,0]
[865,"Ni-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Ni, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",10,null,1,0,0]
[866,"Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mn, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,null,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",10,null,1,0,0]
[867,"Au NPs (10 nm) on top of electropolished monocrystalline Cu substrate, restructuring in-situ to form core/shell structures","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-on-Cu(S)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",8,null,"C. Zhu et al., Dynamic restructuring of epitaxial Au-Cu biphasic interface for tandem CO2-to-C2+ alcohol conversion. Chem 8, 3288-3301 (2022).",8,null,0,0,0]
["†_metallic,1We report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 49 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 42 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,2Derived from FE(C2H4) and j(C2H4) as opposed to the reported LSV"]
["†_oxidic,3SI table states 0.1 M KHCO3 without KBr, but text states with KBr"]
["†_oxidic,4Disagreement between numbers in main text and SI, report here number provided in main text"]
["†_oxidic,5Highly unstable signal due to continuous in-situ electrodeposition of Cu"]
["†_oxidic,6Text denotes specifically that \"L-ascorbic acid sodium\" is used, although not mentioned in SI table"]
["†_oxidic,7Text denotes \"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\", but SI table says electrolyte is 1.0 M KOH"]
["†_oxidic,8Reported total FE is unreasonably high: 106.6%"]
["†_Cu-Al,1Main text states 79.4, SI states 82.4. Report here main text value"]
["†_Cu-Pd,1Report the value given in main text, as opposed to SI table (45 vs. 44%)"]
["†_Cu-Ni,1Main text states 57.3, SI states 57.8. Rounded down to 57"]
["†_Cu-Ag,1Used current density and FE described in text to calculate total current, as opposed to figure (ca. 85 mA/cm2 vs. ca. 110 mA/cm2)"]
["†_Cu-Ce,1Conflicting information (main text vs. figure) in document, report here number given in main text"]
["†_Cu-Ce,2Text and figure information does not match, report here the numbers provided in the text"]
["†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)"]
["Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5"]
["Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal"]
["†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density"]
["†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,1Used value from LSV, rather than text value"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,2Indeed 2 °C, not a typo"]
["†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 56 % as opposed to 69 %)"]

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,21,1774,21],[1773,22,1774,22],[1773,24,1774,24],[1773,25,1774,25],[1773,26,1774,26],[1693,0,1694,0],[1693,1,1694,1],[1693,2,1694,2],[1693,3,1694,3],[1693,4,1694,4],[1693,5,1694,5],[1693,6,1694,6],[1693,7,1694,7],[1693,8,1694,8],[1693,9,1694,9],[1693,10,1694,10],[1693,11,1694,11],[1693,12,1694,12],[1693,13,1694,13],[1693,14,1694,14],[1693,15,1694,15],[1693,16,1694,16],[1693,17,1694,17],[1693,18,1694,18],[1693,19,1694,19],[1693,20,1694,20],[1693,21,1694,21],[1695,0,1696,0],[1695,1,1696,1],[1695,2,1696,2],[1695,3,1696,3],[1695,4,1696,4],[1695,5,1696,5],[1695,6,1696,6],[1695,7,1696,7],[1695,8,1696,8],[1695,9,1696,9],[1695,10,1696,10],[1695,11,1696,11],[1695,12,1696,12],[1695,13,1696,13],[1695,14,1696,14],[1695,15,1696,15],[1695,16,1696,16],[1695,17,1696,17],[1695,18,1696,18],[1695,19,1696,19],[1695,20,1696,20],[1695,21,1696,21],[1689,0,1690,0],[1689,1,1690,1],[1689,2,1690,2],[1689,3,1690,3],[1689,4,1690,4],[1689,5,1690,5],[1689,6,1690,6],[1689,7,1690,7],[1689,8,1690,8],[1689,9,1690,9],[1689,10,1690,10],[1689,11,1690,11],[1689,12,1690,12],[1689,13,1690,13],[1689,14,1690,14],[1689,15,1690,15],[1689,16,1690,16],[1689,17,1690,17],[1689,18,1690,18],[1689,19,1690,19],[1689,20,1690,20],[1689,21,1690,21],[1691,0,1692,0],[1691,1,1692,1],[1691,2,1692,2],[1691,3,1692,3],[1691,4,1692,4],[1691,5,1692,5],[1691,6,1692,6],[1691,7,1692,7],[1691,8,1692,8],[1691,9,1692,9],[1691,10,1692,10],[1691,11,1692,11],[1691,12,1692,12],[1691,13,1692,13],[1691,14,1692,14],[1691,15,1692,15],[1691,16,1692,16],[1691,17,1692,17],[1691,18,1692,18],[1691,19,1692,19],[1691,20,1692,20],[1691,21,1692,21],[1685,0,1686,0],[1685,1,1686,1],[1685,2,1686,2],[1685,3,1686,3],[1685,4,1686,4],[1685,5,1686,5],[1685,6,1686,6],[1685,7,1686,7],[1685,8,1686,8],[1685,9,1686,9],[1685,10,1686,10],[1685,11,1686,11],[1685,12,1686,12],[1685,13,1686,13],[1685,14,1686,14],[1685,15,1686,15],[1685,16,1686,16],[1685,17,1686,17],[1685,18,1686,18],[1685,19,1686,19],[1685,20,1686,20],[1685,21,1686,21],[1687,0,1688,0],[1687,1,1688,1],[1687,2,1688,2],[1687,3,1688,3],[1687,4,1688,4],[1687,5,1688,5],[1687,6,1688,6],[1687,7,1688,7],[1687,8,1688,8],[1687,9,1688,9],[1687,10,1688,10],[1687,11,1688,11],[1687,12,1688,12],[1687,13,1688,13],[1687,14,1688,14],[1687,15,1688,15],[1687,16,1688,16],[1687,17,1688,17],[1687,18,1688,18],[1687,19,1688,19],[1687,20,1688,20],[1687,21,1688,21],[1601,22,1602,22],[1601,24,1602,24],[1601,25,1602,25],[1601,26,1602,26],[1603,22,1604,22],[1603,24,1604,24],[1603,25,1604,25],[1603,26,1604,26],[1605,22,1606,22],[1605,24,1606,24],[1605,25,1606,25],[1605,26,1606,26],[1607,22,1608,22],[1607,24,1608,24],[1607,25,1608,25],[1607,26,1608,26],[1609,22,1610,22],[1609,24,1610,24],[1609,25,1610,25],[1609,26,1610,26],[1611,22,1612,22],[1611,24,1612,24],[1611,25,1612,25],[1611,26,1612,26],[1613,22,1614,22],[1613,24,1614,24],[1613,25,1614,25],[1613,26,1614,26],[1683,0,1684,0],[1683,1,1684,1],[1683,2,1684,2],[1683,3,1684,3],[1683,4,1684,4],[1683,5,1684,5],[1683,6,1684,6],[1683,7,1684,7],[1683,8,1684,8],[1683,9,1684,9],[1683,10,1684,10],[1683,11,1684,11],[1683,12,1684,12],[1683,13,1684,13],[1683,14,1684,14],[1683,15,1684,15],[1683,16,1684,16],[1683,17,1684,17],[1683,18,1684,18],[1683,19,1684,19],[1683,20,1684,20],[1683,21,1684,21],[1683,22,1684,22],[1683,24,1684,24],[1683,25,1684,25],[1683,26,1684,26],[1611,0,1612,0],[1611,1,1612,1],[1611,2,1612,2],[1611,3,1612,3],[1611,4,1612,4],[1611,5,1612,5],[1611,6,1612,6],[1611,7,1612,7],[1611,8,1612,8],[1611,9,1612,9],[1583,22,1584,22],[1583,24,1584,24],[1583,25,1584,25],[1583,26,1584,26],[1585,22,1586,22],[1585,24,1586,24],[1585,25,1586,25],[1585,26,1586,26],[1587,22,1588,22],[1587,24,1588,24],[1587,25,1588,25],[1587,26,1588,26],[1589,22,1590,22],[1589,24,1590,24],[1589,25,1590,25],[1589,26,1590,26],[1591,22,1592,22],[1591,24,1592,24],[1591,25,1592,25],[1591,26,1592,26],[1593,22,1594,22],[1593,24,1594,24],[1593,25,1594,25],[1593,26,1594,26],[1595,22,1596,22],[1595,24,1596,24],[1595,25,1596,25],[1595,26,1596,26],[1597,22,1598,22],[1597,24,1598,24],[1597,25,1598,25],[1597,26,1598,26],[1599,22,1600,22],[1599,24,1600,24],[1599,25,1600,25],[1599,26,1600,26],[1565,22,1566,22],[1565,24,1566,24],[1565,25,1566,25],[1565,26,1566,26],[1567,22,1568,22],[1567,24,1568,24],[1567,25,1568,25],[1567,26,1568,26],[1569,22,1570,22],[1569,24,1570,24],[1569,25,1570,25],[1569,26,1570,26],[1571,22,1572,22],[1571,24,1572,24],[1571,25,1572,25],[1571,26,1572,26],[1573,22,1574,22],[1573,24,1574,24],[1573,25,1574,25],[1573,26,1574,26],[1575,22,1576,22],[1575,24,1576,24],[1575,25,1576,25],[1575,26,1576,26],[1577,22,1578,22],[1577,24,1578,24],[1577,25,1578,25],[1577,26,1578,26],[1579,22,1580,22],[1579,24,1580,24],[1579,25,1580,25],[1579,26,1580,26],[1581,22,1582,22],[1581,24,1582,24],[1581,25,1582,25],[1581,26,1582,26],[1611,10,1612,10],[1611,11,1612,11],[1611,12,1612,12],[1611,13,1612,13],[1611,14,1612,14],[1611,15,1612,15],[1611,16,1612,16],[1611,17,1612,17],[1611,18,1612,18],[1611,19,1612,19],[1611,20,1612,20],[1611,21,1612,21],[1613,0,1614,0],[1613,1,1614,1],[1613,2,1614,2],[1613,3,1614,3],[1613,4,1614,4],[1613,5,1614,5],[1613,6,1614,6],[1613,7,1614,7],[1613,8,1614,8],[1613,9,1614,9],[1613,10,1614,10],[1613,11,1614,11],[1613,12,1614,12],[1613,13,1614,13],[1613,14,1614,14],[1613,15,1614,15],[1613,16,1614,16],[1613,17,1614,17],[1613,18,1614,18],[1613,19,1614,19],[1613,20,1614,20],[1613,21,1614,21],[1607,0,1608,0],[1607,1,1608,1],[1607,2,1608,2],[1607,3,1608,3],[1607,4,1608,4],[1607,5,1608,5],[1607,6,1608,6],[1607,7,1608,7],[1607,8,1608,8],[1607,9,1608,9],[1607,10,1608,10],[1607,11,1608,11],[1607,12,1608,12],[1607,13,1608,13],[1607,14,1608,14],[1607,15,1608,15],[1607,16,1608,16],[1607,17,1608,17],[1607,18,1608,18],[1607,19,1608,19],[1607,20,1608,20],[1607,21,1608,21],[1609,0,1610,0],[1609,1,1610,1],[1609,2,1610,2],[1609,3,1610,3],[1609,4,1610,4],[1609,5,1610,5],[1609,6,1610,6],[1609,7,1610,7],[1609,8,1610,8],[1609,9,1610,9],[1609,10,1610,10],[1609,11,1610,11],[1609,12,1610,12],[1609,13,1610,13],[1609,14,1610,14],[1609,15,1610,15],[1609,16,1610,16],[1609,17,1610,17],[1609,18,1610,18],[1609,19,1610,19],[1609,20,1610,20],[1609,21,1610,21],[1603,0,1604,0],[1603,1,1604,1],[1603,2,1604,2],[1603,3,1604,3],[1603,4,1604,4],[1603,5,1604,5],[1603,6,1604,6],[1603,7,1604,7],[1603,8,1604,8],[1603,9,1604,9],[1603,10,1604,10],[1603,11,1604,11],[1603,12,1604,12],[1603,13,1604,13],[1603,14,1604,14],[1603,15,1604,15],[1603,16,1604,16],[1603,17,1604,17],[1603,18,1604,18],[1603,19,1604,19],[1603,20,1604,20],[1603,21,1604,21],[1605,0,1606,0],[1605,1,1606,1],[1605,2,1606,2],[1605,3,1606,3],[1605,4,1606,4],[1605,5,1606,5],[1605,6,1606,6],[1605,7,1606,7],[1605,8,1606,8],[1605,9,1606,9],[1605,10,1606,10],[1605,11,1606,11],[1605,12,1606,12],[1605,13,1606,13],[1605,14,1606,14],[1605,15,1606,15],[1605,16,1606,16],[1605,17,1606,17],[1605,18,1606,18],[1605,19,1606,19],[1605,20,1606,20],[1605,21,1606,21],[1599,0,1600,0],[1599,1,1600,1],[1599,2,1600,2],[1599,3,1600,3],[1599,4,1600,4],[1599,5,1600,5],[1599,6,1600,6],[1599,7,1600,7],[1599,8,1600,8],[1599,9,1600,9],[1599,10,1600,10],[1599,11,1600,11],[1599,12,1600,12],[1599,13,1600,13],[1599,14,1600,14],[1599,15,1600,15],[1599,16,1600,16],[1599,17,1600,17],[1599,18,1600,18],[1599,19,1600,19],[1599,20,1600,20],[1599,21,1600,21],[1601,0,1602,0],[1601,1,1602,1],[1601,2,1602,2],[1601,3,1602,3],[1601,4,1602,4],[1601,5,1602,5],[1601,6,1602,6],[1601,7,1602,7],[1601,8,1602,8],[1601,9,1602,9],[1601,10,1602,10],[1601,11,1602,11]],"merged_total":23218,"flags":["merged_cut"]}
["Table S1. Metallic Cu",{"$nulls":23},"Calculations"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Chitosan","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Chitosan/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.53 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",94,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U7,2))","v":94},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R7=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I7=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K7=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H7),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H7),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H7),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H7),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R7=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U7,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y7:Y118,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$7:$Y$118"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm), on a GDL with custom MPL, hotpressed onto a Nafion membrane","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",93,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, A. Irabien, Tailoring gas-phase CO2 electroreduction selectivity to hydrocarbons at Cu nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 29, 014001 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U9,2))","v":93},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R9=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I9=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K9=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H9),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H9),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H9),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H9),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H9),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R9=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U9,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-710\nmA/cm2",80,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U11,2))","v":80},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R11=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I11=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K11=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H11),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H11),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H11),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H11),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H11),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R11=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U11,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":49}]
[]
["CO2RR pre-activated defective Cu NWs, on glassy carbon (tested in semi-pulsed electrolysis mode)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defect/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil",25,1,"CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",77,"C. Choi et al., Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Nature Catalysis 3, 804-812 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U13,2))","v":77},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R13=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I13=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K13=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H13),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H13),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H13),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H13),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H13),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R13=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U13,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":56}]
["Right bipyramidal {100}-rich Cu NPs with stacking faults, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bipyramidal/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",67,"Z. Li et al., Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 19932-19939 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U15,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R15=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I15=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K15=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H15),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H15),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H15),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H15),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H15),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R15=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U15,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Metallic Cu NPs mixed with PTFE, dropcast on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti sheet","?","?","CO","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",67,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U17,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R17=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I17=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K17=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H17),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H17),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H17),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H17),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H17),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R17=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U17,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":15}]
[]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U19,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R19=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I19=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K19=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H19),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H19),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H19),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H19),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H19),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R19=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U19,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":18}]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U21,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R21=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I21=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K21=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H21),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H21),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H21),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H21),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H21),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R21=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U21,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","? (X37–50 Grade 60)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-37\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U23,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R23=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I23=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K23=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H23),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H23),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H23),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H23),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H23),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R23=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U23,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":21}]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U25,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R25=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I25=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K25=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H25),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H25),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H25),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H25),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H25),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R25=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U25,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC8),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":11}]
["Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Copper Nanocubes for CO2 Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Nano Letters 19, 8461-8468 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U27,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R27=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I27=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K27=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H27),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H27),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H27),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H27),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H27),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R27=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U27,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[{"$nulls":28},"Summary of footnotes"]
["Metallic Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",60,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U29,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R29=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I29=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K29=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H29),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H29),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H29),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H29),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H29),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R29=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U29,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.col_range, A1:A2500, _xlpm.truth_table, ISNUMBER(FIND(\"†\",_xlpm.col_range)),_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.col_range,_xlpm.truth_table))","v":"†_metallic,1We report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 49 % as opposed to 50 %)"}]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_oxidic,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 42 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",59,"W. Ren, A. Xu, K. Chan, X. Hu, A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202214173 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U31,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R31=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I31=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K31=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H31),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H31),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H31),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H31),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H31),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R31=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U31,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_oxidic,2Derived from FE(C2H4) and j(C2H4) as opposed to the reported LSV"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_oxidic,3SI table states 0.1 M KHCO3 without KBr, but text states with KBr"]
["Cu NWs after 15 h synthesis, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-123\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Zhang et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Over a Wide Potential Window by Copper Nanowires with High Density of Defects. Inorganic Chemistry 61, 20666-20673 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U33,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R33=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I33=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K33=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H33),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H33),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H33),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H33),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H33),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R33=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U33,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_oxidic,4Disagreement between numbers in main text and SI, report here number provided in main text"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_oxidic,5Highly unstable signal due to continuous in-situ electrodeposition of Cu"]
["Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-134\nmA/cm2",58,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U35,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R35=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I35=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K35=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H35),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H35),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H35),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H35),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H35),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R35=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U35,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_oxidic,6Text denotes specifically that \"L-ascorbic acid sodium\" is used, although not mentioned in SI table"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_oxidic,7Text denotes \"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\", but SI table says electrolyte is 1.0 M KOH"]
["Cu nanorods (control sample), on GDL (poorly described synthesis, inaccurate reference)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_nanorod","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",57,"H. Huo, J. Wang, Q. Fan, Y. Hu, J. Yang, Cu-MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2102447 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U37,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R37=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I37=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K37=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H37),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H37),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H37),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H37),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H37),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R37=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U37,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_oxidic,8Reported total FE is unreasonably high: 106.6%"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-Al,1Main text states 79.4, SI states 82.4. Report here main text value"]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U39,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R39=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I39=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K39=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H39),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H39),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H39),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H39),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H39),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R39=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U39,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_Cu-Pd,1Report the value given in main text, as opposed to SI table (45 vs. 44%)"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-Ni,1Main text states 57.3, SI states 57.8. Rounded down to 57"]
["Commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-934\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U41,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R41=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I41=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K41=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H41),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H41),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H41),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H41),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H41),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R41=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U41,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_Cu-Ag,1Used current density and FE described in text to calculate total current, as opposed to figure (ca. 85 mA/cm2 vs. ca. 110 mA/cm2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-Ce,1Conflicting information (main text vs. figure) in document, report here number given in main text"]
["1000 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(BPM [rev])","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-4.23 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-250\nmA/cm2",56,"C. A. Obasanjo et al., In situ regeneration of copper catalysts for long-term electrochemical CO2 reduction to multiple carbon products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20059-20070 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U43,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R43=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I43=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K43=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H43),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H43),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H43),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H43),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H43),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R43=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U43,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_Cu-Ce,2Text and figure information does not match, report here the numbers provided in the text"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)"]
["Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U45,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R45=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I45=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K45=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H45),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H45),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H45),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H45),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H45),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R45=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U45,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5"]
[{"$nulls":28},"Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1"]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",55,"H. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Raciti, A. S. Hall, Promoting Cu-catalysed CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products by tuning the activity of H2O. Nature Catalysis 6, 807-817 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U47,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R47=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I47=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K47=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H47),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H47),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H47),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H47),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H47),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R47=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U47,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["In-house metallic Cu NPs, on mesoporous carbon/PTFE-modified carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",53,"R. Chen et al., Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie 132, 160-166 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U49,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R49=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I49=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K49=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H49),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H49),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H49),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H49),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H49),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R49=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U49,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["Cu layer sporting 50-80 nm Cu NPs, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-247\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U51,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R51=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I51=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K51=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H51),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H51),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H51),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H51),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H51),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R51=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U51,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text"]
["Commercial Cu NPs (60-80 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-70nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U53,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R53=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I53=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K53=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H53),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H53),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H53),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H53),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H53),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R53=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U53,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal"]
["{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.80 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U55,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R55=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I55=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K55=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H55),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H55),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H55),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H55),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H55),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R55=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U55,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)"]
["Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(911) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(911)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",18,"?","CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J Mol Catal A: Chem 199, 39-47 (2003).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U57,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R57=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I57=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K57=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H57),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H57),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H57),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H57),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H57),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R57=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U57,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-multi_element,1Used value from LSV, rather than text value"]
[{"$nulls":28},"†_Cu-multi_element,2Indeed 2 °C, not a typo"]
["Star decahedron-shaped 30 nm Cu NPs, on glassy carbon RDE","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Star/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Choi et al., A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials. Advanced Materials 31, 1805405 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U59,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R59=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I59=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K59=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H59),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H59),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H59),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H59),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H59),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R59=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U59,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 56 % as opposed to 69 %)"]
[]
["275 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on e-PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ePTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-214\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Corral et al., Advanced manufacturing for electrosynthesis of fuels and chemicals from CO2. Energy & Environmental Science 14, 3064-3074 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U61,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R61=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I61=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K61=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H61),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H61),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H61),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H61),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H61),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R61=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U61,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["EDTA-assisted electrodeposited hollow porous copper microspheres, on  carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Liu et al., Controlled Synthesis of EDTA-Modified Porous Hollow Copper Microspheres for High-Efficiency Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Products. Nano Letters 20, 4823-4828 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U63,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R63=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I63=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K63=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H63),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H63),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H63),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H63),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H63),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R63=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U63,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL (6-cell stack)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-56\nmA/cm2",50,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U65,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R65=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I65=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K65=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H65),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H65),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H65),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H65),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H65),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R65=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U65,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mechanically polished and electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion CMV","(CEM)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2","49†_metallic,1","Y. Huang, C. W. Ong, B. S. Yeo, Effects of Electrolyte Anions on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper (100) and (111) Surfaces. ChemSusChem 11, 3299-3306 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U67,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R67=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I67=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K67=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H67),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H67),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H67),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H67),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H67),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R67=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U67,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",19,"?","CO2","-1.40 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Hori, A. Murata, R. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, Enhanced formation of ethylene and alcohols at ambient temperature and pressure in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 17-19 (1988).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U69,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R69=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I69=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K69=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H69),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H69),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H69),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H69),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H69),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R69=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U69,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",18.5,1,"CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"M. Akira, H. Yoshio, Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, 123-127 (1991).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U71,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R71=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I71=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K71=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H71),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H71),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H71),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H71),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H71),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R71=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U71,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial metallic Cu NWs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-92\nmA/cm2",48,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U73,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R73=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I73=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K73=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H73),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H73),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H73),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H73),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H73),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R73=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U73,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu sputtered on PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.2 V\nvs. ANODE","-25\nmA/cm2",48,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U75,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R75=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I75=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K75=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H75),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H75),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H75),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H75),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H75),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R75=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U75,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich), on carbon paper GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","LSC-D520 (Dupont, D-520 = Nafion)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2-coated Ti foam",50,"? 1","CO2","-3.69 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",48,"Sun, J. et al. Rational catalyst layer design enables tailored transport channels for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction to multi-carbon products. Energy Environ Sci, doi:10.1039/D4EE03743J (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U77,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R77=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I77=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K77=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H77),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H77),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H77),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H77),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H77),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R77=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U77,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n+ stirring","FKB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","DSA",65,1,"CO","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",47,"M. P. Schellekens, S. J. Raaijman, M. T. M. Koper, P. J. Corbett, Temperature-dependent selectivity for CO electroreduction on copper-based gas-diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Chemical Engineering Journal 483, 149105 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U79,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R79=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I79=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K79=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H79),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H79),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H79),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H79),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H79),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R79=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U79,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial 50 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs-50nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (CO atmosphere)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","∆p gas/liquid = +20 mbar","CO","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"N. S. Romero Cuellar et al., Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. Journal of CO2 Utilization 36, 263-275 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U81,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R81=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I81=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K81=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H81),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H81),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H81),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H81),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H81),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R81=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U81,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-93\nmA/cm2",46,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U83,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R83=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I83=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K83=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H83),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H83),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H83),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H83),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H83),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R83=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U83,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",45,"R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, The role of in situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(i) species in C2+ product selectivity during CO2 pulsed electroreduction. Nature Energy 5, 317-325 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U85,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R85=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I85=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K85=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H85),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H85),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H85),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H85),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H85),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R85=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U85,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu overlayer sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO2","-1.61 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 977-985 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U87,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R87=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I87=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K87=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H87),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H87),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H87),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H87),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H87),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R87=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U87,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Magnetron sputtered Cu layer on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 2470-2478 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U89,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R89=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I89=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K89=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H89),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H89),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H89),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H89),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H89),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R89=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U89,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO","?","-30\nmA/cm2",44,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U91,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R91=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I91=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K91=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H91),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H91),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H91),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H91),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H91),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R91=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U91,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,"T. Zhang et al., The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO2/CO Reduction. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, 104506 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U93,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R93=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I93=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K93=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H93),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H93),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H93),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H93),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H93),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R93=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U93,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Metallic Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_overlayer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",43,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U95,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R95=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I95=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K95=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H95),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H95),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H95),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H95),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H95),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R95=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U95,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U97,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R97=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I97=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K97=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H97),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H97),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H97),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H97),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H97),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R97=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U97,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["In-house Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-818\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U99,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R99=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I99=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K99=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H99),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H99),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H99),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H99),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H99),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R99=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U99,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",42,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U101,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R101=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I101=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K101=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H101),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H101),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H101),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H101),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H101),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R101=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U101,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["44 nm Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","44nm/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",41,"A. Loiudice et al., Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 5789-5792 (2016).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U103,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R103=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I103=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K103=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H103),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H103),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H103),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H103),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H103),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R103=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U103,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Magnetron sputtered Cu layer (100 nm) on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.1000000000000001,"CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"M. Sassenburg et al., Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 5983-5994 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U105,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R105=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I105=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K105=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H105),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H105),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H105),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H105),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H105),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R105=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U105,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu(100) crystal prepared via PVD of Cu on Si(100) crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)-PVD","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",39,"C. Hahn et al., Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 5918-5923 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U107,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R107=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I107=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K107=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H107),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H107),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H107),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H107),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H107),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R107=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U107,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",38,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U109,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R109=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I109=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K109=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H109),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H109),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H109),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H109),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H109),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R109=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U109,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electrochemically polished Cu foil","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Echem-polish/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-1.4\nmA/cm2",38,"Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal 8, 7445-7454, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01200 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U111,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R111=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I111=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K111=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H111),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H111),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H111),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H111),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H111),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R111=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U111,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Well-defined porous copper layer with controlled pore size (30 nm), depth (40 nm) and interspacing, on stainless steel","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mesoporous/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",37,"K. D. Yang et al., Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angewandte Chemie 129, 814-818 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U113,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R113=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I113=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K113=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H113),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H113),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H113),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H113),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H113),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R113=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U113,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu layer magnetron-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-222\nmA/cm2",37,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U115,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R115=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I115=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K115=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H115),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H115),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H115),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H115),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H115),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R115=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U115,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO","-0.43 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",29,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U117,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R117=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I117=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K117=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H117),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H117),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H117),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H117),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H117),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R117=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U117,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_metallic,1We report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 49 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
[]
["Table S2. Oxide-derived Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-368\nmA/cm2",86,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U127,2))","v":86},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R127=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I127=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K127=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H127),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H127),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H127),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H127),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H127),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R127=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U127,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y127:Y440,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$127:$Y$440"}]
["Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",85,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U129,2))","v":85},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R129=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I129=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K129=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H129),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H129),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H129),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H129),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H129),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R129=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["KOH anodization-derived CuO nanoplate on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanoplate arrays","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2@Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.81 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",84,"W. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays. Nature Communications 13, 1877 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U131,2))","v":84},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R131=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I131=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K131=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H131),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H131),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H131),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H131),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H131),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R131=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":134}]
[]
["Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defective CuO NSs-1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",83,"B. Zhang et al., Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 13606-13613 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U133,2))","v":83},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R133=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I133=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K133=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H133),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H133),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H133),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H133),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H133),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R133=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":157}]
["Pre-reduced, CuO-derived Cu quantum dots (5 nm), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_quantum-dots","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",82,"Wang, Y. et al. Enhanced Local CO Coverage on Cu Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2417764, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417764.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U135,2))","v":82},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R135=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I135=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K135=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H135),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H135),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H135),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H135),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H135),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R135=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",78,"H. P. Duong et al., Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 12, 10285-10293 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U137,2))","v":78},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R137=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I137=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K137=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H137),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H137),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H137),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H137),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H137),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R137=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":60}]
[]
["Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","-","(n/a)","FBAPK-13","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt",25,1,"CO2","-1.75 V\nvs. ANODE","-113\nmA/cm2",78,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U139,2))","v":78},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R139=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I139=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K139=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H139),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H139),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H139),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H139),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H139),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R139=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":23}]
["Porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U141,2))","v":76},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R141=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I141=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K141=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H141),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H141),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H141),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H141),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H141),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R141=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-144\nmA/cm2",75,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U143,2))","v":75},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R143=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I143=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K143=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H143),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H143),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H143),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H143),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H143),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R143=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":83}]
[]
["Star shaped {322}-rich Cu2O large NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{322}-rich Cu2O particles","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",74,"H. Luo, B. Li, J.-G. Ma, P. Cheng, Surface Modification of Nano-Cu2O for Controlling CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Ethylene and Syngas. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202116736 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U145,2))","v":74},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R145=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I145=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K145=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H145),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H145),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H145),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H145),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H145),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R145=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC128),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":37}]
["N-doped CuOx NPs derived from calcination of Cu(OH)3NO3 precursor at 350 °C, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep-FAA-\n3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-962†_oxidic,2\nmA/cm2",73,"H. Tao, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Min, Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2991-2996 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U147,2))","v":73},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R147=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I147=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K147=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H147),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H147),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H147),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H147),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H147),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R147=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["{220}-facet rich CuI nanodots (5.3 nm) prepared via in-situ reduction of (Cu(OH)2) NPs on carbon paper GDL in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuI_nanodot","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK -130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",72,"W. Xue et al., Operando reconstruction towards stable CuI nanodots with favorable facets for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Science China Chemistry 66, 1834-1843 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U149,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R149=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I149=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K149=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H149),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H149),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H149),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H149),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H149),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R149=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",71,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U151,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R151=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I151=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K151=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H151),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H151),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H151),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H151),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H151),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R151=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-207\nmA/cm2",71,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U153,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R153=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I153=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K153=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H153),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H153),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H153),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H153),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H153),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R153=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-312\nmA/cm2",71,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U155,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R155=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I155=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K155=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H155),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H155),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H155),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H155),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H155),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R155=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U157,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R157=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I157=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K157=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H157),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H157),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H157),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H157),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H157),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R157=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.45 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",70,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U159,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R159=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I159=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K159=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H159),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H159),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H159),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H159),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H159),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R159=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Iodine-doped copper oxychloride NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOCl","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",20,"?","CO2","-1.71 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Bai et al., Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction. Science Bulletin 66, 62-68 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U161,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R161=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I161=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K161=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H161),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H161),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H161),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H161),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H161),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R161=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Wet-chemical induced (NaOH / (NH4)2S2O8) high roughness nanoporous CuOx layer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Chemical/CuOx_porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.1 M L-ascorbate†_oxidic,6","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,40,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",70,"W. Yang et al., Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 85, 102-107 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U163,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R163=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I163=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K163=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H163),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H163),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H163),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H163),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H163),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R163=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V\nvs. RHE","-63\nmA/cm2",70,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U165,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R165=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I165=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K165=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H165),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H165),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H165),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H165),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H165),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R165=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["80-100 nm Cu2−xS NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, S","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","90nm-Cu2Sx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate (?)","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",69,"C. He et al., Cu2−xS derived copper nanoparticles: A platform for unraveling the role of surface reconstruction in efficient electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Nano Research 16, 4494-4498 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U167,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R167=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I167=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K167=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H167),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H167),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H167),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H167),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H167),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R167=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu nanoneedles electrodeposited on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + x mM HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",69,"X. Zi et al., Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202309351.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U169,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R169=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I169=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K169=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H169),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H169),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H169),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H169),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H169),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R169=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Branched/'spikey' CuO NPs derived from NH3-treated Cu2O NCs supported on Ketjen black, on on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Branched_CuO_NPs-NH3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",68,"J. Kim et al., Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 6986-6994 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U171,2))","v":68},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R171=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I171=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K171=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H171),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H171),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H171),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H171),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H171),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R171=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-59 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/SS","?","?","CO","-3.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-100\nmA/cm2",68,"N.-H. Tran et al., Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 and CO Reduction via Engineering Membrane Electrode Assembly with Porous Dendritic Copper Oxide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 31933-31941 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U173,2))","v":68},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R173=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I173=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K173=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H173),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H173),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H173),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H173),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H173),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R173=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO","-0.56 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",68,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U175,2))","v":68},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R175=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I175=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K175=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H175),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H175),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H175),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H175),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H175),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R175=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Cu3(PO4)2-derived Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2 NS-derived Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.48 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",67,"B. Zhang et al., Steering CO2 electroreduction toward methane or ethylene production. Nano Energy 88, 106239 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U177,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R177=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I177=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K177=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H177),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H177),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H177),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H177),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H177),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R177=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",67,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U179,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R179=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I179=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K179=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H179),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H179),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H179),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H179),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H179),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R179=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["{111}-facet rich octahedral Cu2O NPs supported on hydroxl-rich acetylene black carbon, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","OH-C/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",67,"Y. Gao et al., Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite. Small 18, 2105212 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U181,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R181=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I181=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K181=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H181),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H181),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H181),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H181),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H181),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R181=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electroplated (1 C/cm2) Cu2O from lactic-acid containing bath, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lactate/Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-183\nmA/cm2",67,"D. Anastasiadou, M. Schellekens, M. de Heer, S. Verma, E. Negro, Electrodeposited Cu2O Films on Gas Diffusion Layers for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 6, 3928-3932 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U183,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R183=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I183=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K183=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H183),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H183),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H183),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H183),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H183),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R183=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U185,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R185=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I185=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K185=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H185),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H185),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H185),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H185),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H185),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R185=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu3N-derived Cu NWs, on copper foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/Cu NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",66,"Y. Mi et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2 Products over Cu3N-Derived Cu Nanowires. ChemElectroChem 6, 2393-2397 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U187,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R187=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I187=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K187=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H187),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H187),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H187),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H187),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H187),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R187=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuOx NPs electrodeposited in the presence of CTAB, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CTAB/plate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Platinized Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",66,"A. Stalinraja, K. Gopalram, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products—effect of surfactant on copper electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U189,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R189=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I189=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K189=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H189),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H189),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H189),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H189),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H189),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R189=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ reduced porous CuOx NPs derived from hydrothermal synthesis with tetrapropylammonium, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-536\nmA/cm2",66,"Jiao, J. et al. Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202409563, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409563 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U191,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R191=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I191=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K191=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H191),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H191),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H191),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H191),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H191),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R191=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U191,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[]
["Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","2.5 M KOH","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",65,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U193,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R193=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I193=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K193=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H193),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H193),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H193),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H193),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H193),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R193=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Non-swelling anion exchange ionomer (AEI)-modified electroreduced CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","AEI: Xenergy Pention D 18, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanosheets with AEI binder","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.78 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",65,"Y. Zhao et al., Industrial-Current-Density CO2-to-C2+ Electroreduction by Anti-swelling Anion-Exchange Ionomer-Modified Oxide-Derived Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 10446-10454 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U195,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R195=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I195=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K195=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H195),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H195),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H195),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H195),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H195),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R195=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U197,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R197=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I197=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K197=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H197),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H197),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H197),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H197),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H197),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R197=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuOx NP nanospheres, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx nanospheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",65,"J. Li et al., Constraining CO coverage on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nature Catalysis 2, 1124-1131 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U199,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R199=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I199=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K199=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H199),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H199),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H199),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H199),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H199),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R199=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Anodization-dirived Cu2O NWs on Cu-sputtered FTO glass","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",65,"A. H. Shah et al., New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction over oxide-derived copper. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, 2046-2053 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U201,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R201=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I201=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K201=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H201),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H201),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H201),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H201),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H201),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R201=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu NCs on hollow tubular novelty GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tubular/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.7,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-740\nmA/cm2",65,"H. Rabiee et al., Tuning flow-through cu-based hollow fiber gas-diffusion electrode for high-efficiency carbon monoxide (CO) electroreduction to C2+products. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 330, 122589 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U203,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R203=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I203=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K203=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H203),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H203),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H203),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H203),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H203),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R203=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Cu2P2O7 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2P2O7_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",64,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U205,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R205=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I205=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K205=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H205),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H205),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H205),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H205),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H205),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R205=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Partially reduced, thermally annealed/oxidized electroplated Cu nanodendrites, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-Vo-dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V (no iR)\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",63,"Z. Gu et al., Oxygen Vacancy Tuning toward Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U207,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R207=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I207=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K207=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H207),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H207),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H207),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H207),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H207),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R207=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Ultrasonic-assisted defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.52 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",63,"J. Zhang et al., Grain Boundary-Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 9, 2200454 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U209,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R209=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I209=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K209=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H209),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H209),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H209),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H209),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H209),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R209=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ formed Cu NPs supported on CuO nanosheets, on hydrophobic carbon cloth","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C_cloth/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"from Fumasep\"","(CEM)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Home-made DSA","?","?","CO2","-2.82 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",63,"C. Kang et al., Acidic chloride electrolyte mediates the high conversion ratio of CO2-to-C2H4 and direct production of Cl2. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 8, 1730-1739 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U211,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R211=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I211=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K211=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H211),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H211),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H211),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H211),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H211),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R211=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ reconstruction-driven (2D) defective CuO NWs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-324\nmA/cm2",62,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U213,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R213=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I213=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K213=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H213),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H213),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H213),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H213),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H213),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R213=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ reconstructed defective CuO NWs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-524\nmA/cm2",62,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U215,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R215=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I215=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K215=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H215),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H215),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H215),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H215),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H215),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R215=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",61,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U217,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R217=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I217=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K217=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H217),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H217),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H217),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H217),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H217),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R217=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Metal–organic polyhedra-derived hollow CuOx NP based spheres","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow CuOx spheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-143\nmA/cm2",61,"R.-X. Yang et al., Self-Assembly of Hydroxyl Metal–Organic Polyhedra and Polymer into Cu-Based Hollow Spheres for Product-Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Small Structures 2, 2100012 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U219,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R219=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I219=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K219=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H219),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H219),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H219),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H219),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H219),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R219=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu3N NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",61,"H. Wang et al., Cu3N nanoparticles with both (100) and (111) facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 12523-12529 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U221,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R221=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I221=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K221=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H221),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H221),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H221),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H221),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H221),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R221=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech, FAA-3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-1000\nmA/cm2",61,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U223,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R223=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I223=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K223=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H223),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H223),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H223),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H223),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H223),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R223=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Hollow Cu2O NPs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",61,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U225,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R225=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I225=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K225=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H225),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H225),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H225),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H225),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H225),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R225=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["O2 plasma-treated (2 min, 20 W) Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",60,"H. Mistry et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nature Communications 7, 12123 (2016).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U227,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R227=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I227=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K227=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H227),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H227),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H227),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H227),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H227),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R227=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu3N NCs_20nm supported on Ketjen Carbon, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, C","Polyvinylidene\nfluoride (PVDF)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NCs_25nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Yin et al., Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Nano Letters 19, 8658-8663 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U229,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R229=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I229=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K229=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H229),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H229),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H229),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H229),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H229),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R229=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Hybrid material composed of graphene oxide nanodots on CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GO-nanodot/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA–PK–130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",60,"R. Du et al., Cu-C(O) Interfaces Deliver Remarkable Selectivity and Stability for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products at Industrial Current Density of 500 mA cm−2. Small 19, 2301289 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U231,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R231=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I231=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K231=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H231),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H231),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H231),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H231),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H231),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R231=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Nitridized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",60,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U233,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R233=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I233=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K233=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H233),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H233),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H233),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H233),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H233),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R233=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U235,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R235=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I235=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K235=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H235),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H235),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H235),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H235),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H235),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R235=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2(OH)2CO3 NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2(OH)2CO3_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Gao et al., Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Advanced Science n/a, 2308949.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U237,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R237=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I237=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K237=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H237),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H237),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H237),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H237),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H237),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R237=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Plasma-fluorinated Cu sputter-deposited on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.57 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, H. Xie, L. Wen, Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Copper via Plasma Fluorination. Advanced Science n/a, 2309963.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U239,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R239=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I239=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K239=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H239),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H239),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H239),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H239),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H239),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R239=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Truncated octahedral Cu2O NPs having both {100} and {111} exposed facets supported on Carbon Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{100}/{111}-rich Cu2O NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Gao et al., Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 7, 1902820 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U241,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R241=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I241=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K241=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H241),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H241),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H241),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H241),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H241),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R241=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["{100}-rich sputtered Cu in presence of gaseous O2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}-rich CuOx-film","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Activated Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.75 V\nvs. RHE","-122\nmA/cm2",59,"G. Zhang et al., Efficient CO2 electroreduction on facet-selective copper films with high conversion rate. Nature Communications 12, 5745 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U243,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R243=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I243=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K243=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H243),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H243),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H243),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H243),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H243),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R243=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Multi-shelled (\"4.4\") Cu2O spheres, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Shelled/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Xiao et al., Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2302556 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U245,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R245=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I245=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K245=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H245),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H245),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H245),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H245),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H245),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R245=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu-metal/CuOx co-catalyst NPs with intimate interfacial contact, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Carbon bot\" (= rod?)","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",59,"Liu, H. et al. Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404123, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404123 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U247,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R247=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I247=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K247=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H247),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H247),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H247),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H247),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H247),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R247=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electroreduced KOH-derived Cu(OH)2 nanorods on Cu-sputtered carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2-derived Cu-CP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe-LDH/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",58,"D. Zhong et al., Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 4879-4885 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U249,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R249=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I249=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K249=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H249),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H249),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H249),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H249),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H249),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R249=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Porous/partially hollow core/shell Cu2O microparticles,  on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Core/shell_Cu2O-micro","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-260\nmA/cm2",58,"J. Lu et al., Nanoconfinement Effects of Yolk–Shell Cu2O Catalyst for Improved C2+ Selectivity and Cu+ Stability in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 20746-20756 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U251,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R251=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I251=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K251=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H251),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H251),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H251),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H251),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H251),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R251=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["O2-driven oxidized Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O2/CuOx-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",58,"Z. Lyu et al., Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 1909-1915 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U253,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R253=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I253=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K253=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H253),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H253),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H253),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H253),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H253),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R253=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["{111}/{100} grain boundary-rich hexagonal-polyhedral Cu2O MPs (ca. 2 μm), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",58,"Z.-x. Yang et al., Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O. Catalysis Communications 174, 106595 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U255,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R255=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I255=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K255=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H255),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H255),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H255),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H255),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H255),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R255=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U255,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[]
["Crystalline CuO NPs embedded in amorphous\nCuO nanoflakes, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-amorphous/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",58,"D. Zhao et al., Amorphous-Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 15, e202201413 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U257,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R257=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I257=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K257=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H257),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H257),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H257),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H257),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H257),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R257=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2(OH)2CO3 MPs with amorphous layer induced by 15 min microwave treatment, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph/Cu2(OH)2CO3_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt plat\" (= plate?)",25,"?","CO2","-2.0 V\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",58,"Wang, J. et al. Microwave-induced surface amorphization of Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst promotes multi-carbon products selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Science China Chemistry, doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2326-7 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U259,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R259=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I259=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K259=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H259),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H259),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H259),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H259),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H259),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R259=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Water-optimized CO2 feed reduction on Cu2O/Cu co-catalyst NPs derived from Cu2O/CuO precursor, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, quaternary ammonia polysulphone (aQAPS-S14)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","aQAPS-S14/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",58,"He, X. et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds. Nature Communications 15, 9923, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54282-2 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U261,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R261=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I261=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K261=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H261),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H261),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H261),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H261),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H261),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R261=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Fragmented Cu2O NPs of originally 20 nm supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragmented/Cu2O_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",57,"H. Jung et al., Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C–C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 4624-4633 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U263,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R263=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I263=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K263=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H263),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H263),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H263),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H263),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H263),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R263=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu(OH)Cl-derived Cu/Cl, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cl","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",57,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U265,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R265=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I265=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K265=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H265),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H265),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H265),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H265),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H265),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R265=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",57,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U267,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R267=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I267=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K267=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H267),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H267),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H267),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H267),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H267),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R267=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ electroplated CuOx in Br-containing electrolyte, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr + 0.01 M CuSO4 (pH 2.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-170\nmA/cm2","57†_oxidic,5","C. Reller et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1602114-n/a (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U269,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R269=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I269=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K269=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H269),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H269),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H269),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H269),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H269),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R269=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-FOIL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6 V -iR\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-16\nmA/cm2",56,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U271,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R271=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I271=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K271=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H271),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H271),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H271),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H271),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H271),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R271=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Oxygen-assisted plasma induced N-doped CuO NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped CuO NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",56,"D. G. Park et al., Increasing CO Binding Energy and Defects by Preserving Cu Oxidation State via O2-Plasma-Assisted N Doping on CuO Enables High C2+ Selectivity and Long-Term Stability in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 9222-9233 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U273,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R273=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I273=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K273=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H273),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H273),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H273),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H273),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H273),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R273=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U275,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R275=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I275=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K275=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H275),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H275),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H275),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H275),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H275),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R275=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Nitrogen vacancy-rich Cu3Nx NPs prepared via controlled lithiation/delithiation, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Delithiated/Cu3Nx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-375\nmA/cm2",56,"C. Peng et al., Lithiation-Enabled High-Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products. Advanced Materials 33, 2103150 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U277,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R277=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I277=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K277=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H277),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H277),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H277),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H277),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H277),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R277=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuO NSs, on glassy carbon, pre-reduced in halide-containing electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.01 M KBr)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 10 mM KBr†_oxidic,3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",56,"R. Du et al., In Situ Engineering of the Cu+/Cu0 Interface to Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 36527-36535 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U279,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R279=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I279=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K279=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H279),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H279),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H279),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H279),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H279),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R279=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Pre-reduced CuO NSs (\"CISC-24\"), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-753\nmA/cm2",56,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U281,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R281=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I281=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K281=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H281),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H281),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H281),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H281),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H281),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R281=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",55,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U283,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R283=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I283=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K283=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H283),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H283),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H283),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H283),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H283),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R283=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Branched/'spikey' Cu NPs obtained from KOH addition to catalyst ink, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, KOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Branched_Cu_NPs-KOH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","?","CO2","-3.25 V\nvs. ANODE","-281\nmA/cm2",55,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U285,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R285=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I285=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K285=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H285),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H285),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H285),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H285),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H285),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R285=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",55,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U287,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R287=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I287=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K287=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H287),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H287),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H287),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H287),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H287),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R287=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 spherical and porous nanocages, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/Cu(OH)2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/mg",55,"T.-K. Cheng et al., Spherical and porous Cu2O nanocages with Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 Surface: Synthesis and their promising selectivity for catalysing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 660, 159978 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U289,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R289=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I289=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K289=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H289),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H289),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H289),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H289),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H289),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R289=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu(OH)2-derived Cu NPs without additives (?), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Wang et al., Alkyl sulfonate surfactant mediates electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene or ethanol over hydroxide-derived copper catalysts. Chemical Science,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U291,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R291=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I291=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K291=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H291),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H291),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H291),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H291),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H291),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R291=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electrodeposited Cu(100), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Deposit/Cu(100)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.26 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",54,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U293,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R293=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I293=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K293=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H293),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H293),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H293),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H293),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H293),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R293=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U295,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R295=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I295=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K295=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H295),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H295),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H295),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H295),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H295),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R295=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial oxygen-passivated Cu NPs (<100 nm), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-NPs<100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (verify)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",53,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U297,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R297=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I297=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K297=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H297),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H297),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H297),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H297),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H297),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R297=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Mixed valency CuOx/Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Yang, W. Fang, Q. Wang, P. Deng, B. Y. Xia, Optimizing Copper Oxidation State to Promote Ethylene Generation in Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 4677-4682 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U299,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R299=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I299=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K299=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H299),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H299),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H299),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H299),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H299),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R299=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",52,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U301,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R301=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I301=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K301=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H301),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H301),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H301),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H301),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H301),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R301=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",52,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U303,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R303=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I303=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K303=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H303),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H303),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H303),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H303),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H303),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R303=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Lithiated CuOx MPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","? polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Li/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?",1,"CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",52,"Jeong, H. M. et al. Atomic-Scale Spacing between Copper Facets for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Advanced Energy Materials 10, 1903423, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903423 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U305,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R305=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I305=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K305=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H305),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H305),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H305),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H305),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H305),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R305=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pre-reduced CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U307,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R307=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I307=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K307=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H307),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H307),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H307),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H307),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H307),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R307=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Multi-shelled CuO microboxes, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO-microbox","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Tan et al., Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 13, 768-774 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U309,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R309=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I309=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K309=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H309),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H309),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H309),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H309),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H309),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R309=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Li-deficient Li2CuO2 microparticles","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Li2-xCuO2 particles","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 on GDL",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-195\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U311,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R311=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I311=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K311=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H311),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H311),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H311),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H311),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H311),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R311=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Octahedral 500 nm Cu2O particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Octahedral Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,"Y. Wu et al., Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu2O on the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6340-6344 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U313,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R313=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I313=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K313=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H313),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H313),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H313),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H313),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H313),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R313=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Partially thermally reduced electroplated Cu2Ox with NH4Cl-induced high step density, on plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","High step CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",51,"X. Ren, X. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wang, Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 38, 125-131 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U315,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R315=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I315=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K315=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H315),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H315),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H315),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H315),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H315),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R315=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted bromine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Br/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",51,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U317,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R317=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I317=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K317=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H317),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H317),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H317),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H317),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H317),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R317=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Vacancy-rich delithiated Li2-xCuO2 NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Li, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"," Li2-xCuO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy-Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U319,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R319=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I319=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K319=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H319),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H319),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H319),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H319),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H319),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R319=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U319,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Spherical Cu(OH)2 nanorod (250 nm individual diameters) aggregates, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NW-balls","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Li et al., Strong electric field at the sharp tips of Cu(OH)2 nanochrysanthemums for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene. Materials Today Energy 42, 101568 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U321,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R321=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I321=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K321=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H321),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H321),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H321),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H321),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H321),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R321=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL with custom-tailored MPL","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion, Pention-D72 (Xergy)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom_MPL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-Ru/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1360\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Yuan et al., Converting CO2 to multi-carbon products at >1 A/cm2 using gas diffusion electrode based on commercial materials via transfer process engineering. Electrochimica Acta 475, 143662 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U323,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R323=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I323=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K323=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H323),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H323),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H323),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H323),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H323),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R323=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electroplated CuOx catalyst forming highly porous structure during in-situ reduction, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",51,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U325,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R325=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I325=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K325=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H325),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H325),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H325),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H325),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H325),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R325=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu(OH)Br-derived Cu/Br, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Br","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-345\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U327,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R327=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I327=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K327=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H327),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H327),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H327),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H327),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H327),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R327=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Spherical 20 nm CuO NPs with loading of 1.7 mg/cm2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O ","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1.7/CuO_20nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",40,"?","CO2","-1.02 V\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",50,"A. Inoue, T. Harada, S. Nakanishi, K. Kamiya, Ultra-high-rate CO2 reduction reactions to multicarbon products with a current density of 1.7 A cm−2 in neutral electrolytes. EES Catalysis 1, 9-16 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U329,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R329=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I329=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K329=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H329),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H329),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H329),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H329),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H329),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R329=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U331,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R331=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I331=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K331=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H331),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H331),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H331),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H331),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H331),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R331=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U333,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R333=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I333=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K333=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H333),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H333),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H333),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H333),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H333),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R333=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W / 2 min) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",50,"D. Gao, F. Scholten, B. Roldan Cuenya, Improved CO2 Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect. ACS Catal 7, 5112-5120 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U335,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R335=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I335=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K335=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H335),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H335),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H335),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H335),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H335),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R335=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO","-0.60 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U337,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R337=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I337=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K337=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H337),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H337),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H337),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H337),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H337),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R337=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["\"Cu10Cs1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-45\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U339,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R339=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I339=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K339=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H339),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H339),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H339),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H339),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H339),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R339=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Porous iodine-doped (0.02 % I, ICP) CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","I-doped/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",50,"B. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction for high ethylene selectivity using iodine-doped copper oxide catalysts. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 980, 173550 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U341,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R341=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I341=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K341=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H341),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H341),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H341),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H341),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H341),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R341=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemical-assisted carbonate-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","K2CO3/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",49,"D. Gao et al., Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 17047-17053 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U343,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R343=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I343=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K343=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H343),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H343),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H343),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H343),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H343),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R343=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",49,"D. Gao et al., Activity and Selectivity Control in CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products over CuOx Catalysts via Electrolyte Design. ACS Catal 8, 10012-10020 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U345,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R345=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I345=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K345=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H345),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H345),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H345),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H345),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H345),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R345=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O/CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/CuO NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",49,"H. Shi et al., Stabilizing Cu+ Species in Cu2O/CuO Catalyst via Carbon Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310913.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U347,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R347=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I347=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K347=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H347),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H347),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H347),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H347),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H347),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R347=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["N-doped Cu (Cu3N) NCs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",49,"M. Zheng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ with Ampere-Level Current on Heteroatom-Engineered Copper via Tuning *CO Intermediate Coverage. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14936-14944 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U349,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R349=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I349=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K349=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H349),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H349),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H349),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H349),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H349),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R349=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Porous CuO NSs (19.4 nm), on \"PTFE GDL\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","porous/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-430\nmA/cm2",49,"Zhang, J. et al. Steering CO2 electroreduction pathway toward ethanol via surface-bounded hydroxyl species-induced noncovalent interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218987120, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.2218987120 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U351,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R351=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I351=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K351=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H351),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H351),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H351),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H351),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H351),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R351=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U353,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R353=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I353=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K353=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H353),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H353),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H353),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H353),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H353),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R353=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Microwave-assisted additional Cu-induced activity enhanced CuO nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Post-modified CuO NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",47,"J. Jang et al., Facile design of oxide-derived Cu nanosheet electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. EcoMat n/a, e12334 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U355,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R355=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I355=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K355=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H355),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H355),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H355),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H355),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H355),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R355=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05M H2SO4 + 3 M KCl (pH 0.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx @ Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",47,"Z. Ma et al., CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nature Communications 13, 7596 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U357,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R357=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I357=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K357=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H357),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H357),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H357),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H357),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H357),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R357=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["30 nm CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs-30nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-1000\nmA/cm2",47,"W. Ren, W. Ma, X. Hu, Tailored water and hydroxide transport at a quasi-two-phase interface of membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for CO electroreduction. Joule 7, 2349-2360 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U359,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R359=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I359=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K359=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H359),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H359),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H359),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H359),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H359),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R359=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["P-doped CuOx nm-sized spherical agglomerates, on GDL ","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",47,"L. Zhang et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Topics in Catalysis 66, 1527-1538 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U361,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R361=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I361=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K361=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H361),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H361),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H361),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H361),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H361),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R361=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuBaCO3 NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Ba, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.65 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",47,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U363,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R363=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I363=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K363=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H363),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H363),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H363),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H363),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H363),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R363=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["F-doped CuO large NPs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F-doped CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-320\nmA/cm2",46,"X. Yan et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products on fluorine-doped copper. Green Chemistry 24, 1989-1994 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U365,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R365=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I365=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K365=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H365),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H365),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H365),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H365),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H365),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R365=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["15 nm Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15nm-Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Ma et al., One-step electrosynthesis of ethylene and ethanol from CO2 in an alkaline electrolyzer. Journal of Power Sources 301, 219-228 (2016).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U367,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R367=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I367=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K367=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H367),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H367),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H367),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H367),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H367),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R367=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOx MPs electrodeposited on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-601\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Zhang et al., Switching CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity Between C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 6, e12307 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U369,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R369=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I369=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K369=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H369),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H369),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H369),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H369),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H369),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R369=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrathin porous Cu foil chemically converted into Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles, reduced by H2 under slow temperature ramp. Hydrophobic, full-metal GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs_GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + 1.0 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.82 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",46,"M. Sun, J. Cheng, M. Yamauchi, Gas diffusion enhanced electrode with ultrathin superhydrophobic macropore structure for acidic CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications 15, 491 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U371,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R371=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I371=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K371=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H371),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H371),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H371),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H371),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H371),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R371=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["P-doped pulse-electroplated Cu (Cu0.92P0.08) on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",46,"X. Kong et al., Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction. Science China Chemistry 64, 1096-1102 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U373,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R373=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I373=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K373=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H373),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H373),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H373),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H373),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H373),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R373=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Pention D18 (Xergy Co., Ltd.)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","In-house BPM with water splitting catalyst + perforated AEM","Custom","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam","?","?","CO2","-4.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"Wang, J. et al. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404110, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404110 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U375,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R375=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I375=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K375=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H375),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H375),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H375),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H375),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H375),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R375=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["O2 plasma-treated (20 s, 20 W) chloride-derived CuOx NCs, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_NCs-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",45,"D. Gao et al., Plasma-Activated Copper Nanocube Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. ACS Nano 11, 4825-4831 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U377,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R377=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I377=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K377=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H377),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H377),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H377),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H377),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H377),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R377=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemically reduced CuO micropore nanowire-modified Cu foam; oxygen-bearing copper micropore NWs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","OB-CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"W. Zhang et al., Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 11417-11427 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U379,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R379=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I379=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K379=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H379),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H379),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H379),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H379),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H379),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R379=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemically restructured Cu by cycling in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 16 mM KCl as per [insert Robert Sloan ref], on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HCO3/Cl/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,"Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A. T. Bell, J. W. Ager, Optimizing C–C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. J Phys Chem C 121, 14191-14203 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U381,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R381=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I381=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K381=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H381),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H381),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H381),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H381),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H381),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R381=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pre-reduced (CO2RR conditions) CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pre-reduced/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",45,"Z. Xu et al., Dynamic restructuring induced Cu nanoparticles with ideal nanostructure for selective multi-carbon compounds production via carbon dioxide electroreduction. Journal of Catalysis 383, 42-50 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U383,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R383=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I383=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K383=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H383),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H383),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H383),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H383),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H383),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R383=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U383,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Porous Cu2O nanosphere superparticle, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Super/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,"X. Lv et al., Grain refining enables mixed Cu+/Cu0 states for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122272 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U385,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R385=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I385=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K385=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H385),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H385),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H385),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H385),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H385),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R385=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.23 V\nvs. ANODE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U387,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R387=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I387=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K387=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H387),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H387),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H387),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H387),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H387),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R387=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Highly porous CuOx NWs derived from polymer templating strategy (poly(acrylonitrile-blockmethylmethacrylate)), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH†_oxidic,7","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-238\nmA/cm2",45,"Pan, F. et al. Long-Range Confinement-Driven Enrichment of Surface Oxygen-Relevant Species Promotes C−C Electrocoupling in CO2 Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2303118, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303118 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U389,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R389=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I389=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K389=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H389),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H389),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H389),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H389),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H389),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R389=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO NRs, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U391,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R391=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I391=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K391=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H391),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H391),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H391),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H391),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H391),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R391=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Cu2(PO4)(OH) microrods, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2(PO4)(OH)_um rods","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-265\nmA/cm2",44,"Y. Zhang et al., Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods. AIChE Journal n/a, e18233 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U393,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R393=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I393=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K393=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H393),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H393),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H393),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H393),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H393),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R393=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO nanoneedles, on Toray Carbon Paper (TGP-H-60)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Fluorinated ethylene propylene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","FEP/CuO_NNs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-975\nmA/cm2",44,"T. H. M. Pham et al., Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders. Advanced Energy Materials 12, 2103663 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U395,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R395=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I395=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K395=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H395),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H395),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H395),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H395),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H395),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R395=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOX NPs electrodeposited from 0.1 M CuCOOH + 0.1 M KHCO3 + sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate under constant CO2 bubbling, on GDL (?)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Fang et al., Hydrophobic, Ultrastable Cuδ+ for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products at Ampere-Current Levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 11323-11332 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U397,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R397=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I397=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K397=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H397),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H397),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H397),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H397),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H397),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R397=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U397,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mixed Cu-metal/Cu2O MPs with prism-shaped Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2","44†_oxidic,8","Ye, M. et al. Phase engineering of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanospheres for boosting tandem electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 622, 156981, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156981 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U399,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R399=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I399=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K399=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H399),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H399),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H399),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H399),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H399),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R399=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U399,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mixed CuOx MP catalyst containing Cu4O3 phase, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu4O4_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Cs2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir mixed metal oxide/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"N. Martić et al., Paramelaconite-Enriched Copper-Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901228 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U401,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R401=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I401=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K401=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H401),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H401),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H401),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H401),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H401),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R401=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U401,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.26 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",43,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U403,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R403=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I403=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K403=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H403),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H403),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H403),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H403),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H403),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R403=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U403,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Lv et al., Iodine-Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2311236.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U405,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R405=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I405=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K405=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H405),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H405),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H405),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H405),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H405),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R405=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U405,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["In-situ reduced CuOx MPs under CO atmosphere, yielding small Cu NPs (ca. 3 nm) 'supported' on larger Cu MPs (ca. 300 nm) on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-size/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-390\nmA/cm2",43,"Li, J. et al. Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol. Nature Communications 9, 4614, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07032-0 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U407,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R407=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I407=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K407=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H407),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H407),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H407),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H407),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H407),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R407=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U407,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["P-doped electroplated (\"-0.5 V\") Cu layer on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",43,"Han, S. et al. Boosting promote C2 products formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via phosphorus-enhanced proton feeding. Chemical Engineering Journal 479, 147735, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147735 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U409,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R409=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I409=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K409=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H409),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H409),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H409),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H409),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H409),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R409=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U409,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Water-quenced 500 C-warm CuO particles, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Quenched/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,"?","CO2","-0.84 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,1 (50)","C. Yang et al., Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 570, 375-381 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U411,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R411=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I411=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K411=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H411),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H411),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H411),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H411),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H411),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R411=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U411,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO nanosheet-functionalized Cu GDL prepared via thermal evaporation","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.25 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-200\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,4","M. Wang, L. Wan, J. Cheng, J. Luo, Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 14070-14077 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U413,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R413=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I413=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K413=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H413),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H413),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H413),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H413),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H413),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R413=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U413,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Partially oxidized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO","?","-200\nmA/cm2",41,"R. Kurihara et al., Carbon Monoxide Reduction Reaction to Produce Multicarbon Products in Acidic Electrolytes Using Gas Diffusion Electrode Loaded with Copper Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials Interfaces n/a, 2300731 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U415,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R415=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I415=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K415=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H415),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H415),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H415),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H415),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H415),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R415=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U415,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pre-reduced {100}/{111}-interface rich CuOx NPs on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}|{111}/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",41,"Z.-Z. Wu et al., Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 259-269 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U417,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R417=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I417=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K417=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H417),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H417),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H417),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H417),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H417),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R417=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U417,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mixed valency CuOx/Cu aerogel, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Aero/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,"C. Kim et al., Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2102142 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U419,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R419=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I419=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K419=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H419),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H419),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H419),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H419),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H419),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R419=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U419,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Highly defective 150 nm Cu3N-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\n37-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO","-4.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"C. Zhao et al., In Situ Topotactic Transformation of an Interstitial Alloy for CO Electroreduction. Advanced Materials 32, 2002382 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U421,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R421=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I421=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K421=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H421),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H421),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H421),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H421),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H421),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R421=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U421,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["'Highly fragmented' CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragmented/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U423,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R423=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I423=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K423=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H423),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H423),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H423),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H423),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H423),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R423=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U423,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["In-situ reduced, highly porous Cu2P2O7, on custom GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, P, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2P2O7","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ir black coated foam","?","? 95% CO2, 5% N2","CO2","-3.36 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",40,"J. Sang et al., A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202114238 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U425,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R425=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I425=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K425=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H425),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H425),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H425),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H425),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H425),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R425=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U425,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial um-sized CuCl reduced in-situ, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuCl-derived_Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",39,"T. Qin, Y. Qian, F. Zhang, B.-L. Lin, Cloride-derived copper electrode for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chinese Chemical Letters 30, 314-318 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U427,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R427=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I427=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K427=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H427),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H427),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H427),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H427),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H427),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R427=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U427,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["'Fragment' CuOx-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.76 V\nvs. RHE","-59\nmA/cm2",38,"T.-T. Zhuang et al., Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nature Catalysis 1, 946-951 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U429,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R429=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I429=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K429=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H429),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H429),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H429),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H429),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H429),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R429=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U429,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",36,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U431,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R431=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I431=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K431=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H431),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H431),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H431),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H431),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H431),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R431=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U431,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["In-situ electroplated Cu NCs, prepared via oxidative/reductive cycling in Cl- containing solution, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",35,"P. Grosse et al., Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects. Angewandte Chemie 130, 6300-6305 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U433,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R433=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I433=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K433=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H433),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H433),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H433),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H433),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H433),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R433=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U433,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Co-plated P-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","P/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U435,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R435=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I435=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K435=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H435),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H435),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H435),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H435),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H435),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R435=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U435,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electrodeposited Cu, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO","-0.98 V\nvs. RHE","-87\nmA/cm2",33,"Sullivan, I. et al. A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, 16964-16970, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04959 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U437,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R437=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I437=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K437=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H437),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H437),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H437),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H437),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H437),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R437=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U437,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["P-doped Cu NPs (P/Cu of 0.075), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Chen et al., Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cuδ+ sites. Applied Surface Science 544, 148965 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U439,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R439=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I439=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K439=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H439),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H439),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H439),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H439),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H439),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R439=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U439,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_oxidic,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 42 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,2Derived from FE(C2H4) and j(C2H4) as opposed to the reported LSV"]
["†_oxidic,3SI table states 0.1 M KHCO3 without KBr, but text states with KBr"]
["†_oxidic,4Disagreement between numbers in main text and SI, report here number provided in main text"]
["†_oxidic,5Highly unstable signal due to continuous in-situ electrodeposition of Cu"]
["†_oxidic,6Text denotes specifically that \"L-ascorbic acid sodium\" is used, although not mentioned in SI table"]
["†_oxidic,7Text denotes \"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\", but SI table says electrolyte is 1.0 M KOH"]
["†_oxidic,8Reported total FE is unreasonably high: 106.6%"]
[]
["Table S3. Al-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["CNP and graphite layer on top of chemically etched co-sputtered Cu/Al layer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",80,"M. Zhong et al., Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 581, 178-183 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U456,2))","v":80},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R456=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I456=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K456=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H456),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H456),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H456),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R456=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U456,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y456:Y507,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$456:$Y$507"}]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2","79†_Cu-Al,1","S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U458,2))","v":79},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R458=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I458=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K458=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H458),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H458),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H458),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H458),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H458),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R458=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["CuOx nanocubes/rectangles supported on Al2O3 nanosheets having an Al2CuO2 interface layer, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Al2CuO2-interface/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",71,"X. Wang et al., Identifying an Interfacial Stabilizer for Regeneration-Free 300 h Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 22759-22766 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U460,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R460=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I460=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K460=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H460),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H460),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H460),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H460),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H460),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R460=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":22}]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO2","-2.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",70,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U462,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R462=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I462=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K462=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H462),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H462),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H462),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H462),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H462),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R462=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":26}]
["Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on Ta-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O, Ta","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-253\nmA/cm2",61,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U464,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R464=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I464=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K464=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H464),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H464),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H464),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H464),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H464),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R464=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",54,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U466,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R466=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I466=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K466=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H466),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H466),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H466),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H466),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H466),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R466=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":17}]
[]
["Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",54,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U468,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R468=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I468=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K468=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H468),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H468),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H468),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H468),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H468),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R468=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["Al-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuAl-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",51,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U470,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R470=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I470=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K470=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H470),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H470),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H470),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H470),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H470),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R470=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["QAPEEK (anionic ionomer) layer on top of electrochemically leached (-150 mA in KOH) Cu/Al co-sputtered midlayer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","QAPEEK","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","QAPEEK/Al,Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","pure H2O","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-800\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U472,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R472=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I472=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K472=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H472),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H472),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H472),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H472),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H472),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R472=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":5}]
[]
["Electro-reduced KOH-treated Cu/Al LDHs, yielding AlOx decorated Cu NPs, supported on CNPs, on GDL (backside sealed with epoxy)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AlOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-48\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Zhang et al., Surface promotion of copper nanoparticles with alumina clusters derived from layered double hydroxide accelerates CO2 reduction to ethylene in membrane electrode assemblies. Nano Research 16, 4685-4690 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U474,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R474=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I474=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K474=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H474),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H474),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H474),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H474),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H474),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R474=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC457),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
["Hollow Al-doped CuOx spheres obtained via pyrolisis of impregnated Cu-based MOF, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_hollow","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.377 V\nvs. RHE","-626\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, X. et al. Al-doped oxide-derived copper catalyst with stable Cu+ site for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Chemical Engineering Science 299, 120415, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120415 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U476,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R476=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I476=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K476=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H476),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H476),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H476),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H476),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H476),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R476=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Al-doped (1.9 at%, ICP) CuOx nanoflakes derived from calcining Cu MOF,  on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade\nRT","(AEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",49,"J. Jang et al., Distinct reconstruction of aluminum-doped oxide-derived copper enhances the selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 19066-19073 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U478,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R478=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I478=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K478=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H478),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H478),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H478),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H478),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H478),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R478=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U480,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R480=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I480=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K480=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H480),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H480),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H480),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H480),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H480),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R480=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U482,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R482=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I482=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K482=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H482),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H482),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H482),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H482),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H482),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R482=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Al-doped Cu2O  microparticles, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",45,"S. Li, X. Sha, X. Gao, J. Peng, Al-Doped Octahedral Cu2O Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Produce Ethylene. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 12680 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U484,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R484=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I484=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K484=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H484),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H484),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H484),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H484),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H484),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R484=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Semi-porous Cu3Al-derived wires, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Al_wires","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U486,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R486=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I486=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K486=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H486),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H486),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H486),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H486),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H486),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R486=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu100Al7.88-OD nanosheets (number representing wt%), consisting of CuOx phases and amorphous Al2O3 phase mixed homogeneously, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.68 V\nvs. RHE","-693\nmA/cm2",44,"H. Cheng et al., Stabilization of Cu+ sites by amorphous Al2O3 to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Green Chemistry,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U488,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R488=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I488=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K488=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H488),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H488),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H488),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H488),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H488),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R488=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Al-doped Cu-based layered double hydroxide (LDH), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Wang, X. et al. Stabilizing Cu+ species by Al-doping with enhanced *CO coverage for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07386J (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U490,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R490=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I490=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K490=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H490),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H490),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H490),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H490),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H490),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R490=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Al-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",42,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U492,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R492=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I492=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K492=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H492),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H492),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H492),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H492),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H492),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R492=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Al/Cu alloy layer (5% Al) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Al","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U494,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R494=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I494=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K494=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H494),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H494),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H494),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H494),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H494),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R494=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Al alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U496,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R496=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I496=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K496=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H496),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H496),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H496),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H496),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H496),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R496=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemically reduced nanosheet-like mixed metal Cu5Al1Ox, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",36,"X. Wen et al., Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons. Vacuum 222, 112974 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U498,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R498=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I498=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K498=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H498),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H498),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H498),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H498),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H498),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R498=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CNP and graphite toplayers, on CuO/CuAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",35,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U500,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R500=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I500=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K500=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H500),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H500),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H500),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H500),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H500),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R500=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U500,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Porous Cu MPs prepared via dealloying Al2Cu pre-cursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al2Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8􀀀 50-X","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-75\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Qi et al., Scalable fabrication of high activity nanoporous copper powders for electrochemical CO2 reduction via ball milling and dealloying. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45, 101454 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U502,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R502=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I502=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K502=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H502),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H502),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H502),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H502),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H502),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R502=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U502,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Calcined (800 °C) Cu/Al LDH pre-cursor, yielding CuAl2O4/CuO NPs, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","PK-3-K-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Zhang, B. Yuan, W. Wang, J. He, X. Xiang, Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202302096 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U504,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R504=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I504=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K504=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H504),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H504),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H504),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H504),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H504),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R504=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U504,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Al LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Al_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-951\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U506,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R506=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I506=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K506=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H506),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H506),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H506),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H506),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H506),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R506=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U506,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Al,1Main text states 79.4, SI states 82.4. Report here main text value"]
[]
["Table S4. B-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, B-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/Shell","Cu, C, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_B/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",68,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U516,2))","v":68},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R516=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I516=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K516=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H516),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H516),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H516),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H516),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H516),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R516=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U516,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y516:Y555,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$516:$Y$555"}]
["Highly tensile strained Cu(100) NCs with boron nitride shell grown on top, mixed with CNPs and PTFE, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, B, N","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE-CNP/BN-shell_Cu_NC-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl (\"pH = 1\", according to paper)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2"," -2.75 V\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",59,"Liu, Q. et al. Highly Tensile Strained Cu(100) Surfaces by Epitaxial Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Nano Letters 24, 13741-13746, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03863 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U518,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R518=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I518=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K518=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H518),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H518),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H518),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H518),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H518),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R518=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Oxygen-vacancy rich B-doped CuO ‘nanobundles’ (nanowires + nanosheets), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",58,"Q. Wan et al., Boron-doped CuO nanobundles for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 2750-2754 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U520,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R520=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I520=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K520=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H520),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H520),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H520),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R520=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":17}]
[]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",53,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U522,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R522=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I522=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K522=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H522),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H522),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H522),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H522),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H522),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R522=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":20}]
["Porous dendritic Cu with a boron gradient (higher surface B content), on glassy carbon ","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/Cu_dendrite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-55\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhou et al., Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat Chem 10, 974-980 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U524,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R524=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I524=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K524=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H524),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H524),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H524),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H524),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H524),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R524=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["B-doped CuO MPs consisting of aggregated NSs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx/flower-like","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",51,"Yang, Z. et al. Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 353, 128326, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128326 (2025).]",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U526,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R526=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I526=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K526=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H526),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H526),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H526),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H526),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H526),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R526=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":9}]
[]
["B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.45 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U528,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R528=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I528=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K528=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H528),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H528),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H528),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H528),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H528),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R528=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":0}]
["B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",49,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U530,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R530=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I530=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K530=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H530),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H530),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H530),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H530),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H530),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R530=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-0.62 V\nvs. RHE","-167\nmA/cm2",48,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U532,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R532=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I532=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K532=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H532),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H532),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H532),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H532),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H532),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R532=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U534,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R534=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I534=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K534=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H534),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H534),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H534),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H534),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H534),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R534=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC517),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-115\nmA/cm2",40,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U536,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R536=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I536=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K536=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H536),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H536),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H536),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H536),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H536),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R536=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B/Cu alloy layer (5% B) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-B","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U538,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R538=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I538=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K538=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H538),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H538),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H538),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H538),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H538),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R538=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B-doped dendritic Cu (B gradient at surface) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_dendrite2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V\nvs. SHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Löffelholz et al., Optimized scalable CuB catalyst with promising carbon footprint for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 3, 100035 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U540,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R540=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I540=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K540=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H540),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H540),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H540),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H540),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H540),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R540=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B-doped (0.15 at. %) CuO NSs,on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Li et al., Boron-modified CuO as catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 towards C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 647, 158919 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U542,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R542=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I542=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K542=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H542),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H542),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H542),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H542),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H542),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R542=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (B) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, C, N, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U544,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R544=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I544=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K544=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H544),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H544),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H544),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H544),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H544),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R544=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co-plated B-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",32,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U546,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R546=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I546=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K546=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H546),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H546),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H546),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H546),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H546),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R546=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B-doped CuOX NPs (\"B0.02M\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-0.97 V\nvs. RHE","-163\nmA/cm2",32,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U548,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R548=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I548=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K548=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H548),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H548),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H548),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H548),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H548),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R548=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U548,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/B alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",30,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U550,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R550=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I550=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K550=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H550),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H550),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H550),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H550),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H550),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R550=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U550,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",30,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U552,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R552=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I552=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K552=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H552),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H552),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H552),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H552),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H552),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R552=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U552,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["B-doped Cu2O NWs, on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",26,"Y. Yao et al., Restraining lattice oxygen of Cu2O by enhanced Cu–O hybridization for selective and stable production of ethylene with CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20914-20923 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U554,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R554=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I554=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K554=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H554),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H554),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H554),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H554),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H554),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R554=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U554,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S5. Mg-based"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?\n40% CO, 60% N2","CO","?","?",80,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U563,2))","v":80},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R563=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I563=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K563=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H563),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H563),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H563),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H563),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H563),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R563=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U563,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y563:Y578,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$563:$Y$578"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",70,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U565,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R565=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I565=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K565=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H565),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H565),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H565),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H565),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H565),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R565=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","?","?",61,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U567,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R567=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I567=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K567=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H567),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H567),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H567),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H567),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H567),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R567=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":6},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":4}]
[]
["Mg-doped CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",59,"Ji, Q. et al. Establishing Active Cu+–O–Mg2+ Sites at the Cu2O/CuO Interface for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Materials Letters, 333-342, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02319 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U569,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R569=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I569=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K569=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H569),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H569),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H569),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H569),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H569),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R569=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":8},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":2}]
["Mg-doped CuO NSs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",46,"Li, X. et al. Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Nanoscale, doi:10.1039/D4NR02240H (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U571,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R571=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I571=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K571=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H571),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H571),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H571),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H571),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H571),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R571=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U571,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Mg-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mg, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.72 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",39,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U573,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R573=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I573=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K573=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H573),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H573),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H573),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H573),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H573),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R573=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U573,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC564),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":5}]
[]
["Mg-doped CuOX NPs containing amorphous Mg(OH)2, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.37 V\nvs. RHE","-279\nmA/cm2",35,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U575,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R575=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I575=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K575=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H575),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H575),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H575),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H575),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H575),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R575=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U575,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Mg LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Mg_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-505\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U577,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R577=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I577=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K577=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H577),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H577),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H577),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H577),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H577),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R577=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U577,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S6. Zn-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["CuOx supported on ZnO , on carbon paper (TGP-H-60)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-supported/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Platinized Ti",25,1,"CO2","-2.5 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",91,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, J. Solla-Gullón, V. Montiel, A. Irabien, Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion. Journal of CO2 Utilization 31, 135-142 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U586,2))","v":91},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R586=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I586=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K586=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H586),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H586),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H586),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H586),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H586),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R586=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U586,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y586:Y647,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$586:$Y$647"}]
["Brass foil (62% Cu, 37% Zn, trace amounts of Fe, Pb, Sn) with Nafion/PVDF (70:30 wt%) overlayer","Alloyed/Doped, Overlayer","Cu, Zn","Nafion, PVDF","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Coated-Brass","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V\nvs. RHE","?",74,"H. Pan, T. Akter, C. J. Barile, Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Zinc and Brass with Modulated Proton Transfer Using Membrane-Modified Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 12860-12868 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U588,2))","v":74},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R588=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I588=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K588=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H588),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H588),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H588),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H588),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H588),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R588=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",73,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U590,2))","v":73},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R590=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I590=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K590=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H590),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H590),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H590),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H590),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H590),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R590=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":28}]
[]
["Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",64,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U592,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R592=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I592=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K592=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H592),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H592),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H592),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H592),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H592),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R592=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":31}]
["Lattice-strained, Zn-doped CuO NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",61,"Wu, X. et al. Modification of the CuO electronic structure for enhanced selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 17, 7194-7202, doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6708-0 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U594,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R594=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I594=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K594=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H594),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H594),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H594),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H594),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H594),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R594=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Nanosheet arrays containing homogeneously mixed Zn & Cu domains (Cu:Zn ratio of 24:76 via XPS), on Cu foam","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Zn/Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,1,"CO2","-1.14 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",59,"X. Zhang et al., Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO2 electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 368-377 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U596,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R596=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I596=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K596=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H596),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H596),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H596),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H596),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H596),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R596=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":14}]
[]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",52,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U598,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R598=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I598=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K598=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H598),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H598),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H598),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H598),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H598),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R598=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":3}]
["Phase-separated CuO and ZnO NPs (Cu:Zn ratio of 80:20) supported on Vulcan XC72, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-367\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Li et al., CuO/ZnO/C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-C2+ products conversion with high yield: On the effect of geometric structure and composition. Applied Catalysis A: General 606, 117829 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U600,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R600=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I600=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K600=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H600),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H600),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H600),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H600),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H600),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R600=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Cu NP layer (1 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (0.2 mg/cm2), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. Journal of Catalysis 387, 163-169 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U602,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R602=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I602=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K602=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H602),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H602),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H602),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H602),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H602),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R602=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":6}]
[]
["Zn/Cu alloy NRs (5 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn5/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","? CO:Ar = 1:2","CO","?","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U604,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R604=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I604=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K604=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H604),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H604),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H604),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H604),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H604),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R604=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC587),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":2}]
["ZnO NPs supported on highly porous aggregrates of CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-on-CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",46,"Z. Yang et al., *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 332, 125870 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U606,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R606=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I606=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K606=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H606),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H606),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H606),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H606),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H606),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R606=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.15 V\nvs. ANODE","-652\nmA/cm2",46,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U608,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R608=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I608=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K608=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H608),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H608),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H608),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H608),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H608),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R608=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Chemically dezincified (through NaOH+(NH4)2S2O8 treatment) Zn-doped CuOx NWs, prepared from co-plated Zn/Cu alloy on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Zhang et al., Chemically dezincified copper nanowires catalysts with competitive selectivity for ethylene production by carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Ionics 28, 4817-4824 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U610,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R610=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I610=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K610=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H610),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H610),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H610),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H610),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H610),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R610=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U612,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R612=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I612=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K612=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H612),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H612),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H612),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H612),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H612),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R612=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Zn/Cu alloy NRs (3 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn3/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U614,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R614=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I614=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K614=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H614),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H614),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H614),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H614),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H614),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R614=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Cu90Zn10 alloy layer, on GDL - prepared via magnetron co-sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu90Zn10","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",44,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U616,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R616=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I616=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K616=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H616),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H616),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H616),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H616),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H616),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R616=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O NCs decorated with Zn (\"4%\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"Rüscher, M. et al. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper–zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, 3028-3043, doi:10.1039/D2CY00227B (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U618,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R618=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I618=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K618=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H618),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H618),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H618),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H618),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H618),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R618=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrochemically cycled (e.g., oxide-derived) Cu75Zn25 alloy disk","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cycled/Zn-Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","AHO, AGC Inc.","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","?",41,"A. H. M. da Silva et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: Effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 880, 114750 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U620,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R620=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I620=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K620=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H620),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H620),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H620),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H620),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H620),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R620=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs (3 nm) supported on Zn-based MOF (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.62 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",41,"Zhang, Y. et al. Lowering *CO Affinity over Cu Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multicarbon Products at High Current Density. CCS Chemistry 6, 2950-2960, doi:doi:10.31635/ccschem.024.202404245 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U622,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R622=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I622=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K622=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H622),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H622),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H622),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H622),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H622),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R622=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NWS decorated with a Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8), on carbon paper","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",41,"Sun, B. et al. Highly-exposed copper and ZIF-8 interface enables synthesis of hydrocarbons by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 831-839, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.205 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U624,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R624=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I624=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K624=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H624),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H624),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H624),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H624),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H624),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R624=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu/Zn mixed catalyst (Cu100Zn4.9), on carbon paper - prepared via co-plating","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",40,"T. Deng et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Energy,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U626,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R626=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I626=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K626=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H626),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H626),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H626),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H626),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H626),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R626=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu/Zn mixed catalyst co-electroplated from single plating bath, directly onto a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Zn/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M K2CO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,"X. Meng et al., Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts prepared by facial potential steps electrodeposition favoring Zn deposition and grain boundary formation for efficient CO2ER to ethylene. Fuel 369, 131775 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U628,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R628=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I628=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K628=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H628),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H628),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H628),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H628),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H628),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R628=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), mixed with carbon, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","\"proton exchange membrane\"","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",40,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U630,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R630=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I630=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K630=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H630),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H630),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H630),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H630),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H630),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R630=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U630,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu83Zn17 catalyst, on Au substrate - prepared via co-plating","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",35,"J.-J. Velasco-Vélez et al., Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy. Advanced Sustainable Systems 7, 2200453 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U632,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R632=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I632=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K632=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H632),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H632),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H632),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H632),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H632),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R632=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U632,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Dual-single atom Cu/Zn (3:1 ratio) deposited on N-functionalized amorphous/graphitic carbon, on Toray carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Dong et al., Manipulating electrochemical CO2 reduction pathway by engineering energy level of Cu/Zn dual-metal single atom catalysts. Applied Surface Science 660, 159956 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U634,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R634=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I634=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K634=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H634),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H634),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H634),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H634),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H634),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R634=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U634,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Core/shell NPs with Cu2O shell (ca. 60 nm) and ZnO core (ca. 30 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-core/Cu2O-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",34,"S. Zhu et al., Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products. Catalysts 11, 535 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U636,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R636=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I636=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K636=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H636),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H636),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H636),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H636),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H636),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R636=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U636,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Laser-prepared Cu/Zn alloy NPs (7-15 nm, 4:1 ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Laser/Zn-Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",33,"Y. Feng et al., Laser-Prepared CuZn Alloy Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544-13549 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U638,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R638=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I638=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K638=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H638),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H638),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H638),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H638),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H638),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R638=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U638,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NWs decorated with Zn-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",30,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U640,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R640=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I640=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K640=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H640),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H640),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H640),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H640),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H640),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R640=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U640,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Semi-porous Cu3Zn-derived NPs, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Zn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.15 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",24,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U642,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R642=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I642=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K642=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H642),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H642),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H642),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H642),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H642),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R642=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U642,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Zn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Zn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",22,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U644,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R644=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I644=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K644=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H644),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H644),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H644),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H644),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H644),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R644=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U644,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CNP and graphite layers on top of reduced CuZnO alloy catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",17,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U646,2))","v":17},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R646=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I646=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K646=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H646),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H646),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H646),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H646),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H646),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R646=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U646,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S7. Sn-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Co-plated Cu and Sn from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-226\nmA/cm2",57,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U655,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R655=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I655=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K655=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H655),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H655),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H655),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H655),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H655),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R655=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U655,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y655:Y670,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$655:$Y$670"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Sn-doped CuO nanosheets (0.65%, 130 C), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Jiang et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuO by synergistically tuning oxygen vacancies and metal doping. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100356 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U657,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R657=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I657=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K657=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H657),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H657),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H657),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H657),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H657),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R657=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Sn-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sn/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U659,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R659=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I659=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K659=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H659),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H659),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H659),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H659),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H659),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R659=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":8},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["SnO2-decorated (3 %) CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",24,"Y. Lan, G. Niu, F. Wang, D. Cui, Z. Hu, SnO2-Modified Two-Dimensional CuO for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, 36128-36136 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U661,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R661=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I661=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K661=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H661),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H661),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H661),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H661),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H661),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R661=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":8},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Cu/Sn alloy NPs (3 % Sn) mixed with Vulcan Carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","?",24,"Dauda, M. et al. Activity and Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at CuSnx Electrocatalysts Using a Zero-Gap Membrane Electrode Assembly. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, 084503, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6fd7 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U663,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R663=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I663=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K663=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H663),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H663),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H663),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H663),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H663),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R663=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu NPs in an ionic liquid polymer impregnated with SnCl2 (1 mol% vs. Cu), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sn, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnCl2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","80% CO,\n20% N2","CO","?","-250\nmA/cm2",23,"Y.-R. Du et al., Sn-based redox cycle mediated microenvironment regulation of Cu sites on poly(ionic liquid) enhance electrocatalytic CO-to-C2+ conversion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 337, 122969 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U665,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R665=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I665=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K665=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H665),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H665),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H665),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H665),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H665),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R665=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC656),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Sn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",19,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U667,2))","v":19},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R667=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I667=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K667=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H667),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H667),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H667),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H667),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H667),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R667=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Sn alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",16,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U669,2))","v":16},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R669=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I669=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K669=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H669),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H669),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H669),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H669),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H669),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R669=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U669,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S8. Pd-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Dilute Cu/Pd alloy (1.4 at. % Pd) prepared via co-electrodeposition, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",76,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U678,2))","v":76},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R678=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I678=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K678=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H678),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H678),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H678),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H678),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H678),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R678=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U678,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y678:Y729,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$678:$Y$729"}]
["Pd NP-decorated (50 nm) cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",64,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U680,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R680=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I680=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K680=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H680),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H680),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H680),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H680),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H680),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R680=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Ultralow (single atom, 0.36 wt%) surface Pd-doped Cu NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-SAA/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",61,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U682,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R682=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I682=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K682=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H682),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H682),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H682),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H682),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H682),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R682=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":23}]
[]
["Surface Pd-doped (\"6.2%\") Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu-PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",60,"Xie, Y. et al. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nature Catalysis 5, 564-570, doi:10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U684,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R684=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I684=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K684=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H684),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H684),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H684),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H684),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H684),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R684=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":26}]
["Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.90 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",56,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U686,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R686=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I686=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K686=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H686),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H686),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H686),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H686),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H686),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R686=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Pd doped Cu2O NCs (0.88 at. % Pd), on Toray YLS-30T GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",54,"D. Zhou et al., Cooperation of Different Active Sites to Promote CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products at Ampere-Level. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202400439.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U688,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R688=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I688=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K688=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H688),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H688),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H688),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H688),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H688),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R688=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":8}]
[]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd NPs (20 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U690,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R690=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I690=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K690=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H690),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H690),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H690),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H690),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H690),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R690=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":5}]
["Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (51.3:48.7 at. ratio), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phase-Sep_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumatech\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO2","-0.74 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-361\nmA/cm2",47,"S. Ma et al., Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, 47-50 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U692,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R692=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I692=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K692=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H692),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H692),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H692),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H692),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H692),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R692=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Co-electroplated Cu/Pd foam (6.83:1 at. ratio), on carbon paper ","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",45,"R. Feng et al., Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 7560-7565 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U694,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R694=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I694=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K694=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H694),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H694),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H694),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H694),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H694),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R694=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":5}]
[]
["Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O NPs (6 at. % Pd (?)), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-2.18 V\nvs. RHE","-615\nmA/cm2","45†_Cu-Pd,1","B. Wang, L. Song, C. Peng, X. Lv, G. Zheng, Pd-induced polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion in acidic medium. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 671, 184-191 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U696,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R696=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I696=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K696=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H696),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H696),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H696),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H696),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H696),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R696=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC679),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Cu1Pd0.004 NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-581\nmA/cm2",44,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U698,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R698=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I698=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K698=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H698),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H698),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H698),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H698),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H698),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R698=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["CuOx NPs coated with an ultrathin Pd shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-shell/CuOx_NP-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"Du, X. et al. Ultrathin Palladium-loaded Cuprous oxide stabilises Copper(I) to facilitate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 685, 537-545, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.132 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U700,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R700=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I700=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K700=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H700),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H700),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H700),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H700),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H700),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R700=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-700\nmA/cm2",35,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U702,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R702=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I702=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K702=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H702),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H702),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H702),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H702),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H702),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R702=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Pd surface doped (0.002 at. %) CuN3 NCs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuN3_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",35,"Z. Zhang et al., Charge-Separated Pdδ−–Cuδ+ Atom Pairs Promote CO2 Reduction to C2. Nano Letters 23, 2312-2320 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U704,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R704=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I704=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K704=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H704),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H704),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H704),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H704),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H704),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R704=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pd NCs (ca. 20 nm) with a 'thick' (15 nm) Cu shell, ","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-shell/Pd_NC-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",35,"Liu, S. et al. Epitaxial Growth of Atomic-Layer Cu on Pd Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Chemistry of Materials, doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02541 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U706,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R706=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I706=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K706=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H706),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H706),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H706),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H706),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H706),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R706=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",35,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U708,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R708=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I708=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K708=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H708),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H708),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H708),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H708),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H708),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R708=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U710,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R710=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I710=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K710=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H710),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H710),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H710),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H710),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H710),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R710=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Janus catalyst composed of Cu decahedra NPs grown on Pd seed (46.2:1 at. ratio Cu/Pd), supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Janus-Pd/Cu_decahedra","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Lyu et al., Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 149-162 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U712,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R712=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I712=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K712=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H712),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H712),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H712),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R712=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (98:2 wt. ratio) deposited via electroplating on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plated_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"C. Zhu et al., Cu–Pd Bimetallic Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small Structures 4, 2200328 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U714,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R714=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I714=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K714=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H714),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H714),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H714),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H714),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H714),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R714=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U714,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.383 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-0.5%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.74 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",31,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U716,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R716=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I716=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K716=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H716),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H716),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H716),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H716),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H716),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R716=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U716,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Disordered Cu/Pd NPs (1.1:1 atomic ratio), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U718,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R718=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I718=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K718=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H718),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H718),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H718),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H718),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H718),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R718=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U718,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pd/Cu alloy layer (5% Pd) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Pd","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U720,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R720=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I720=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K720=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H720),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H720),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H720),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H720),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H720),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R720=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U720,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["\"CuPd(100) interface catalyst\" prepared starting from Pd NPs, supported on Kochin black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd(100)/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",29,"L. Zhu et al., Tuning the intermediate reaction barriers by a CuPd catalyst to improve the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, 1500-1508 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U722,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R722=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I722=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K722=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H722),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H722),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H722),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H722),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H722),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R722=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U722,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Pd1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U724,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R724=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I724=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K724=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H724),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H724),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H724),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H724),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H724),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R724=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U724,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs mixed with (in-situ formed) PdO2 NPs ‘dissolved’/dispersed in an IL polymer layer, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdO2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",27,"X.-Q. Li, G.-Y. Duan, X.-X. Yang, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-electron reduction products using poly(ionic liquid)-based Cu-Pd catalyst. Fundamental Research 2, 937-945 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U726,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R726=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I726=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K726=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H726),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H726),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H726),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H726),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H726),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R726=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U726,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pd-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U728,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R728=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I728=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K728=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H728),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H728),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H728),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H728),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H728),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R728=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U728,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Pd,1Report the value given in main text, as opposed to SI table (45 vs. 44%)"]
[]
["Table S9. Pb-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Phase-seggregated Cu/Pb bimetallic catalyst individually electroplated on polyaniline-modified carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, Single atom","Cu, Pb, C","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polyaniline/Pb-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",57,"S. Han et al., CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu-Pb Heterojunction Catalyst. ChemCatChem n/a, e202300918.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U738,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R738=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I738=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K738=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H738),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H738),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H738),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H738),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H738),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R738=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U738,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y738:Y745,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$738:$Y$745"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["Cu NCs with 0.7 nm Pb shell, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Pb, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pb-shell/Cu_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",40,"P. Wang et al., Synergized Cu/Pb Core/Shell Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency CO2 Reduction to C2+ Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 1039-1047 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U740,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R740=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I740=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K740=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H740),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H740),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H740),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H740),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H740),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R740=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Alloyed Pb/Cu NPs (Cu:Pb ratio of 0.2%, possibly phase-separated) mixed with CNPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO","-2.4 V\nvs. SCE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"M. Schwartz, M. E. Vercauteren, A. F. Sammells, Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, 3119 (1994).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U742,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R742=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I742=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K742=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H742),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H742),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H742),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H742),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H742),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R742=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":4},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["Pb-doped (3.4 wt%) Cu2O nanosheets, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu2O_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",33,"X. Ma et al., Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Green Chemistry 25, 7635-7641 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U744,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R744=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I744=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K744=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H744),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H744),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H744),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H744),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H744),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R744=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":4},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":0}]
[]
["Table S10. Ni-based Cu",{"$nulls":27},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE",null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC739),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":1}]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Ultrathin (ca. 4.8 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuNi nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on Ti mesh","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ni_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-470\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Ultrathin CuNi Nanosheets for CO2 Reduction and O2 Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells. ACS Materials Letters 3, 1143-1150 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U753,2))","v":81},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R753=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I753=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K753=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H753),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H753),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H753),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H753),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H753),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R753=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U753,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y753:Y800,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$753:$Y$800"}]
["Cu NPs encapsulated in mesoporous Ni-SAC functionalized carbon, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-C/Ni/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-406\nmA/cm2",72,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U755,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R755=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I755=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K755=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H755),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H755),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H755),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H755),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H755),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R755=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V\nvs. RHE","-101\nmA/cm2",66,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U757,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R757=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I757=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K757=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H757),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H757),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H757),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H757),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H757),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R757=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":23}]
[]
["Ni-SAC layer on top of sputtered Cu layer, on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion (?)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",63,"J. Chen et al., Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202215406 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U759,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R759=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I759=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K759=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H759),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H759),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H759),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H759),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H759),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R759=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":24}]
["Ni-N/C layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-593\nmA/cm2",62,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U761,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R761=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I761=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K761=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H761),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H761),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H761),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H761),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H761),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R761=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu NPs supported on Ni-SAC mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U763,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R763=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I763=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K763=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H763),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H763),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H763),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H763),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H763),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R763=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":13}]
[]
["Cu NPs mixed with Ni-SAC, on homemade GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam/plate",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-308\nmA/cm2",61,"L. Li et al., Hydrophobicity graded gas diffusion electrode with enhanced CO intermediate coverage for high-performance electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 331, 122597 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U765,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R765=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I765=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K765=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H765),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H765),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H765),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H765),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H765),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R765=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["Ni electroplated on Cu NW array-modified GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, overlayer","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-432\nmA/cm2",59,"Xu, K. et al. Nanowire arrays with abundant Cu–Ni interfaces for electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chemical Engineering Journal 498, 155831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155831 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U767,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R767=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I767=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K767=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H767),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H767),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H767),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H767),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H767),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R767=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Ni-doped (1.2 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-65\nmA/cm2",58,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U769,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R769=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I769=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K769=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H769),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H769),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H769),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H769),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H769),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R769=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":12}]
[]
["CU NPs supported on Ni-SAC layer, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2","57†_Cu-Ni,1","D.-L. Meng et al., Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel–Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 25485-25492 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U771,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R771=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I771=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K771=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H771),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H771),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H771),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H771),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H771),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R771=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC754),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":7}]
["CuOx NCs supported on Ni/C,N catalyst, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx",25,"?","CO2","-0.60 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-127\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-R. Lin et al., Vapor-Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel-Coordinated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113252 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U773,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R773=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I773=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K773=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H773),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H773),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H773),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H773),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H773),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R773=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Ni-doped Cu2(OH)3Cl pre-cursor reduced in-situ to form β nickel-oxide hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cu active phase, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","β-(NiOOH)/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Mao et al., Sustainedly High-Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2400827.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U775,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R775=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I775=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K775=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H775),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H775),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H775),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H775),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H775),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R775=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on Ni-SAC, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1500\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U777,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R777=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I777=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K777=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H777),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H777),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H777),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H777),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H777),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R777=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-doped Ni MOF mixed with MWCNTs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, O","PiperION-A5","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/Ni_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","PiperION-A40","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-527\nmA/cm2",53,"L. Huang et al., Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni–Cu Hybrid Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26444-26451 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U779,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R779=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I779=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K779=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H779),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H779),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H779),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H779),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H779),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R779=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-78\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U781,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R781=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I781=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K781=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H781),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H781),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H781),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H781),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H781),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R781=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu/Ni alloy NPs (7% Ni), co-sputtered on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion 37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",41,"H. Song, Y. C. Tan, B. Kim, S. Ringe, J. Oh, Tunable Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Well-Mixed Ni–Cu Alloys. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 55272-55280 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U783,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R783=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I783=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K783=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H783),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H783),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H783),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H783),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H783),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R783=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NWs decorated with Ni-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U785,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R785=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I785=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K785=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H785),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H785),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H785),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H785),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H785),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R785=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ni-based SAC mixed with Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",35,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U787,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R787=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I787=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K787=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H787),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H787),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H787),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H787),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H787),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R787=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Ni-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-49\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U789,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R789=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I789=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K789=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H789),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H789),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H789),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H789),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H789),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R789=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ni clusters deposited through galvanic displacement on CuS-derived roughened Cu foam","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni_NP/Cu-foam","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion\n37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",22,"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-268\nmA/cm2",32,"X. Zhang et al., Atomic nickel cluster decorated defect-rich copper for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291, 120030 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U791,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R791=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I791=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K791=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H791),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H791),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H791),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H791),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H791),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R791=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on Ni-N/C , on glassy carbon","Tandem catalyst, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ni_C,N","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.09 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",31,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U793,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R793=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I793=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K793=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H793),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H793),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H793),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H793),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H793),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R793=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Ni1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ni/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U795,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R795=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I795=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K795=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H795),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H795),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H795),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H795),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H795),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R795=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U795,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Air-oxidized Cu/Ni alloy NPs (19% Ni), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alloy/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",25,"T. M. Suzuki et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nanoparticles derived from an oxidized Cu–Ni intermetallic alloy. Chemical Communications 56, 15008-15011 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U797,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R797=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I797=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K797=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H797),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H797),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H797),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H797),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H797),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R797=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U797,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Ni-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Ni, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U799,2))","v":10},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R799=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I799=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K799=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H799),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H799),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H799),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H799),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H799),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R799=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U799,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Ni,1Main text states 57.3, SI states 57.8. Rounded down to 57"]
[]
["Table S11. Co-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Ultrathin (ca. 46.3 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuCo nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Co_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Atomic-thin hexagonal CuCo nanocrystals with d-band tuning for CO2 reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 7496-7502 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U809,2))","v":81},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R809=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I809=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K809=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H809),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H809),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H809),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H809),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H809),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R809=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U809,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y809:Y846,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$809:$Y$846"}]
["Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U811,2))","v":76},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R811=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I811=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K811=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H811),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H811),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H811),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H811),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H811),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R811=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-20","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",71,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U813,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R813=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I813=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K813=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H813),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H813),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H813),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H813),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H813),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R813=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":16}]
[]
["Cold H2 plasma-treated porous mixed CoOx/CuOx, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Porous-CoOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",70,"J. Wang et al., Cold plasma activated Cu–Co multi-active centers tandem catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 into C2H4. Vacuum 222, 113017 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U815,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R815=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I815=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K815=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H815),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H815),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H815),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H815),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H815),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R815=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":19}]
["Vulcan XC-72 toplayer on Co-TMC midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-420\nmA/cm2",67,"X. Kong et al., Understanding the Effect of *CO Coverage on C–C Coupling toward CO2 Electroreduction. Nano Letters 22, 3801-3808 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U817,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R817=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I817=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K817=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H817),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H817),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H817),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H817),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H817),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R817=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",58,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U819,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R819=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I819=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K819=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H819),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H819),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H819),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H819),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H819),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R819=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":4}]
[]
["Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",58,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U821,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R821=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I821=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K821=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H821),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H821),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H821),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H821),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H821),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R821=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Co-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.85 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",54,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U823,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R823=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I823=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K823=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H823),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H823),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H823),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H823),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H823),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R823=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.93 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U825,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R825=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I825=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K825=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H825),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H825),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H825),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H825),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H825),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R825=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":7}]
[]
["Co-TMC surface-modified Cu NCs supported on carbon black, on GDL substrate","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"M. Wang, A. Loiudice, V. Okatenko, I. D. Sharp, R. Buonsanti, The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 14, 1097-1104 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U827,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R827=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I827=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K827=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H827),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H827),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H827),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H827),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H827),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R827=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC810),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
["Co-containing (CO forming) TMC (porphyrin) coated on CuOx NW-modified Cu mesh substrate","Core/Shell, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl (CO2-saturated)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Min et al., Construction of Cobalt Porphyrin-Modified Cu2O Nanowire Array as a Tandem Electrocatalyst for Enhanced CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Small n/a, 2400592.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U829,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R829=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I829=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K829=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H829),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H829),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H829),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H829),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H829),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R829=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co (0.2 %)/CuO alloy NPs (ca. 16 nm) with single-atom Co prepared from Cu-MOF precursor, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",43,"B. Kim et al., Trace-Level Cobalt Dopants Enhance CO2 Electroreduction and Ethylene Formation on Copper. ACS Energy Letters 8, 3356-3364 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U831,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R831=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I831=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K831=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H831),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H831),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H831),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H831),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H831),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R831=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co-doped (1.1 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",42,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U833,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R833=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I833=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K833=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H833),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H833),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H833),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H833),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H833),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R833=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U835,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R835=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I835=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K835=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H835),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H835),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H835),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H835),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H835),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R835=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Co TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",37,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U837,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R837=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I837=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K837=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H837),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H837),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H837),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H837),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H837),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R837=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Co-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U839,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R839=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I839=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K839=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H839),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H839),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H839),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H839),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H839),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R839=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co-doped (\"0.4%\") Cu NWs, grown on Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, Core/Shell","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",27,"Sanaz, S. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on cobalt decorated copper catalysts. Chemical Synthesis 4, 44 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U841,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R841=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I841=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K841=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H841),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H841),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H841),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H841),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H841),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R841=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Co, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",25,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U843,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R843=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I843=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K843=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H843),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H843),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H843),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H843),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H843),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R843=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U843,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/Co (4% Co) alloy NPs prepared via co-electroplating on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_alloyNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",22,"Y. Takatsuji et al., Highly Selective Methane Production Through Electrochemical CO2 reduction by Electrolytically Plated Cu-Co Electrode. Electrocatalysis 10, 29-34 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U845,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R845=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I845=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K845=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H845),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H845),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H845),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H845),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H845),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R845=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U845,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S12. Ga-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Ga-doped CuOx NCs (1.67 at.% Ga), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U854,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R854=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I854=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K854=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H854),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H854),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H854),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H854),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H854),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R854=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U854,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y854:Y871,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$854:$Y$871"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",43,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U856,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R856=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I856=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K856=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H856),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H856),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H856),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H856),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H856),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R856=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ga alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U858,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R858=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I858=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K858=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H858),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H858),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H858),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H858),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H858),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R858=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":8},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":{"$error":"#VALUE!"}}]
[]
["Ga/Cu alloy layer (5% Ga) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ga","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U860,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R860=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I860=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K860=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H860),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H860),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H860),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H860),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H860),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R860=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":9},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":0}]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Ga LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Ga_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-522\nmA/cm2",31,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U862,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R862=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I862=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K862=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H862),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H862),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H862),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H862),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H862),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R862=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-1800\nmA/cm2",31,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U864,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R864=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I864=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K864=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H864),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H864),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H864),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H864),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H864),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R864=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC855),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":7}]
[]
["Ga(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ga, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",27,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U866,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R866=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I866=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K866=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H866),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H866),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H866),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H866),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H866),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R866=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu/Ga alloy NPs (4 at. % Ga), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ga/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",23,"V. Okatenko et al., Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 5370-5383 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U868,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R868=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I868=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K868=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H868),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H868),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H868),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H868),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H868),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R868=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal Ga/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Ga-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",19,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U870,2))","v":19},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R870=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I870=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K870=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H870),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H870),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H870),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H870),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H870),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R870=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U870,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S13. Fe-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Cu NP layer (0.8 mg/cm2) with Fe-N/C overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Fe, C, N","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.38 V\nvs. ANODE","-1200\nmA/cm2",64,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U879,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R879=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I879=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K879=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H879),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H879),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H879),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H879),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H879),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R879=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U879,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y879:Y896,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$879:$Y$896"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":0}]
["Fe-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U881,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R881=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I881=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K881=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H881),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H881),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H881),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H881),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H881),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R881=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",41,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U883,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R883=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I883=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K883=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H883),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H883),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H883),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H883),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H883),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R883=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":9},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-Phase/Janus","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe-TMC/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",36,"M. Wang et al., Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with Fe-porphyrins and Cu nanocubes enhances ethylene production. Chemical Science 13, 12673-12680 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U885,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R885=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I885=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K885=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H885),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H885),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H885),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H885),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H885),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R885=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":9},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Fe-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Fe, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",33,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U887,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R887=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I887=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K887=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H887),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H887),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H887),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H887),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H887),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R887=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Fe-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U889,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R889=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I889=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K889=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H889),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H889),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H889),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H889),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H889),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R889=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC880),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Single atom Fe sites on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Single atom","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-SAC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"S.-F. Hung et al., A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nature Communications 13, 819 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U891,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R891=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I891=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K891=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H891),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H891),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H891),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H891),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H891),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R891=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Fe-doped (1.3 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",22,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U893,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R893=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I893=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K893=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H893),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H893),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H893),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H893),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H893),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R893=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Fe-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Fe, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.9 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",17,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U895,2))","v":17},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R895=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I895=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K895=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H895),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H895),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H895),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H895),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H895),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R895=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U895,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S14. Au-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Au NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Tandem catalyst","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",56,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U904,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R904=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I904=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K904=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H904),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H904),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H904),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H904),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H904),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R904=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U904,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y904:Y945,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$904:$Y$945"}]
["Cu shell grown on top of Au nanoribbons with 4H phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Core/Shell","Cu, Au, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4H-Au/Cu-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2"," -1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,"Y. Chen et al., Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 12760-12766 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U906,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R906=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I906=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K906=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H906),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H906),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H906),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H906),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H906),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R906=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Au/Cu janus nanocrystals derived from penta-twinned Au nanobipyramids, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","bipyramid/Au-Cu_janus","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",42,"H. Jia et al., Symmetry-Broken Au–Cu Heterostructures and their Tandem Catalysis Process in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2101255 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U908,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R908=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I908=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K908=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H908),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H908),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H908),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H908),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H908),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R908=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":19}]
[]
["Au NPs (\"large\", order of a few nm) supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",42,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U910,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R910=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I910=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K910=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H910),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H910),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H910),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H910),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H910),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R910=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":21}]
["Au/Cu alloy hollow NWs (Cu:Au of 5:1) prepared via galvanic displacement, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow_Au/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",40,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U912,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R912=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I912=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K912=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H912),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H912),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H912),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H912),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H912),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R912=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich penta-twinned nanorods (1 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.62 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U914,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R914=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I914=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K914=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H914),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H914),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H914),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H914),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H914),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R914=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":7}]
[]
["Au NPs (0.7 at.%) supported on Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Wei, S. Yue, S. Gao, M. Cao, R. Cao, Synergetic effects of gold-doped copper nanowires with low Au content for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. Nano Research 16, 7777-7783 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U916,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R916=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I916=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K916=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H916),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H916),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H916),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H916),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H916),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R916=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Au NPs supported on Cu2O NWs grown on Cu-sputtered, etched FTO substrate","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Gao, D. Ren, X. Guo, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C–C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: a study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discussions 215, 282-296 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U918,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R918=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I918=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K918=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H918),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H918),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H918),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H918),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H918),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R918=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U920,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R920=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I920=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K920=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H920),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H920),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H920),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H920),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H920),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R920=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U922,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R922=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I922=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K922=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H922),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H922),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H922),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H922),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H922),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R922=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC905),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Au/Cu janus-type NPs consisting of concave Au NCs linked with hollow quasi-spherical Cu particles (ca. 118 nm) (Au:Cu ratio of 1:24), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NCs/Hollow_Cu-sphere","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2"," -0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-480\nmA/cm2",36,"Y. Zheng et al., Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2201695 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U924,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R924=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I924=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K924=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H924),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H924),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H924),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H924),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H924),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R924=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich nanocubes (2 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-150\nmA/cm2",28,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U926,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R926=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I926=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K926=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H926),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H926),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H926),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H926),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H926),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R926=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Au-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U928,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R928=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I928=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K928=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H928),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H928),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H928),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H928),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H928),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R928=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Au NPs supported on Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NPs/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",24,"X. Cao et al., Enhanced Ethylene Formation from Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Sequential Catalysis on Au Decorated Cubic Cu2O Electrocatalyst. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 2353-2364 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U930,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R930=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I930=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K930=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H930),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H930),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H930),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H930),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H930),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R930=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Au NPs (8 nm) linked via bipyridine to Cu NWs (50 nm) supported on CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, C","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Linked_Au-NP/Cu-NW","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",23,"J. Fu et al., Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 14100-14103 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U932,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R932=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I932=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K932=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H932),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H932),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H932),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H932),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H932),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R932=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Au/Cu alloy layer (5% Au) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Au","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",22,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U934,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R934=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I934=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K934=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H934),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H934),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H934),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H934),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H934),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R934=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Galvanic displacement driven surface-Au doped Cu microcones on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-doped/Cu_microcone","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"S. Shen et al., AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol. Small 15, 1902229 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U936,2))","v":21},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R936=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I936=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K936=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H936),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H936),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H936),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H936),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H936),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R936=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Hollow Cu NPs with Au NPs inside of them, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-in-hollow-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"R. Zhang et al., Highly stability Cu+ species in hollow Cu2O nanoreactors by modulating cavity size for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 461, 142052 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U938,2))","v":21},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R938=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I938=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K938=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H938),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H938),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H938),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H938),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H938),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R938=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U938,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu shell/Au core NPs (50 nm) with elemental gradient, on GDL","Core/shell (gradient)","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gradient Au(core)/Cu(shell)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-0.1\nmA/cm2",20,"J. Huang et al., Bimetallic Au-Cu gradient alloy for electrochemical CO2 reduction into C2H4 at low overpotential. Journal of Catalysis 415, 134-141 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U940,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R940=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I940=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K940=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H940),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H940),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H940),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H940),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H940),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R940=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U940,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu particles electroplated on 'wrinkled' Au substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/wrinkled_Au","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",20,"Rakhsha, A. et al. Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products. Nano Energy 133, 110457, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110457 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U942,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R942=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I942=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K942=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H942),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H942),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H942),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H942),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H942),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R942=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U942,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Au NPs (10 nm) on top of electropolished monocrystalline Cu substrate, restructuring in-situ to form core/shell structures","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-on-Cu(S)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",8,"C. Zhu et al., Dynamic restructuring of epitaxial Au-Cu biphasic interface for tandem CO2-to-C2+ alcohol conversion. Chem 8, 3288-3301 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U944,2))","v":8},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R944=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I944=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K944=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H944),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H944),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H944),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H944),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H944),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R944=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U944,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S15. Ag-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Ag foil coated with Cu NP Nafion ink","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Nafion-Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,"Akter, T., et al. (2022). \"Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction inside a Membrane with Enhanced Selectivity for Ethylene.\" The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126(24): 10045-10052.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U953,2))","v":76},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R953=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I953=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K953=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H953),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H953),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H953),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H953),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H953),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R953=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U953,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y953:Y1106,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$953:$Y$1106"}]
["Prepared by electrodepositing Cu on Ag surfaces","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electro/Cu_NPs/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon electrode","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,"Akter, T. and C. J. Barile (2023). \"Membrane-controlled CO2 electrocatalysts with switchable C2 product selectivity and high faradaic efficiency for ethanol.\" ",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U955,2))","v":76},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R955=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I955=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K955=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H955),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H955),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H955),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H955),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H955),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R955=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Cu/Ag obtained using magnetron sputtering, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu52Ag48","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-","-451 mA/cm2",69,"Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). \"Enhanced interfacial effect-induced asymmetric coupling boost electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 344: 123666.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U957,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R957=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I957=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K957=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H957),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H957),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H957),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H957),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H957),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R957=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":71}]
[]
["Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",68,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U959,2))","v":68},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R959=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I959=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K959=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H959),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H959),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H959),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H959),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H959),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R959=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":77}]
["Cu NCs doped with AgNO3, on solid substrate","Cubes, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","0-Cu2O/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-27 mA/cm2",67,"Dong, G., et al. (2023). \"Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides.\" Materials Reports: Energy 3(2): 100195.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U961,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R961=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I961=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K961=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H961),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H961),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H961),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H961),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H961),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R961=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",66,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U963,2))","v":66},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R963=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I963=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K963=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H963),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H963),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H963),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H963),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H963),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R963=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":28}]
[]
["Cu NWs from ACS Materials doped with AgNO3, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-63 doped Cu-nanowire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperIon 40 μm","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL",30,"?","CO2","-3.2 V cell potential","-80 mA/cm2",60,"Jiang, R., et al. (2023). \"Copper-Nanowires Incorporated with Silver-Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Reduction in Alkaline Zero Gap Electrolyzer.\" ACS Applied Energy Materials 6(20): 10475-10486.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U965,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R965=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I965=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K965=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H965),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H965),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H965),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H965),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H965),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R965=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":7}]
["In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-85†_Cu-Ag,1 mA/cm2",58,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U967,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R967=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I967=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K967=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H967),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H967),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H967),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H967),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H967),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R967=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Ag-doped Cu MOF (Cu:Ag of 10:1) NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",57,"J. Feng et al., Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Chemical Science,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U969,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R969=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I969=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K969=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H969),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H969),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H969),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H969),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H969),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R969=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":12}]
[]
["Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V vs. RHE","-200 mA/cm2",56,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U971,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R971=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I971=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K971=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H971),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H971),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H971),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H971),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H971),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R971=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC954),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":8}]
["CuAg by electrodeposited CuSO4 and Ag2SO4, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAg-wire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumatech",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V vs. RHE","-313 mA/cm2",55,"Hoang, T. T. H., et al. (2018). \"Nanoporous Copper–Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 140(17): 5791-5797.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U973,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R973=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I973=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K973=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H973),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H973),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H973),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H973),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H973),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R973=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electroplating Ag with drop casted Cu, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Thiadiazole (N2SN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15%at. Ag–Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumapem FAA-3-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ti-IrOx","?","?","CO2","-4.55 Vvs. ANODE","-320 mA/cm2",55,"Wu, H., et al. (2021). \"Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping.\" Nature Communications 12(1): 7210.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U975,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R975=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I975=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K975=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H975),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H975),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H975),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H975),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H975),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R975=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Synthesis of Ag NCs doped with CuCl2, on glass carbon electrode ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag65–Cu35 JNS-100 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-4 mA/cm2",54,"Ma, Y., et al. (2022). \"Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" Advanced Materials 34(19): 2110607.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U977,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R977=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I977=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K977=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H977),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H977),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H977),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H977),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H977),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R977=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag-doped (4.3 at. % vs. Cu) CuO nanospheres consisting of aggregated platelets, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Cu_aggregated","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Yang et al., Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR. Surfaces and Interfaces 48, 104267 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U979,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R979=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I979=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K979=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H979),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H979),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H979),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H979),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H979),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R979=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Ag NPs (50 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",51,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U981,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R981=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I981=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K981=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H981),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H981),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H981),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H981),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H981),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R981=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Synthesis of CuO NCs doped with AgCl2, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgOx/S-Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V vs. RHE","-150 mA/cm2",50,"Liu, J., et al. (2022). \"Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes.\" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10(15): 8459-8465.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U983,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R983=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I983=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K983=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H983),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H983),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H983),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H983),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H983),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R983=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu needles with Ag NP, on a GDL","Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu needle-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V vs. RHE","-350 mA/cm2",50,"Wei, C., et al. (2023). \"Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts.\" Advanced Functional Materials 33(28): 2214992.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U985,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R985=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I985=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K985=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H985),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H985),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H985),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H985),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H985),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R985=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-61 mA/cm2",50,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U987,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R987=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I987=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K987=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H987),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H987),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H987),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H987),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H987),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R987=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Synthesised CuO particles followed by AgNO3 doping, on a glassy carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, I, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","AgI-CuO ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.25 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1 V vs. RHE","-24 mA/cm2",49,"Yang, R., et al. (2022). \"In Situ Halogen-Ion Leaching Regulates Multiple Sites on Tandem Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61(21): e202116706.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U989,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R989=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I989=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K989=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H989),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H989),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H989),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H989),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H989),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R989=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V vs. RHE","-8 mA/cm2",49,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U991,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R991=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I991=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K991=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H991),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H991),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H991),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H991),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H991),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R991=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-490\nmA/cm2",48,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U993,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R993=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I993=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K993=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H993),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H993),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H993),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H993),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H993),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R993=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Galvanic replacement commercial Cu NPs and Ag+","Foam","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu SAA","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.65 V vs. RHE","-708 mA/cm2",48,"Du, C., et al. (2023). \"Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 6142.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U995,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R995=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I995=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K995=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H995),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H995),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H995),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H995),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H995),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R995=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Defective Ag NPs obtained from in-situ reduction of AgIO3 NSs mixed with CuO NSs (Cu:Ag ratio of 6), deposited on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgIO3-NS/CuO_NS","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-2.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",48,"Yang, R. et al. Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2414642, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414642.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U997,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R997=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I997=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K997=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H997),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H997),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H997),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H997),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H997),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R997=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with Ag overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.05 V\nvs. ANODE","-688\nmA/cm2",46,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U999,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R999=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I999=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K999=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H999),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H999),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H999),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H999),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H999),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R999=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs mixed with Ag NPs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag_NPs+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.42 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1001,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1001=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1001=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1001=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1001),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1001),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1001),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1001),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1001),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1001=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag NRs fully coated by Cu(NO3)2 solution ","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","4H Au@Cu nanoribbon","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V vs. RHE","-100 mA/cm2",45,"Chen, Y., et al. (2020). \"Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO(2) Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study.\" J Am Chem Soc 142(29): 12760-12766.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1003,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1003=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1003=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1003=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1003),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1003),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1003),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1003),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1003),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1003=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP on GDL, immersed AgNO3 solution for various times.","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO","-0.56 V vs. RHE","?",44,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1005,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1005=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1005=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1005=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1005),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1005),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1005),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1005),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1005),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1005=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Core/shell NPs with Ag core and Cu shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@Cu-p4.9","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V vs. RHE","-299 mA/cm2",44,"Zhong, Y., et al. (2022). \"Adjusting Local CO Confinement in Porous-Shell Ag@Cu Catalysts for Enhancing C–C Coupling toward CO2 Eletroreduction.\" Nano Letters 22(6): 2554-2560.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1007,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1007=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1007=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1007=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1007),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1007),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1007),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1007),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1007),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1007=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Co-plated Cu and Ag from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-148\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1009,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1009=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1009=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1009=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1009),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1009),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1009),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1009),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1009),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1009=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Core-shell NPs prepared by precipitation of Cu(OH)2 on Ag core, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@C@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Not Found","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V vs. RHE","-400 mA/cm2",43,"Zhang, J., et al. (2022). \"Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction in flow reactors.\" Cell Reports Physical Science 3(7): 100949.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1011,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1011=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1011=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1011=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1011),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1011),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1011),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1011),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1011),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1011=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag-doped (2%) Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.74 V vs. RHE","-1350 mA/cm2",43,"Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y. & Lin, B.-L. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol via the Synergistic Effect of Cu–Ag Bimetallic Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 14045-14052, doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1013,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1013=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1013=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1013=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1013),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1013),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1013),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1013),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1013),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1013=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["The CuO supports prepared by precipitation method followed by Ag impregnation, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion 115","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1-CuO-2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,"Xue, L., et al. (2023). \"Ultralow Ag-assisted carbon–carbon coupling mechanism on Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.\" Journal of Energy Chemistry 82: 414-422.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1015,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1015=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1015=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1015=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1015),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1015),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1015),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1015),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1015),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1015=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Sythesyzed Cu nanocubes doped with AgNO3, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","CuO, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV, AGC Inc.",null,"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,"Herzog, A., et al. (2021). \"Operando Investigation of Ag-Decorated Cu2O Nanocube Catalysts with Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction toward Liquid Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60(13): 7426-7435.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1017,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1017=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1017=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1017=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1017),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1017),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1017),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1017),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1017),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1017=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1017,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO Nanowires modified with AgNO3","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag−Cu2O NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-",null,null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-36 mA/cm2",42,"Gao, J., et al. (2019). \"Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(47): 18704-18714.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1019,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1019=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1019=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1019=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1019),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1019),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1019),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1019),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1019),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1019=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",42,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1021,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1021=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1021=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1021=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1021),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1021),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1021),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1021),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1021),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1021=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP dispersed in methanol with Nafion deposited on GDL, immersed in aqueous AgNO3 solution for various times.","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-1.31 V vs. RHE","?",41,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1023,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1023=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1023=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1023=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1023),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1023),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1023),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1023),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1023),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1023=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["The AgCu alloy catalyst was obtained via electroreduction, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCuOx ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",41,"Wang, J., et al. (2019). \"Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11(3): 2763-2767.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1025,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1025=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1025=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1025=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1025),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1025),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1025),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1025),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1025),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1025=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electroplated Cu NPs with Ag layer created by spincoating with AgNO3 solution, on a Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu Np","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-20 mA/cm2",41,"Hou, L., et al. (2020). \"Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene.\" Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7(10): 2097-2106.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1027,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1027=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1027=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1027=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1027),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1027),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1027),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1027),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1027),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1027=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag NPs with a porous (40 nm thick) Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2O/Ag_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2"," -1.6 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",41,"Lu, Y. et al. Confinement Catalysis of Reaction Intermediates in Ag@Cu2O Cascade Nanoreactors toward Boosted Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Catal 14, 14744-14753, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c04115 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1029,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1029=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1029=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1029=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1029),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1029),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1029),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1029),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1029),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1029=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["AgNO3 doping of CuO particles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu2O-Ag-0.6","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?",{"$nulls":4},"?","?","?","CO2","?","-1200 mA/cm2",40,"Su, W., et al. (2021). \"Highly dispersive trace silver decorated Cu/Cu2O composites boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol.\" Journal of CO2 Utilization 52: 101698.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1031,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1031=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1031=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1031=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1031),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1031),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1031),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1031),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1031),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1031=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag/Cu catalysts were deposited by cosputtering with Cu and Ag targets ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag0.14/Cu0.86","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","?","-200 mA/cm2",40,"Li, Y. C., et al. (2019). \"Binding Site Diversity Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(21): 8584-8591.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1033,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1033=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1033=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1033=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1033),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1033),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1033),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1033),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1033),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1033=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag surface-mofied CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",40,"Xu, J. et al. Ag-Precipitated CuO Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Sustainability 16, 5888 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1035,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1035=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1035=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1035=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1035),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1035),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1035),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1035),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1035),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1035=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.48 V vs. RHE","-500 mA/cm2",40,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1037,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1037=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1037=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1037=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1037),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1037),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1037),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1037),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1037),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1037=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-1.2 V vs. RHE","?",40,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1039,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1039=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1039=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1039=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1039),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1039),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1039),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1039),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1039),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1039=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Synthesis of Cu2O NCs doped by AgNO3, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","dCu2O/Ag1.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-2.1 V vs. RHE","800 mA/cm2",39,"Wang, P., et al. (2022). \"Boosting electrocatalytic CO2–to–ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling.\" Nature Communications 13(1): 3754.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1041,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1041=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1041=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1041=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1041),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1041),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1041),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1041),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1041),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1041=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag-doped (4 wt%, XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",37,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1043,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1043=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1043=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1043=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1043),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1043),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1043),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1043),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1043),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1043=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Ag−Cu NDs were synthesized using a seed-mediated method, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1−Cu1.1 NDs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-1 mA/cm2",37,"Huang, J., et al. (2019). \"Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag–Cu Nanodimers.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(6): 2490-2499.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1045,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1045=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1045=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1045=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1045),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1045),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1045),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1045),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1045),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1045=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on Graphdiyne doped with Ag, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag–Cu/GDY","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion N-115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",36,"Zhu, Q., et al. (2023). \"Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products.\" Nanoscale 15(5): 2106-2113.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1047,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1047=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1047=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1047=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1047),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1047),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1047),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1047),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1047),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1047=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Synthesised Ag NPs were doped with copper acetate and PVP, on a GDL","Core shell, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu 10%","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 plated sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-375 mA/cm2",36,"Cai, Z., et al. (2023). \"Hierarchical Ag-Cu interfaces promote C-C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 325: 122310.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1049,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1049=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1049=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1049=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1049),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1049),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1049),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1049),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1049),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1049=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-Ag bimetallic catalysts by simultaneous galvanic replacement, on a glass carbon electrode","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg0.025 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","?",35,"Li, M., et al. (2023). \"Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol.\" Advanced Science 10(2): 2204579.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1051,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1051=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1051=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1051=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1051),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1051),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1051),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1051),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1051),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1051=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Mixed Ag/Cu-melamine complex, on carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ag","Nafion, melamine","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu_melamine","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",35,"Suliman, M. H. et al. CO2 electroreduction to C2 products on bimetallic silver copper melamine complexes. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 14, 100355, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100355 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1053,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1053=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1053=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1053=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1053),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1053),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1053),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1053),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1053),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1053=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Metal powder mixed and heated up to 2650 °C, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, C","Teflon","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu:Ag 0.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO","-2.3 V vs. SCE","-200 mA/cm2","34","Schwartz, M., et al. (1994). \"Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals.\" Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141(11): 3119.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1055,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1055=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1055=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1055=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1055),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1055),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1055),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1055),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1055),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1055=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Synthesis of CuO NPs followed by addition of AgOCOCF3 making core shell, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag0.1nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V vs. RHE","-110 mA/cm2",34,"Kuhn, A. N., et al. (2021). \"Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials.\" Advanced Functional Materials 31(26): 2101668.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1057,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1057=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1057=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1057=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1057),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1057),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1057),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1057),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1057),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1057=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Exchange of Ag+ ions from Cu nanosheets, on a glass carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CA-foil-20-40","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",34,"Li, J., et al. (2021). \"Copper sulfide as the cation exchange template for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.\" RSC Advances 11(39): 23948-23959.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1059,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1059=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1059=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1059=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1059),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1059),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1059),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1059),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1059),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1059=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag nanocrystals with copper overlayer, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B,","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu2O seg-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-102 mA/cm2",33,"Yu, F., et al. (2023). \"Multilayer-Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products.\" Small 19(38): 2301558.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1061,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1061=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1061=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1061=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1061),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1061),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1061),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1061),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1061),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1061=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrodeposited CuAgx on carbon support","Mixed-phae/Janus, A-supports-B, dendritic","Cu, Ag","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V vs. RHE","-11 mA/cm2",33,"Liu, H., et al. (2024). \"High-performance carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products on EDTA-modified Cu–Ag tandem catalyst.\" Journal of Catalysis 429: 115227.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1063,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1063=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1063=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1063=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1063),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1063),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1063),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1063),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1063),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1063=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Synthesized Ag nanowires were mixed with Cu(OAc)2 generating Ag@CuOx-X","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@CuOx-32","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-16 mA/cm2",32,"Chang, C.-J., et al. (2019). \"Quantitatively Unraveling the Redox Shuttle of Spontaneous Oxidation/Electroreduction of CuOx on Silver Nanowires Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.\" ACS Central Science 5(12): 1998-2009.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1065,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1065=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1065=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1065=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1065),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1065),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1065),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1065),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1065),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1065=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Self prepared  Cu np were doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution creating Ag shell","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag-2 NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-23 mA/cm2",32,"Zhang, S., et al. (2021). \"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward C2 Valuables on Cu@Ag Core-Shell Tandem Catalyst with Tunable Shell Thickness.\" Small 17(37): 2102293.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1067,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1067=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1067=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1067=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1067),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1067),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1067),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1067),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1067),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1067=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag NPs (25 wt%) anchored on Cu NWs with a 4, 4’-bipyridine linker, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",32,"Gao, X. et al. Intermediate-regulated dynamic restructuring at Ag-Cu biphasic interface enables selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ fuels. Nature Communications 15, 10331, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1069,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1069=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1069=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1069=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1069),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1069),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1069),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1069),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1069),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1069=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-BTC doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ag/NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",31,"Zou, X., et al. (2023). \"Nitrogen-doped carbon confined Cu-Ag bimetals for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to high-order products.\" Chemical Engineering Journal 468: 143606.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1071,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1071=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1071=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1071=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1071),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1071),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1071),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1071),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1071),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1071=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ag2Cu2O3 synthesised from Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, on a GDL","Alloyed","Cu, Ag, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag2Cu2O3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M CsHCO3 ","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1 M CsHCO3 ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ti sheet coated with Ir-MMO","?",1,"CO","?","-200 mA/cm2",31,"Martić, N., et al. (2020). \"Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products.\" Energy & Environmental Science 13(9): 2993-3006.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1073,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1073=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1073=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1073=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1073),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1073),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1073),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1073),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1073),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1073=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1073,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["5 nm Ag layer sputter-deposited on Cu sputtered (100 nm) GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","CO2"," -2.82 V vs. ANODE","-200 mA/cm2",31,"Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk Layering Effects of Ag and Cu for Tandem CO2 Electrolysis. ChemSusChem n/a, e202401769, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401769.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1075,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1075=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1075=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1075=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1075),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1075),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1075),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1075),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1075),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1075=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1075,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Core shell, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu-20","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","Not found",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauge",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",30,"Chang, Z., et al. (2017). \"The Tunable and Highly Selective Reduction Products on Ag@Cu Bimetallic Catalysts Toward CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction.\" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121(21): 11368-11379.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1077,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1077=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1077=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1077=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1077),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1077),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1077),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1077),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1077),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1077=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1077,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Prepared by high-energy ball milling CuO particles with Ag powders, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OD)0.9Ag0.1","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVAGC Inc.","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO","-0.57 V vs. RHE","-133 mA/cm2","30","Li, J., et al. (2023). \"Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu–Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 698.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1079,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1079=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1079=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1079=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1079),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1079),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1079),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1079),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1079),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1079=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1079,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Alloyed by melting and cryogrinding, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?",null," ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",30,"Nellaiappan, S., et al. (2020). \"High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization.\" ACS Catalysis 10(6): 3658-3663.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1081,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1081=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1081=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1081=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1081),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1081),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1081),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1081),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1081),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1081=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1081,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu cubes were sythesised and then doped with AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-233 mA/cm2",30,"Niu, D., et al. (2021). \"Cu2O-Ag Tandem Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2 Products.\" Molecules 26(8): 2175.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1083,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1083=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1083=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1083=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1083),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1083),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1083),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1083),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1083),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1083=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1083,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Silicon wafers covered by Cu and Ag by reactive sputtering","Janus, two-phase","Cu, Ag, (Si)","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-sputter/Cu,Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",30,"Lum, Y. and J. W. Ager (2018). \"Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu.\" Energy & Environmental Science 11(10): 2935-2944.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1085,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1085=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1085=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1085=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1085),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1085),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1085),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1085),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1085),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1085=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1085,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["AgNO3 doping of CuO NP ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","10 Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V vs. RHE","-52 mA/cm2",29,"Kim, Y. E., et al. (2023). \"Ag decorated-Cu2O catalysts with enhanced selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2+ products.\" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5): 111028.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1087,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1087=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1087=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1087=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1087),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1087),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1087),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1087),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1087),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1087=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1087,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ag alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",28,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1089,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1089=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1089=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1089=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1089),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1089),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1089),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1089),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1089),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1089=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1089,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag alloy shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",28,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1091,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1091=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1091=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1091=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1091),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1091),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1091),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1091),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1091),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1091=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1091,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Ag-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1093,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1093=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1093=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1093=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1093),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1093),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1093),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1093),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1093),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1093=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1093,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Sytheses of NP with in AgNO3 and Cu(acac)2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","(AgCu)50-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",27,"Zha, J., et al. (2023). \"Surface Site-Specific Replacement for Catalysis Selectivity Switching.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15(3): 3985-3992.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1095,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1095=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1095=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1095=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1095),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1095),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1095),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1095),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1095),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1095=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1095,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu−Ag NCs synthesized by galvanic exchange of Cu(0) with Ag-trifluoroacetate (Ag-TFA), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Ag0.15/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","carbon cloth",25,"?","CO2","-1.13 V vs. RHE","-288 mA/cm2",26,"Choukroun, D., et al. (2021). \"Mapping Composition–Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu–Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction.\" ACS Nano 15(9): 14858-14872.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1097,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1097=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1097=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1097=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1097),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1097),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1097),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1097),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1097),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1097=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1097,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu9Ag1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.65 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",25,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1099,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1099=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1099=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1099=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1099),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1099),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1099),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1099),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1099),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1099=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1099,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu coated Ag core shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","PTFE powder","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag core / porous Cu shell","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V vs. RHE","-137 mA/cm2",23,"Junqueira, J. R. C., et al. (2021). \"Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" ChemElectroChem 8(24): 4848-4853.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1101,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1101=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1101=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1101=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1101),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1101),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1101),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1101),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1101),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1101=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1101,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Galvanic replacement from Cu to Ag to achieve in situ formation of CuAg ensembles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu9Ag1 NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",22,"Choi, C., et al. (2021). \"Intimate atomic Cu-Ag interfaces for high CO2RR selectivity towards CH4 at low over potential.\" Nano Research 14(10): 3497-3501.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1103,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1103=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1103=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1103=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1103),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1103),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1103),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1103),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1103),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1103=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1103,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu57Ag43_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-15 mA/cm2",13,"Wei, D., et al. (2023). \"Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Ag−Cu Bimetallic Surface Alloys for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62(19): e202217369.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1105,2))","v":13},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1105=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1105=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1105=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1105),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1105),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1105),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1105),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1105),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1105=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1105,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Ag,1Used current density and FE described in text to calculate total current, as opposed to figure (ca. 85 mA/cm2 vs. ca. 110 mA/cm2)"]
[]
["Table S16. Zr-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["ZrO2 supported on Cu-Cu2O NPs prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",63,"P.-P. Guo et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Green Chemistry 24, 1527-1533 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1115,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1115=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1115=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1115=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1115),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1115),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1115),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1115),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1115),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1115=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1115,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1115:Y1140,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1115:$Y$1140"}]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in a Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline, MOF","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","?: -1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-125\nmA/cm2",62,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1117,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1117=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1117=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1117=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1117),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1117),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1117),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1117),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1117),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1117=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-250\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1119,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1119=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1119=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1119=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1119),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1119),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1119),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1119),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1119),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1119=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":10}]
[]
["(SAA, ca. 2 at.%) Zr-doped Cu NPs mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zr-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-730\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic Electroconversion of CO2-to-n-Propanol Over Atomically Dispersed Lewis Acid Zr-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2418727, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418727.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1121,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1121=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1121=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1121=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1121),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1121),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1121),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1121),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1121),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1121=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":13}]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1123,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1123=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1123=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1123=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1123),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1123),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1123),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1123),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1123),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1123=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1125,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1125=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1125=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1125=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1125),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1125),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1125),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1125),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1125),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1125=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":6}]
[]
["Porous ZrO2 layer on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",44,"X. Li et al., Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes. Chem 8, 2148-2162 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1127,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1127=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1127=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1127=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1127),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1127),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1127),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1127),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1127),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1127=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Porous ZrO2 layer prepared via decomposition of  UiO‑66 (Zr-based MOF, 0.25 mg/cm2), on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Li et al., Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 14, 134 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1129,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1129=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1129=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1129=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1129),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1129),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1129),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1129),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1129),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1129=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["CuO NPs mixed with amorphous ZrO2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph-ZrO2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Pt-Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",36,"Kim, D., Yun, H., Kim, J., Lee, C. W. & Hwang, Y. J. Enhanced C–C coupling of Cu-based catalysts via zirconia-driven carbonate interaction for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 23780-23788, doi:10.1039/D4TA04707A (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1131,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1131=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1131=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1131=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1131),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1131),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1131),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1131),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1131),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1131=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Cu impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",34,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1133,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1133=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1133=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1133=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1133),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1133),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1133),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1133),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1133),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1133=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1116),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Zr(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",17,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1135,2))","v":17},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1135=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1135=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1135=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1135),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1135),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1135),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1135),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1135),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1135=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1135,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:1/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-102\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1137,2))","v":15},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1137=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1137=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1137=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1137),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1137),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1137),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1137),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1137),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1137=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1137,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1139,2))","v":15},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1139=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1139=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1139=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1139),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1139),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1139),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1139),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1139),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1139=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1139,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S17. Hf-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1148,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1148=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1148=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1148=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1148),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1148),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1148),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1148),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1148),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1148=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1148,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1148:Y1157,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1148:$Y$1157"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1150,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1150=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1150=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1150=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1150),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1150),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1150),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1150),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1150),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1150=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1152,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1152=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1152=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1152=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1152),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1152),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1152),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1152),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1152),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1152=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":3},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["Hf-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Hf, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hf/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",42,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1154,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1154=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1154=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1154=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1154),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1154),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1154),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1154),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1154),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1154=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":5},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
["Alloy/mixed metal Hf/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Hf","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Hf-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",13,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1156,2))","v":13},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1156=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1156=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1156=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1156),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1156),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1156),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1156),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1156),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1156=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1156,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1149),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":3}]
["Table S18. Ti-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Single atom Cu supported on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, C, Ti","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC_Ti3C2Tx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",71,"H. Bao et al., Isolated copper single sites for high-performance electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 12, 238 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1165,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1165=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1165=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1165=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1165),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1165),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1165),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1165),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1165),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1165=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1165,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range",null,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1165:Y1180,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1165:$Y$1180"},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":3}]
["Electroplated Cu on metallic Ti nanotube-functionalized Ti foil","A-supports-B","Cu, Ti","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ti_NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-12\nmA/cm2",55,"A. Stalinraja et al., Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu doped titanium nanotubes—An insight on ethylene selectivity. Electrochimica Acta 431, 141078 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1167,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1167=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1167=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1167=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1167),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1167),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1167),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1167),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1167),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1167=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["TiO2/sustainion toplayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/Sustainion/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",10,"CO2","-3.00 V\nvs. ANODE","-261\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Xu et al., Oxygen-tolerant electroproduction of C2 products from simulated flue gas. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 554-561 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1169,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1169=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1169=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1169=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1169),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1169),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1169),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1169),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1169),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1169=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":7},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":2}]
[]
["Cu nanoclusters encapsulated in Ti-based MOF, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",48,"Fan, X. et al. Biomimetic Cu4 Cluster Encapsulated within Hollow Titanium-Oxo Nanoring for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS Materials Letters 5, 1527-1531, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00101 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1171,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1171=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1171=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1171=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1171),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1171),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1171),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1171),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1171),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1171=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems",null,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":8},null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":0}]
["TiO2 NP overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1173,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1173=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1173=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1173=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1173),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1173),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1173),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1173),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1173),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1173=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu NPs (40 wt%) supported on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 nanoflakes, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti407","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",31,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1175,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1175=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1175=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1175=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1175),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1175),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1175),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1175),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1175),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1175=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1175,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1166),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on TiO2 NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/TiO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-116\nmA/cm2",29,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1177,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1177=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1177=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1177=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1177),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1177),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1177),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1177),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1177),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1177=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1177,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["TiO2 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",15,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1179,2))","v":15},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1179=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1179=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1179=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1179),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1179),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1179),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1179),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1179),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1179=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1179,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S19. Si-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on \"GDE\"","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",82,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1188,2))","v":82},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1188=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1188=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1188=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1188),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1188),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1188),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1188),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1188),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1188=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1188,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1188:Y1225,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1188:$Y$1225"}]
["Homogeneously dispersed Si(II)Ox clusters with Cu NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Aquivion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-331\nmA/cm2",65,"J. Li et al., Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nature Communications 12, 2808 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1190,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1190=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1190=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1190=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1190),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1190),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1190),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1190),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1190),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1190=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",56,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1192,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1192=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1192=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1192=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1192),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1192),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1192),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1192),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1192),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1192=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":15}]
[]
["Core/shell system comprising Cu2O NPs (ca. 200 nm) with an SiO2 shell (15 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2-shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",54,"Wang, Y. et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2404606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404606.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1194,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1194=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1194=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1194=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1194),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1194),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1194),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1194),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1194),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1194=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":19}]
["Cu NPs supported in/on fibrous SiO2 nanospheres (500 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx-fibrous/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",53,"Z. Yang et al., High dispersion dendritic fibrous morphology nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 650, 1446-1456 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1196,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1196=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1196=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1196=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1196),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1196),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1196),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1196),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1196),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1196=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on carbon paper","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1198,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1198=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1198=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1198=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1198),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1198),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1198),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1198),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1198),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1198=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":5}]
[]
["Small CuO NPs (<5 nm) dispersed on (amorphous) CuSiO3 lamella, mixed with Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx_NSs/CuO_NPs/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Yuan et al., Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angewandte Chemie 133, 15472-15475 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1200,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1200=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1200=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1200=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1200),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1200),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1200),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1200),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1200=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["SiO2 NPs supported on Cu2O NCs through physical mixing (10:2 mL basis), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",47,"T. Zhao et al., Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu2O with SiO2 to Enhance C2+ Product Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 13, 4444-4453 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1202,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1202=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1202=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1202=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1202),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1202),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1202),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1202),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1202),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1202=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Branched/’spikey’, amorphous sub-micron SiOx particles decorated with amorphous CuO NPs (18.52 wt%), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",46,"R. Yang et al., Amorphous urchin-like copper@nanosilica hybrid for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 61, 290-296 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1204,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1204=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1204=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1204=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1204),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1204),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1204),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1204),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1204),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1204=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs with a hydrophobic polymer coating consisting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hydrophobic/Si/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-Grade 50 RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.81 V\nvs. ANODE","-450\nmA/cm2",42,"T. Zhao et al., Functionalizing Cu nanoparticles with fluoric polymer to enhance C2+ product selectivity in membraned CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 340, 123281 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1206,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1206=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1206=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1206=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1206),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1206),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1206),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1206),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1206),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1206=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1189),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
["CuSiO3 nanotube-assembled hollow spheres, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_spheres","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",41,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1208,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1208=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1208=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1208=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1208),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1208),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1208),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1208),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1208),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1208=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Carbon/graphite toplayer on Cu2O dodecahedron NPs with a NH2-functionalized SiO2 shell supported on carbon midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O, N, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Si-NH2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh (1500 mesh)","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-292\nmA/cm2",40,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., SiO2 assisted Cu0–Cu+–NH2 composite interfaces for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 1218-1232 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1210,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1210=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1210=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1210=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1210),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1210),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1210),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1210),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1210),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1210=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1212,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1212=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1212=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1212=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1212),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1212),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1212),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1212),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1212),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1212=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1214,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1214=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1214=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1214=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1214),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1214),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1214),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1214),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1214),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1214=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["H2-annealed Cu-doped SiOx NPs (thermal treatment results in Cu aggregation), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx/SiO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"X. Tan et al., Stabilizing Copper by a Reconstruction-Resistant Atomic Cu–O–Si Interface for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8656-8664 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1216,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1216=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1216=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1216=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1216),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1216),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1216),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1216),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1216),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1216=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",35,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1218,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1218=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1218=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1218=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1218),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1218),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1218),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1218),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1218),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1218=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell (3.4 nm) around Cu NP core (<90 nm) (1% Si), on GDL","Core/Shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.2 V\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",35,"M. Wang et al., Hydrophobic SiO2 Armor: Stabilizing Cuδ+ to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS Nano,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1220,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1220=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1220=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1220=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1220),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1220),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1220),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1220),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1220),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1220=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuSiO3 long nanotubes, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_nanotubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-19\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1222,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1222=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1222=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1222=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1222),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1222),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1222),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1222),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1222),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1222=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1222,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuOx impregnated in mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) mixed with PTFE, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","mesoporous-SiO2/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fuma FAA-PK-13","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",28,"Cheng, L. et al. Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Performance through Si-Doped CuO: Stabilization of Cu+/Cu0 Sites and Improved C2 Product Selectivity. ACS Catal 14, 10324-10333, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c01961 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1224,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1224=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1224=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1224=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1224),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1224),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1224),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1224),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1224),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1224=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1224,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S20. Ce-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-110\nmA/cm2",78,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1233,2))","v":78},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1233=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1233=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1233=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1233),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1233),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1233),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1233),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1233),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1233=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1233,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1233:Y1298,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1233:$Y$1298"}]
["Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",70,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1235,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1235=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1235=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1235=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1235),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1235),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1235),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1235),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1235),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1235=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs (Cu:Ce ratio of 7:1), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-600\nmA/cm2",64,"Yang, S., Sun, F., Cao, R. & Cao, M. Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07887J (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1237,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1237=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1237=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1237=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1237),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1237),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1237),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1237),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1237),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1237=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":31}]
[]
["CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",58,"Chang, F. et al. Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO2/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction. Carbon Energy n/a, e588, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.588.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1239,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1239=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1239=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1239=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1239),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1239),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1239),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1239),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1239),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1239=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":33}]
["CuO NPs supported on Cu-doped CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion membrane\"","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo alloy","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"S. Hong et al., Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control. Advanced Materials 35, 2208996 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1241,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1241=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1241=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1241=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1241),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1241),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1241),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1241),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1241),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1241=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Mixed-phase CuOx/CeO2 NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni net","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Shan et al., Effective CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4 boosted by Ce-doped Cu nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133769 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1243,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1243=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1243=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1243=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1243),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1243),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1243),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1243),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1243),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1243=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":12}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on ceria for enhanced ethylene selectivity during electrochemical reduction of CO2. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 17244-17250 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1245,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1245=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1245=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1245=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1245),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1245),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1245),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1245),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1245),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1245=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":1}]
["CuOx overlayer on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/CeO2_NR-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.16 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Chu et al., Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via strong metal-support interaction. Green Energy & Environment 7, 792-798 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1247,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1247=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1247=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1247=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1247),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1247),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1247),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1247),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1247),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1247=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["CuOx/CeOx mixed-phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuO_NPs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Chu et al., Stabilization of Cu+ by tuning a CuO–CeO2 interface for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6540-6546 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1249,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1249=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1249=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1249=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1249),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1249),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1249),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1249),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1249),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1249=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":5}]
[]
["CeO2 quantum dots (3 nm) supported on irregularly shaped CuO NPs (200 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-QD/CuO_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Wang et al., Efficiently Electroreducing CO2 to Ethylene on Heterostructured CeO2/CuO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61, 16445-16452 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1251,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1251=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1251=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1251=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1251),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1251),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1251),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1251),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1251),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1251=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1234),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
["Mixed CuO/CeO2 NPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NP/CuO_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",50,"C. W. Lee et al., Metal–Oxide Interfaces for Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2241-2248 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1253,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1253=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1253=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1253=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1253),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1253),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1253),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1253),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1253),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1253=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-doped CeOx nanorods, on glassy carbon - prepared via deposition-precipitation method and subsequent annealing step","Alloyed/Doped","Ce, O, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"D. Wu et al., Cuprous ions embedded in ceria lattice for selective and stable electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 9373-9377 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1255,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1255=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1255=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1255=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1255),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1255),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1255),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1255),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1255),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1255=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CeO2 NPs (5 nm) supported on CuO NPs, on PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1214\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Yan et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on CeO2 modified CuO. Chemical Science 12, 6638-6645 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1257,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1257=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1257=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1257=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1257),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1257),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1257),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1257),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1257),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1257=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NSs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",45,"H.-D. Cai et al., Tuning the Interactions in CuO Nanosheet-Decorated CeO2 Nanorods for Controlling the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methane or Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, 7259-7267 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1259,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1259=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1259=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1259=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1259),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1259),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1259),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1259),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1259),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1259=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O nanocubes with a tensile-strained CeO2/Cu shell, on GDL","Core/shell, mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-CuOx_SHELL/Cu2O_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.43 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,"H. Wang et al., Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products. ACS Nano 17, 346-354 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1261,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1261=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1261=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1261=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1261),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1261),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1261),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1261),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1261),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1261=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrafine (<10 nm) CuOx/CeOx composite NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",44,"Bandal, H. A., Dabaro, M. D. & Kim, H. Boosting selectivity for multi-carbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction via enhanced hydroxide adsorption in ultrafine CuOx/CeOx nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12, 114445, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114445 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1263,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1263=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1263=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1263=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1263),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1263),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1263),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1263),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1263),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1263=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Mixed-phase CeO2/CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1  M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Fang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products via Oxygen-rich Vacancies and Ce4+−O2−−Cu+ Structure in Cu/CeO2 for Stabilizing Cu+. ChemCatChem n/a, e202301266 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1265,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1265=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1265=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1265=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1265),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1265),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1265),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1265),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1265),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1265=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Small Cu NPs supported on Cu-doped CeOx NRs, mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu,CeOx/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-610\nmA/cm2",40,"Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Yang, J. & Kuang, M. Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 20115-20120, doi:10.1039/D4TA01808G (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1267,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1267=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1267=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1267=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1267),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1267),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1267),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1267),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1267),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1267=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ce(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1269,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1269=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1269=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1269=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1269),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1269),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1269),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1269),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1269),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1269=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs (5 nm) supported on rod-shaped CeO2 particles, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-rod/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",39,"X. L. Senlin Chu, Alex W. Robertson, Zhenyu Sun, Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene over CeO2-Supported Cu Nanoparticles: Effect of Exposed Facets of CeO2. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 37, 2009023- (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1271,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1271=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1271=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1271=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1271),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1271),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1271),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1271),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1271),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1271=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CeO2 NPs  overlayer interfaced with CuOx layer, on Cu foil - prepared via drop-casting and drying at 110 C","Overlayer","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2-overlayer/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",38,"Z. Zhao, X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, H. B. Wu, CeO2-modified Cu electrode for efficient CO2 electroreduction to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 54, 101741 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1273,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1273=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1273=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1273=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1273),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1273),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1273),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1273),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1273),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1273=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods on glassy carbon - prepared via galvanic displacement of lithiated CeO2 rods","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Yin et al., Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering. ACS Catal 12, 1004-1011 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1275,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1275=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1275=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1275=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1275),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1275),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1275),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1275),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1275),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1275=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on \"3D spherical CeO2\" with many oxygen vacancies (Cu:Ce of 7:3), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO/CeO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",37,"Yang, Z. et al. Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 495, 153506, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153506 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1277,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1277=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1277=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1277=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1277),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1277),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1277),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1277),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1277),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1277=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu2S-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, S, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu2S/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-230†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",32,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1279,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1279=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1279=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1279=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1279),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1279),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1279),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1279),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1279),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1279=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1279,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/CeOx bi-phasic heterodimers (24 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ce(OH)x-Janus_like/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",31,"S. B. Varandili et al., Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 9, 5035-5046 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1281,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1281=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1281=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1281=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1281),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1281),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1281),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1281),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1281),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1281=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1281,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Few-atom thick Cu shell on CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_SHELL/CeO2_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"T. Yang et al., Interfacial Synergy between the Cu Atomic Layer and CeO2 Promotes CO Electrocoupling to Acetate. ACS Nano 17, 8521-8529 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1283,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1283=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1283=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1283=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1283),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1283),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1283),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1283),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1283),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1283=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1283,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO NPs (30 nm) supported on CeO2 NCs (230 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NP/CeO2_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",31,"Tian, Y. et al. Membrane-free Electrocatalysis of CO2 to C2 on CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Frontiers in Chemistry 10, doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.915759 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1285,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1285=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1285=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1285=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1285),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1285),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1285),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1285),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1285),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1285=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1285,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-161†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1287,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1287=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1287=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1287=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1287),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1287),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1287),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1287),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1287),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1287=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1287,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["(Single atomic) Cu-doped (\"4%\") CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Single atom, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/CeO2_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",30,"Wang, Y. et al. Single-Atomic Cu with Multiple Oxygen Vacancies on Ceria for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4. ACS Catal 8, 7113-7119, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01014 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1289,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1289=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1289=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1289=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1289),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1289),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1289),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1289),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1289),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1289=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1289,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/CeOx NPs with oxygen vacancies prepared via N2H4 as a reducing agent, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","? -16\nmA/cm2",29,"Xue, L. et al. Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 100, 66-76, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.025 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1291,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1291=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1291=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1291=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1291),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1291),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1291),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1291),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1291),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1291=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1291,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Ce4+- (ion, not oxide) doped CuO NPs (100 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce4+-doped/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Ce,1","Y. Sun et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 via Unconventional Hybridization: High-Order Ce4+ 4f and O 2p Interaction in Ce-Cu2O for Stabilizing Cu+. ACS Nano 17, 13974-13984 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1293,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1293=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1293=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1293=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1293),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1293),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1293),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1293),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1293),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1293=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1293,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on hollow CeO2 NCs (CeO2:Cu = 1:4), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/hollow-CeO2_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V\nvs. RHE","?",25,"Wang, Y. et al. Cerium Dioxide-Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products. ChemSusChem n/a, e202402097, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402097.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1295,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1295=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1295=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1295=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1295),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1295),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1295),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1295),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1295),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1295=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1295,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuOx NPs supported on CeO2 NRs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt \"flake\"","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",25,"Deng, Q. et al. Revealing the construction of CuOCe interfacial sites via increased support utilization for enhanced CO2 electroreduction and Li-CO2 batteries. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 651, 883-893, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.054 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1297,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1297=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1297=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1297=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1297),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1297),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1297),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1297),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1297),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1297=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1297,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Ce,1Conflicting information (main text vs. figure) in document, report here number given in main text"]
["†_Cu-Ce,2Text and figure information does not match, report here the numbers provided in the text"]
[]
["Table S21. Eu/Gd/La/Nd/Pr/Sm-based Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1308,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1308=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1308=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1308=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1308),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1308),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1308),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1308),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1308),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1308=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1308,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1308:Y1343,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1308:$Y$1343"}]
["In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1310,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1310=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1310=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1310=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1310),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1310),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1310),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1310),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1310),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1310=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Nd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1312,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1312=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1312=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1312=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1312),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1312),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1312),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1312),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1312),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1312=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":12}]
[]
["\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1314,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1314=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1314=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1314=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1314),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1314),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1314),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1314),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1314),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1314=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":18}]
["CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1316,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1316=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1316=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1316=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1316),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1316),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1316),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1316),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1316),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1316=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1318,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1318=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1318=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1318=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1318),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1318),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1318),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1318),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1318),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1318=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":7}]
[]
["La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1320,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1320=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1320=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1320=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1320),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1320),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1320),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1320),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1320),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1320=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":0}]
["Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, single atom","Cu, Gd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1322,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1322=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1322=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1322=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1322),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1322),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1322),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1322),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1322),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1322=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1324,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1324=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1324=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1324=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1324),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1324),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1324),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1324),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1324),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1324=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":2}]
[]
["La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1326,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1326=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1326=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1326=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1326),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1326),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1326),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1326),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1326),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1326=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1309),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":0}]
["CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Eu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1328,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1328=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1328=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1328=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1328),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1328),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1328),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1328),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1328=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1","Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1330,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1330=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1330=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1330=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1330),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1330),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1330),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1330),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1330),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1330=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1332,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1332=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1332=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1332=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1332),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1332),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1332),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1332),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1332),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1332=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1332,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Er, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1334,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1334=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1334=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1334=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1334),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1334),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1334),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1334),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1334),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1334=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1334,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"X37-50 anion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1336,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1336=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1336=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1336=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1336),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1336),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1336),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1336),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1336),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1336=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1336,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Tb, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1338,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1338=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1338=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1338=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1338),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1338),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1338),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1338),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1338),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1338=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1338,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pr, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1340,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1340=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1340=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1340=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1340),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1340),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1340),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1340),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1340),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1340=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1340,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1342,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1342=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1342=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1342=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1342),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1342),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1342),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1342),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1342),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1342=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1342,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)"]
[]
["Table S22. C-based Cu","(switched tables 22 and 23)"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1352,2))","v":81},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1352=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1352=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1352=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1352),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1352),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1352),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1352),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1352),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1352=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1352,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1352:Y1615,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1352:$Y$1615"}]
["Cu2O NPs supported on CNTs modified with Cu-based COF, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-COF/CNTs/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",71,"He, Q. et al. Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual-Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic-Tandem Strategy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202407090, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407090 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1354,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1354=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1354=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1354=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1354),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1354),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1354),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1354),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1354),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1354=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1356,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1356=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1356=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1356=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1356),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1356),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1356),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1356),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1356),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1356=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":116}]
[]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1358,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1358=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1358=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1358=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1358),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1358),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1358),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1358),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1358),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1358=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":132}]
["In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Activated/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1360,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1360=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1360=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1360=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1360),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1360),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1360),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1360),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1360),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1360=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt\"","2†_Cu-C-supported,3","?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1362,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1362=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1362=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1362=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1362),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1362),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1362),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1362),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1362),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1362=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":39}]
[]
["Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode","TMC, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1364,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1364=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1364=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1364=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1364),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1364),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1364),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1364),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1364),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1364=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":9}]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1366,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1366=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1366=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1366=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1366),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1366),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1366),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1366),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1366),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1366=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1368,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1368=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1368=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1368=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1368),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1368),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1368),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1368),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1368),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1368=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":34}]
[]
["Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1370,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1370=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1370=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1370=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1370),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1370),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1370),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1370),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1370),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1370=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1353),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":14}]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1372,2))","v":64},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1372=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1372=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1372=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1372),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1372),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1372),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1372),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1372),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1372=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1374,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1374=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1374=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1374=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1374),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1374),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1374),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1374),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1374),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1374=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1376,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1376=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1376=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1376=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1376),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1376),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1376),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1376),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1376),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1376=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["In-situ generated Cu NPs from 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based Cu-TMC, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-1.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",62,"Kim, D. et al. Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 27701-27712, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c09230 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1378,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1378=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1378=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1378=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1378),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1378),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1378),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1378),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1378),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1378=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1380,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1380=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1380=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1380=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1380),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1380),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1380),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1380),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1380),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1380=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1382,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1382=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1382=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1382=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1382),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1382),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1382),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1382),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1382),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1382=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from reconstruction of Cu-tannic acid NSs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.16 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",61,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1384,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1384=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1384=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1384=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1384),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1384),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1384),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1384),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1384),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1384=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-208\nmA/cm2",61,"Cao, Y. et al. Stimulating the C−C coupling ability of ultrafine copper nanoclusters via nitrogen coordination for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124704, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124704 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1386,2))","v":61},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1386=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1386=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1386=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1386),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1386),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1386),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1386),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1386),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1386=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1388,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1388=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1388=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1388=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1388),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1388),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1388),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1388),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1388),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1388=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1390,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1390=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1390=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1390=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1390),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1390),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1390),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1390),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1390),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1390=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C, N, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1392,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1392=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1392=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1392=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1392),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1392),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1392),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1392),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1392=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1394,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1394=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1394=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1394=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1394),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1394),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1394),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1394),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1394),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1394=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1396,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1396=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1396=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1396=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1396),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1396),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1396),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1396),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1396),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1396=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1398,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1398=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1398=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1398=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1398),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1398),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1398),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1398),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1398),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1398=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1400,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1400=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1400=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1400=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1400),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1400),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1400),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1400),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1400),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1400=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1","R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1402,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1402=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1402=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1402=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1402),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1402),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1402),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1402),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1402),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1402=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1404,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1404=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1404=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1404=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1404),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1404),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1404),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1404),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1404),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1404=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1406,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1406=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1406=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1406=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1406),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1406),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1406),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1406),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1406),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1406=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1408,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1408=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1408=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1408=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1408),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1408),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1408),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1408),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1408),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1408=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1410,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1410=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1410=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1410=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1410),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1410),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1410),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1410),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1410),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1410=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1412,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1412=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1412=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1412=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1412),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1412),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1412),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1412),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1412),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1412=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O, Br","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Br-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1414,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1414=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1414=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1414=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1414),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1414),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1414),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1414),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1414),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1414=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1416,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1416=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1416=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1416=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1416),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1416),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1416),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1416),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1416),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1416=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1416,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1}]
[]
["Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","MOF","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1418,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1418=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1418=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1418=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1418),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1418),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1418),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1418),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1418),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1418=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6","N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1420,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1420=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1420=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1420=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1420),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1420),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1420),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1420),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1420),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1420=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["C-doped (\"6%\") CuOX NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",54,"Dong, X. et al. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with ampere-level current on carbon-modified copper catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 41, 100024, doi:https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1422,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1422=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1422=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1422=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1422),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1422),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1422),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1422),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1422),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1422=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_MOF-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1424,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1424=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1424=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1424=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1424),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1424),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1424),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1424),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1424),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1424=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, carbon shell","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-carbon_Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1426,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1426=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1426=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1426=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1426),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1426),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1426),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1426),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1426),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1426=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1428,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1428=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1428=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1428=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1428),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1428),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1428),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1428),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1428),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1428=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1430,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1430=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1430=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1430=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1430),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1430),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1430),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1430),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1430),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1430=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1432,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1432=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1432=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1432=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1432),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1432),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1432),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1432),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1432),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1432=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1434,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1434=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1434=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1434=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1434),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1434),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1434),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1434),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1434),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1434=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1436,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1436=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1436=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1436=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1436),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1436),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1436),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1436),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1436),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1436=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOx NPs prepared through thermal reduction of Cu(acac)2-oleylamine complex, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Oleylamine/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-360\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with Cu-oleylamine based nanoparticles synthesized by simple thermal treatment. Fuel 348, 128498 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1438,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1438=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1438=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1438=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1438),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1438),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1438),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1438),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1438),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1438=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Dual-site single atom copper on N-doped carbon derived from pyrolysis of Cu-impregnated MOF, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-SAC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",52,"Heng, J.-M., Zhu, H.-L., Zhao, Z.-H., Liao, P.-Q. & Chen, X.-M. Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions. Advanced Materials n/a, 2415101, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415101.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1440,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1440=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1440=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1440=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1440),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1440),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1440),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1440),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1440),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1440=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1442,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1442=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1442=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1442=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1442),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1442),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1442),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1442),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1442),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1442=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1444,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1444=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1444=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1444=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1444),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1444),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1444),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1444),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1444),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1444=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrTaOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1446,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1446=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1446=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1446=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1446),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1446),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1446),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1446),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1446),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1446=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1448,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1448=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1448=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1448=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1448),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1448),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1448),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1448),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1448),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1448=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs encapsulated in cub mesoporous carbon (CMK-8), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CMK-8/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",51,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1450,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1450=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1450=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1450=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1450),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1450),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1450),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1450),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1450),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1450=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1452,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1452=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1452=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1452=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1452),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1452),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1452),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1452),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1452),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1452=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)","MOF, supported","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1454,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1454=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1454=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1454=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1454),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1454),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1454),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1454),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1454),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1454=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL","Supported","Cu","Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1456,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1456=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1456=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1456=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1456),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1456),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1456),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1456),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1456=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1458,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1458=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1458=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1458=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1458),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1458),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1458),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1458),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1458),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1458=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1460,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1460=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1460=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1460=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1460),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1460),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1460),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1460),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1460),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1460=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-2DMOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",50,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1462,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1462=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1462=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1462=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1462),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1462),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1462),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1462),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1462),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1462=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Azolate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1464,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1464=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1464=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1464=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1464),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1464),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1464),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1464),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1464),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1464=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1466,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1466=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1466=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1466=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1466),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1466),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1466),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1466),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1466),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1466=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1468,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1468=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1468=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1468=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1468),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1468),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1468),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1468),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1468),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1468=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1470,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1470=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1470=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1470=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1470),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1470),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1470),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1470),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1470),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1470=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1472,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1472=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1472=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1472=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1472),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1472),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1472),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1472),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1472),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1472=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1474,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1474=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1474=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1474=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1474),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1474),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1474),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1474),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1474),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1474=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1476,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1476=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1476=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1476=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1476),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1476),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1476),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1476),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1476),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1476=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1478,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1478=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1478=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1478=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1478),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1478),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1478),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1478),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1478),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1478=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1480,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1480=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1480=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1480=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1480),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1480),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1480),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1480),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1480),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1480=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1480,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PFRC/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-1268\nmA/cm2",47,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1482,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1482=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1482=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1482=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1482),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1482),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1482),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1482),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1482),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1482=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL","Supported [on Cu]","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1484,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1484=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1484=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1484=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1484),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1484),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1484),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1484),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1484),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1484=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Vulcan XC-72/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,"?","CO2"," -1.65 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1486,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1486=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1486=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1486=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1486),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1486),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1486),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1486),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1486),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1486=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["N-doped carbon quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/carbon-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1488,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1488=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1488=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1488=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1488),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1488),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1488),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1488),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1488),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1488=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1490,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1490=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1490=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1490=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1490),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1490),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1490),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1490),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1490),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1490=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Self-assembling Cu-TMC (Bis(triphenylphosphine) Cu(I) nitrate) nanorods supported on XC-72R, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TMC_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-0.96 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Wang et al., Molecular Assembled Electrocatalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Fixation to C2+ Products. ACS Nano 16, 17021-17032 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1492,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1492=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1492=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1492=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1492),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1492),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1492),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1492),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1492),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1492=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Distorted/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1494,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1494=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1494=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1494=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1494),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1494),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1494),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1494),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1494),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1494=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF-derived/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1496,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1496=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1496=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1496=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1496),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1496),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1496),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1496),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1496),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1496=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDL","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1498,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1498=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1498=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1498=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1498),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1498),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1498),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1498),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1498),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1498=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on VXC-72r, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","VXC-72r/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.66 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1500,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1500=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1500=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1500=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1500),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1500),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1500),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1500),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1500),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1500=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",44,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1502,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1502=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1502=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1502=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1502),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1502),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1502),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1502),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1502),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1502=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","π-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1504,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1504=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1504=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1504=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1504),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1504),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1504),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1504),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1504),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1504=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1506,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1506=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1506=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1506=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1506),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1506),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1506),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1506),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1506),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1506=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuBaCO3 NPs supported on MWCNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, Ba, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MWCNT/CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1508,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1508=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1508=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1508=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1508),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1508),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1508),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1508),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1508),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1508=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell_N/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1510,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1510=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1510=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1510=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1510),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1510),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1510),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1510),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1510),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1510=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1512,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1512=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1512=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1512=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1512),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1512),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1512),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1512),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1512),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1512=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech\nFAA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1514,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1514=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1514=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1514=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1514),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1514),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1514),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1514),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1514),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1514=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Binuclear Cu phenanthroline TMC mixed with graphite powder, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",42,"N. Liu et al., Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Advanced Materials n/a, 2309526.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1516,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1516=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1516=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1516=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1516),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1516),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1516),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1516),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1516),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1516=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1518,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1518=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1518=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1518=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1518),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1518),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1518),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1518),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1518),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1518=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, O, C, N","C3N4","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1520,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1520=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1520=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1520=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1520),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1520),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1520),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1520),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1520=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu-TMC (Copper(II) meso -tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) NSs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",41,"M. Sun, Z. Tao, X. Xu, S. Min, L. Kang, Effect of morphology and structure of CuTCPP nanomaterials on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane and ethylene. Applied Catalysis A: General 666, 119406 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1522,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1522=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1522=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1522=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1522),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1522),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1522),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1522),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1522),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1522=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA–3","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1524,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1524=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1524=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1524=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1524),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1524),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1524),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1524),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1524),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1524=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1526,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1526=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1526=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1526=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1526),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1526),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1526),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1526),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1526),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1526=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1","Core/shell","Cu, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1528,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1528=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1528=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1528=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1528),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1528),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1528),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1528),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1528),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1528=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE","Supported","Cu, C","Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu","?","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1530,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1530=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1530=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1530=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1530),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1530),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1530),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1530),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1530),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1530=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1532,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1532=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1532=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1532=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1532),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1532),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1532),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1532),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1532),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1532=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt grid","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1534,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1534=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1534=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1534=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1534),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1534),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1534),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1534),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1534),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1534=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1536,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1536=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1536=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1536=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1536),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1536),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1536),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1536),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1536),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1536=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 424","(CEM)","3 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1538,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1538=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1538=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1538=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1538),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1538),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1538),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1538),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1538),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1538=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL",25,1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1540,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1540=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1540=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1540=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1540),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1540),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1540),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1540),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1540),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1540=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper","Supported, SAC","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1542,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1542=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1542=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1542=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1542),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1542),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1542),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1542),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1542),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1542=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1544,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1544=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1544=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1544=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1544),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1544),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1544),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1544),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1544),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1544=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1544,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1546,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1546=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1546=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1546=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1546),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1546),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1546),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1546),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1546),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1546=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Post-annealed, electrodeposited Cu2O MPs \"supported on\" roughened N-doped graphite paper","Supported","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/N-graphite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",35,"Yan, Z. et al. The in situ growth of Cu2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, 6742-6749, doi:10.1039/D1CY01099A (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1548,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1548=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1548=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1548=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1548),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1548),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1548),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1548),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1548),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1548=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["N-doped graphene quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/graphene-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-348\nmA/cm2",35,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1550,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1550=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1550=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1550=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1550),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1550),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1550),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1550),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1550),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1550=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C","Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1552,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1552=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1552=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1552=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1552),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1552),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1552),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1552),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1552),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1552=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1554,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1554=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1554=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1554=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1554),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1554),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1554),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1554),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1554),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1554=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1556,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1556=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1556=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1556=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1556),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1556),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1556),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1556),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1556),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1556=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)","TMC, supported","Cu","[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Astom Co. ASE","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1558,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1558=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1558=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1558=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1558),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1558),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1558),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1558),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1558),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1558=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1560,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1560=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1560=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1560=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1560),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1560),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1560),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1560),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1560),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1560=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7","J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1562,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1562=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1562=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1562=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1562),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1562),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1562),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1562),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1562),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1562=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1564,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1564=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1564=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1564=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1564),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1564),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1564),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1564),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1564),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1564=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-dopedGO/Cu-NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1566,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1566=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1566=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1566=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1566),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1566),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1566),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1566),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1566),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1566=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1566,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1568,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1568=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1568=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1568=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1568),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1568),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1568),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1568),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1568),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1568=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1568,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL","?",1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1570,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1570=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1570=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1570=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1570),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1570),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1570),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1570),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1570),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1570=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1570,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1572,2))","v":32},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1572=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1572=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1572=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1572),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1572),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1572),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1572),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1572),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1572=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1572,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1574,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1574=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1574=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1574=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1574),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1574),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1574),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1574),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1574),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1574=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1574,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1576,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1576=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1576=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1576=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1576),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1576),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1576),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1576),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1576),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1576=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1576,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1578,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1578=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1578=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1578=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1578),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1578),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1578),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1578),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1578),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1578=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1578,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1580,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1580=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1580=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1580=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1580),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1580),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1580),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1580),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1580),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1580=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1580,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1582,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1582=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1582=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1582=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1582),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1582),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1582),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1582),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1582),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1582=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1582,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1584,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1584=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1584=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1584=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1584),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1584),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1584),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1584),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1584=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1584,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1586,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1586=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1586=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1586=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1586),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1586),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1586),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1586),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1586),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1586=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1586,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1588,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1588=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1588=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1588=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1588),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1588),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1588),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1588),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1588),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1588=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1588,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1590,2))","v":29},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1590=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1590=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1590=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1590),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1590),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1590),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1590),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1590),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1590=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1590,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Hydrogen annealed, Cu-MOF derived Cu NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1592,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1592=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1592=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1592=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1592),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1592),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1592),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1592),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1592),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1592=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1592,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1594,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1594=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1594=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1594=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1594),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1594),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1594),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1594),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1594),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1594=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1594,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper","Supported, MOF","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1596,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1596=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1596=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1596=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1596),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1596),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1596),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1596),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1596),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1596=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1596,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)","Supported, MOF","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1598,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1598=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1598=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1598=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1598),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1598),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1598),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1598),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1598),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1598=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1598,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh 100","?",1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1600,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1600=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1600=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1600=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1600),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1600),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1600),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1600),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1600),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1600=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1600,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1602,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1602=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1602=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1602=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1602),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1602),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1602),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1602),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1602),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1602=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1602,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1604,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1604=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1604=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1604=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1604),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1604),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1604),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1604),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1604),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1604=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1604,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1606,2))","v":19},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1606=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1606=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1606=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1606),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1606),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1606),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1606),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1606),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1606=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1606,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1608,2))","v":19},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1608=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1608=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1608=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1608),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1608),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1608),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1608),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1608),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1608=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1608,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1610,2))","v":15},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1610=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1610=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1610=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1610),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1610),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1610),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1610),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1610),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1610=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1610,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1612,2))","v":15},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1612=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1612=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1612=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1612),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1612),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1612),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1612),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1612),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1612=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1612,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1614,2))","v":12},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1614=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1614=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1614=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1614),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1614),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1614),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1614),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1614),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1614=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1614,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal"]
["†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density"]
[]
["Table 23. W/Sr/Se/Sc/Sb/Ru/Rh/Pt/Mo/Mn/In/Ge/Bi-based Cu",null,null,"(switched tables 22 and 23)"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1632,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1632=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1632=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1632=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1632),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1632),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1632),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1632),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1632),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1632=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1632,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1632:Y1697,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1632:$Y$1697"}]
["Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1634,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1634=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1634=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1634=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1634),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1634),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1634),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1634),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1634),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1634=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1636,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1636=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1636=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1636=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1636),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1636),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1636),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1636),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1636),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1636=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":26}]
[]
["Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1638,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1638=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1638=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1638=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1638),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1638),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1638),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1638),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1638),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1638=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":33}]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1640,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1640=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1640=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1640=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1640),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1640),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1640),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1640),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1640),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1640=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ge, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1642,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1642=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1642=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1642=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1642),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1642),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1642),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1642),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1642),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1642=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":16}]
[]
["Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon","Single atom","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1644,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1644=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1644=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1644=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1644),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1644),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1644),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1644),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1644),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1644=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":4}]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1646,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1646=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1646=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1646=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1646),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1646),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1646),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1646),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1646),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1646=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, W, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1648,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1648=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1648=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1648=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1648),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1648),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1648),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1648),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1648=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":1}]
[]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1650,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1650=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1650=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1650=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1650),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1650),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1650),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1650),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1650),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1650=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1633),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":0}]
["F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1652,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1652=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1652=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1652=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1652),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1652),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1652),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1652),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1652),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1652=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1654,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1654=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1654=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1654=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1654),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1654),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1654),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1654),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1654),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1654=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1656,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1656=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1656=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1656=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1656),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1656),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1656),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1656),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1656),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1656=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Sr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA_3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1658,2))","v":37},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1658=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1658=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1658=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1658),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1658),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1658),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1658),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1658),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1658=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Se","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1660,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1660=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1660=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1660=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1660),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1660),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1660),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1660),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1660),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1660=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pt","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1662,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1662=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1662=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1662=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1662),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1662),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1662),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1662),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1662),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1662=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pt, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1664,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1664=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1664=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1664=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1664),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1664),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1664),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1664),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1664),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1664=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperION (or Sustainion?)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO",40,"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1666,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1666=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1666=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1666=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1666),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1666),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1666),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1666),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1666),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1666=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Sc","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1668,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1668=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1668=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1668=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1668),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1668),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1668),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1668),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1668),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1668=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1670,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1670=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1670=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1670=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1670),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1670),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1670),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1670),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1670),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1670=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1672,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1672=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1672=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1672=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1672),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1672),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1672),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1672),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1672),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1672=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1674,2))","v":26},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1674=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1674=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1674=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1674),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1674),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1674),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1674),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1674),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1674=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1676,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1676=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1676=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1676=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1676),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1676),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1676),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1676),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1676),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1676=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1","X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1678,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1678=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1678=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1678=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1678),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1678),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1678),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1678),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1678),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1678=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",23,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1680,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1680=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1680=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1680=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1680),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1680),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1680),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1680),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1680),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1680=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1682,2))","v":21},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1682=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1682=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1682=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1682),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1682),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1682),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1682),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1682),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1682=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1684,2))","v":21},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1684=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1684=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1684=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1684),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1684),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1684),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1684),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1684),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1684=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1684,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1686,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1686=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1686=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1686=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1686),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1686),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1686),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1686),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1686),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1686=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1686,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1688,2))","v":19},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1688=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1688=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1688=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1688),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1688),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1688),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1688),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1688),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1688=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1688,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sc","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1690,2))","v":18},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1690=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1690=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1690=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1690),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1690),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1690),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1690),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1690),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1690=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1690,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mo","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion® AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1692,2))","v":16},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1692=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1692=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1692=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1692),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1692),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1692),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1692),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1692),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1692=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1692,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, W","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1694,2))","v":14},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1694=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1694=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1694=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1694),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1694),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1694),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1694),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1694),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1694=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1694,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mn, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1696,2))","v":10},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1696=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1696=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1696=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1696),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1696),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1696),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1696),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1696),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1696=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1696,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)"]
[]
["Table S24. Multi-elemental Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["TiO2 NPs supported on V/Cu-based layered double hydroxide, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, V, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/V,Cu_LDH","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",84,"Lavate, S. S. & Srivastava, R. Boosting ethylene yield via a synergistic 2D/0D nanostructured VCu layered double hydroxide/TiO2 catalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Energy Advances, doi:10.1039/D4YA00417E (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1706,2))","v":84},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1706=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1706=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1706=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1706),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1706),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1706),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1706),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1706),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1706=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1706,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1706:Y1787,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1706:$Y$1787"}]
["Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on GDL","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR vs. RHE","- 305 mA/cm2","77","L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1708,2))","v":77},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1708=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1708=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1708=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1708),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1708),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1708),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1708),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1708),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1708=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Ag-doped La2-xAgxCuO4-δ NPs (x=0.2) with oxygen vacancies, on Toray carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, La","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/La2CuO4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",72,"Dong, G. et al. Boosting the CO2 electroreduction performance of La2-xAgxCuO4-δ perovskites via A-site substitution mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 342, 123444, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123444 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1710,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1710=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1710=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1710=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1710),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1710),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1710),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1710),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1710),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1710=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":25}]
[]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on carbon cloth","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",71,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1712,2))","v":71},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1712=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1712=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1712=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1712),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1712),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1712),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1712),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1712=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":41}]
["Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",69,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1714,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1714=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1714=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1714=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1714),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1714),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1714),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1714),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1714),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1714=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-80†_Cu-multi_element,1\nmA/cm2",67,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1716,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1716=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1716=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1716=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1716),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1716),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1716),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1716),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1716),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1716=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":10}]
[]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd/Ag NPs (20-50 nm, 0.49 and 0.39 wt%, respectively), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd,Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1718,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1718=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1718=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1718=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1718),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1718),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1718),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1718),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1718),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1718=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":4}]
["Cu8Zn6Mn alloy (89.3:1.53:3.92 at. %) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-758\nmA/cm2",58,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1720,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1720=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1720=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1720=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1720),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1720),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1720),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1720),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1720),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1720=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Cs1 (mol ratio: 10:0.16:0.14) prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-37  mA/cm2",57,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1722,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1722=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1722=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1722=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1722),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1722),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1722),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1722),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1722),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1722=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":11}]
[]
["Cu/Pd mixed NPs supported on 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets, on copper foam","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, Bi, S","Nafion","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Cu,Pd/Bi2S3_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",57,"Pirzada, B. M., AlMarzooqi, F. & Qurashi, A. Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 112, 107189, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107189 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1724,2))","v":57},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1724=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1724=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1724=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1724),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1724),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1724),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1724),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1724),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1724=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1707),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":2}]
["Exfoliated Mg/Al LDH nanosheets spraycoated onto a Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Mg, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/Cu-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.8 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. N. Xu et al., Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2-to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202217296 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1726,2))","v":55},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1726=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1726=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1726=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1726),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1726),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1726),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1726),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1726),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1726=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Au nanoneedle-impregnated inside of the channels of Zr-based MOF with Cu-TMC sites mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Zr, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-NN/Zr-Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xie et al., Au-activated N motifs in non-coherent cupric porphyrin metal organic frameworks for promoting and stabilizing ethylene production. Nature Communications 13, 63 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1728,2))","v":53},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1728=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1728=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1728=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1728),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1728),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1728),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1728),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1728),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1728=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B/Mg-doped CuOX NPs (\"Cu5(B0.02 M)Mg1\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg-B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","-293\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1730,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1730=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1730=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1730=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1730),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1730),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1730),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1730),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1730),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1730=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Cs1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",48,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1732,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1732=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1732=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1732=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1732),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1732),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1732),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1732),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1732),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1732=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu and Bi co-impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",47,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1734,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1734=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1734=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1734=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1734),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1734),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1734),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1734),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1734),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1734=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial CuOx NPs (5.8 mg/cm2!) supported on scaffold of exfoliated Mg/Al LDH, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Mg, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","SELEMION AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1773\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kwon, J. Zhang, R. Ganganahalli, S. Verma, B. S. Yeo, Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House-of-Cards Scaffolds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202217252 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1736,2))","v":46},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1736=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1736=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1736=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1736),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1736),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1736),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1736),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1736),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1736=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Pb, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Pb, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuPb","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1738,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1738=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1738=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1738=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1738),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1738),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1738),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1738),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1738),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1738=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-30 mA/cm2",43,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1740,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1740=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1740=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1740=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1740),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1740),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1740),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1740),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1740),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1740=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu and Bi co-impregnated (ca 1:1 atomic ratio) into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",42,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1742,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1742=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1742=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1742=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1742),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1742),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1742),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1742),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1742),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1742=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs (0.5 mg/cm2) mixed with Zn NSs (0.01 mg/cm2) and PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn_NS/B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1744,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1744=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1744=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1744=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1744),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1744),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1744),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1744),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1744),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1744=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",38,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1746,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1746=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1746=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1746=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1746),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1746),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1746),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1746),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1746),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1746=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Ru-doped (4% and 1 %,  XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Ru/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",38,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1748,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1748=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1748=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1748=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1748),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1748),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1748),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1748),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1748),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1748=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["CNP and graphite layers on top of CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",36,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1750,2))","v":36},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1750=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1750=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1750=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1750),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1750),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1750),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1750),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1750),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1750=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pd-doped, agglomerated defective Ag/CuOx nanosheets derived from CuOx NPs with Au seed (\"Pd0.7Cu40.0Ag59.3\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Ag/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-502\nmA/cm2",35,"D. L. Haoyu Sun, Yuanyuan Min, Yingying Wang, Yanyun Ma, Yiqun Zheng, Hongwen Huang, Hierarchical Palladium-Copper-Silver Porous Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 40, 2307007- (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1752,2))","v":35},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1752=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1752=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1752=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1752),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1752),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1752),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1752),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1752),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1752=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Au-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Au/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-400\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1754,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1754=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1754=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1754=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1754),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1754),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1754),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1754),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1754),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1754=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Pd-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Pd/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1756,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1756=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1756=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1756=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1756),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1756),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1756),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1756),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1756),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1756=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Sn (Cu/Sn wt of ca. 40), with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Sn, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuSn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",33,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1758,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1758=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1758=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1758=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1758),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1758),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1758),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1758),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1758),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1758=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Ag, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Ag, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuAg","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",33,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1760,2))","v":33},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1760=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1760=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1760=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1760),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1760),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1760),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1760),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1760),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1760=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",31,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1762,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1762=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1762=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1762=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1762),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1762),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1762),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1762),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1762),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1762=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag/Pd alloy shell (Cu79Ag16Pd5), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1764,2))","v":31},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1764=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1764=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1764=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1764),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1764),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1764),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1764),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1764),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1764=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["High entrypy AuAgPtPdCu NPs (16 +- 10 nm)  with single atom Cu sites, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA/Cu-SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-14 mA/cm2",30,"S. Nellaiappan et al., High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization. ACS Catal 10, 3658-3663 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1766,2))","v":30},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1766=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1766=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1766=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1766),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1766),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1766),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1766),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1766),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1766=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Ag1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Ag1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",28,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1768,2))","v":28},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1768=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1768=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1768=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1768),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1768),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1768),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1768),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1768),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1768=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Au1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Au1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",27,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1770,2))","v":27},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1770=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1770=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1770=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1770),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1770),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1770),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1770),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1770),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1770=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1770,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Au NPs (\"small\") supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement mixed with Ni-SAC, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra/Ni-SAC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",25,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1772,2))","v":25},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1772=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1772=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1772=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1772),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1772),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1772),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1772),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1772),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1772=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Chemically dealloyed (5 M NaOH, 50 °C) Al90Cu7.5Ce2.5 ribbons, with remaining traces of Al (2.2 at %), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al-doped/CuOx-CeOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR vs. RHE","- 98 mA/cm2",23,"T. Kou et al., Amorphous CeO2–Cu Heterostructure Enhances CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Alcohols. ACS Materials Letters 4, 1999-2008 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1774,2))","v":23},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1774=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1774=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1774=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1774),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1774),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1774),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1774),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1774),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1774=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1774,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",22,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1776,2))","v":22},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1776=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1776=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1776=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1776),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1776),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1776),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1776),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1776=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1776,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Exfoliated B/Cu-based MOF (“BIF-104(Cu)”) nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall AgOx NPs mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, B, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag_NP/B,Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",21,"P. Shao et al., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene via Copper−Silver Tandem Catalyst in Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2300088 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1778,2))","v":21},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1778=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1778=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1778=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1778),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1778),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1778),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1778),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1778),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1778=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1778,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Tensile strained Cu overlayer (32 nm)  on NiTi sheet","Overlayer","Cu, Ti, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Strained/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",20,"M. Du, X. Zhao, G. Zhu, H.-Y. Hsu, F. Liu, Elastic strain controlling the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on Cu overlayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 4933-4944 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1780,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1780=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1780=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1780=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1780),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1780),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1780),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1780),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1780),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1780=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1780,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["La0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, La, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-120\nmA/cm2",20,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1782,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1782=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1782=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1782=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1782),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1782),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1782),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1782),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1782),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1782=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1782,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Gd0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Gd, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",20,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1784,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1784=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1784=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1784=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1784),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1784),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1784),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1784),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1784),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1784=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1784,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pr0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Pr, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",17,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1786,2))","v":17},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1786=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1786=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1786=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1786),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1786),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1786),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1786),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1786),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1786=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1786,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-multi_element,1Used value from LSV, rather than text value"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,2Indeed 2 °C, not a typo"]
[]
["Table S25. (In-) organic core/shell-Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating (without Nafion toplayer), on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-179\nmA/cm2",86,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1797,2))","v":86},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1797=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1797=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1797=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1797),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1797),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1797),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1797),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1797),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1797=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1797,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1797:Y1832,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1797:$Y$1832"}]
["CuO NPs coated with 1-dodecanethiol, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, 1-dodecanethiol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1-dodecanethiol/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",80,"Y. Yao et al., A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights. Nature Communications 15, 1257 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1799,2))","v":80},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1799=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1799=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1799=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1799),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1799),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1799),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1799),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1799),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1799=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Ionic liquid-coated Cu-MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid)2), on glassy carbon","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), 1-Butyl-3-\nmethylimidazolium nitrate (BmimNO3)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",77,"Y. Sha et al., Anchoring Ionic Liquid in Copper Electrocatalyst for Improving CO2 Conversion to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202200039 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1801,2))","v":77},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1801=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1801=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1801=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1801),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1801),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1801),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1801),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1801),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1801=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":16}]
[]
["CuOx NPs (large size distribution) mixed with PTFE, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl + 50 mM benzyl alcohol","- flow\n- stirring","FKB PK 130","(AEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",72,"Y. Wang et al., Benzyl alcohol promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and C2 production by Cu2O/Cu. Chemical Engineering Journal 485, 149800 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1803,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1803=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1803=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1803=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1803),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1803),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1803),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1803),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1803),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1803=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":18}]
["Hydrophobic Cu NPs electroplated from a PTFE-containing solution, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",67,"T. Deng et al., Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202313796 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1805,2))","v":67},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1805=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1805=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1805=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1805),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1805),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1805),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1805),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1805),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1805=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Cu2O NPs coated with a carboxylic-acid terminated C12 alkyl chain, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, HOOC-(CHy)n-COOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alkyl-chain/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",63,"Li, W. et al. Confined Intermediates Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 14, 13400-13407, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02823 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1807,2))","v":63},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1807=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1807=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1807=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1807),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1807),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1807),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1807),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1807),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1807=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":7}]
[]
["Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM, 0.25 wt%) coated CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PSMIM/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-119\nmA/cm2",62,"D. Wang et al., Regulating the local microenvironment on porous Cu nanosheets for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 11968-11974 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1809,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1809=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1809=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1809=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1809),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1809),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1809),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1809),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1809),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1809=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":2}]
["Core/shell-type particles comprising a carbon core with a CuOx shell coated with a PTFE layer, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, C, O","PTFE, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx+C_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-230\nmA/cm2",62,"Liu, W. et al. Electron-rich Cu0-Cu2O heterogeneous interface constructed via controllable electrochemical reconstruction for a single CO2 deep-reduction product ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 348, 123831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.123831 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1811,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1811=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1811=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1811=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1811),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1811),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1811),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1811),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1811),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1811=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu2O NCs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu2O-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1813,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1813=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1813=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1813=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1813),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1813),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1813),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1813),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1813),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1813=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":10}]
[]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) coated with a 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole shell, on a GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole, Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt network","?","?","CO2","-2.08 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",58,"Jiang, Y. et al. Impact of Adsorbed CO on the Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene on 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole Coordinated Cu. ACS Catal 14, 9870-9876, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02042 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1815,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1815=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1815=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1815=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1815),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1815),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1815),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1815),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1815),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1815=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1798),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":3}]
["Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1817,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1817=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1817=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1817=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1817),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1817),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1817),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1817),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1817),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1817=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1817,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Partially PVP-capped Cu NPs grown from Au seed, supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, PVP capping","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sub-PVP-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni Foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1819,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1819=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1819=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1819=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1819),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1819),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1819),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1819),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1819),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1819=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1819,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Pyroglutamic acid-modified (\"Pyr1.0\") Cu2O NPs (reconstructing into nanoneedles), grown on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Pyroglutami acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyroglutamic-A/Cu2O_NPs",null,"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-510\nmA/cm2",52,"Jing, H. et al. Highly efficient stable pyroglutamic acid-modified Cu2O/Cu catalysts with reconstruction-resistant interfaces for CO2-to-C2 conversion at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 365, 124977, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124977 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1821,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1821=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1821=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1821=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1821),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1821),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1821),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1821),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1821),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1821=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1821,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Cationic tetrabutylammonium-coated electroplated CuO dendrites (1.75 mg/cm2), on 121 Wet Proofing-modified GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O, N","Nafion, Tetrabutylammonium","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TBAN/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-1223\nmA/cm2",50,"M. P. L. Kang, H. Ma, R. Ganganahalli, B. S. Yeo, Surfactant-Enhanced Formation of Ethylene from Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction on Copper Catalysts. ACS Catal, 116-123 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1823,2))","v":50},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1823=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1823=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1823=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1823),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1823),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1823),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1823),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1823),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1823=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1823,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Poly-ionic liquid-coated Cu NPs mixed with CuCl, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Imidazolium, bipyridinium-based ionic liquid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$f":"\"Cu@BPIL@Cu\"","v":"Cu@BPIL@Cu"},"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.005 M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",47,"Pan, Y., Li, X.-Q., Duan, G.-Y., Fang, J. & Xu, B.-H. Microenvironment regulation for high-performance acidic CO2 electroreduction on Poly(ionic liquid)-modified Cu surface. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124681 (2025).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1825,2))","v":47},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1825=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1825=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1825=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1825),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1825),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1825),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1825),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1825),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1825=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1825,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",44,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1827,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1827=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1827=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1827=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1827),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1827),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1827),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1827),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1827),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1827=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1827,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Mesoporous Cu(OH)2 NRs mixed with large quantity of Nafion (28.4 wt%), supported on CNTs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic, A-supports-B","Cu, O, C","Nafion or Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion/CuOx_NPs/CNTs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic regulation of hydrophobicity and basicity for copper hydroxide-derived copper to promote the CO2 electroreduction reaction. Carbon Energy 5, e328, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.328 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1829,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1829=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1829=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1829=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1829),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1829),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1829),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1829),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1829),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1829=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1829,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"N117\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",43,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1831,2))","v":43},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1831=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1831=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1831=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1831),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1831),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1831),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1831),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1831),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1831=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1831,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
[]
["Table S26. (In-) organic overlayer Cu"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",null,null,"Alkaline + CO2","CORR","≥ 55 % FE"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["50 μm Cu-exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3 'mixed matrix membrane' toplayer, on a PVA/Chitosan midlayer, on a commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder underlayer, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL (exact conditions ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu","Chitosan, Cu exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3, polyvinylalcohol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Complex-overlayer/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",98,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1840,2))","v":98},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1840=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1840=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1840=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1840),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1840),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1840),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1840),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1840=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1840,2))>=55,1,0)","v":1},null,"Range"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.range,Y1840:Y1943,_xlpm.start,CELL(\"address\",_xlpm.range),_xlpm.end,CELL(\"address\",OFFSET(INDIRECT(_xlpm.start),ROWS(_xlpm.range)-1,0)),_xlpm.start&\":\"&_xlpm.end)","v":"$Y$1840:$Y$1943"}]
["Nafion overlayer covering a catalyst layer comprised of electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-602\nmA/cm2",89,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1842,2))","v":89},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1842=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1842=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1842=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1842),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1842),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1842),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1842),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1842),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1842=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Unique papers"]
["Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",87,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1844,2))","v":87},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1844=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1844=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1844=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1844),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1844),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1844),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1844),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1844),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1844=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),COUNTA(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE),LEN(_xlfn.UNIQUE(_xlpm.range,,FALSE))>10)))","v":42}]
[]
["N1-/N3-substituted imidazolium-based overlayer on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","N1-substituted (1,10-\nphenanthrolinyl) and N3-substituted (n-butyl) imidazolium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N1/3-sub_imidazolium/Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co.,\nLtd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",73,"B. Cheng et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 27823-27832 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1846,2))","v":73},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1846=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1846=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1846=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1846),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1846),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1846),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1846),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1846),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1846=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"Catalyst systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,-3),_xlpm.catalysts,COUNTA(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.catalysts)","v":52}]
["N-arylpyridinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)\nbispyridinium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",72,"F. Li et al., Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 577, 509-513 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1848,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1848=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1848=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1848=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1848),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1848),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1848),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1848),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1848),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1848=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"Alkaline CO2 systems"]
["Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-433\nmA/cm2",72,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1850,2))","v":72},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1850=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1850=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1850=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1850),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1850),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1850),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1850),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1850),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1850=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,0),_xlpm.alk_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.alk_sum)","v":22}]
[]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1852,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1852=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1852=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1852=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1852),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1852),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1852),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1852),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1852),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1852=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"CORR systems"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,1),_xlpm.CORR_sum,SUM(_xlpm.range),_xlpm.CORR_sum)","v":9}]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-280\nmA/cm2",70,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1854,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1854=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1854=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1854=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1854),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1854),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1854),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1854),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1854),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1854=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[{"$nulls":28},"≥ 55% FE (with alkaline CO2)"]
["Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",70,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1856,2))","v":70},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1856=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1856=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1856=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1856),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1856),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1856),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1856),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1856),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1856=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":21}]
[]
["Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.4 V \nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",69,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1858,2))","v":69},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1858=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1858=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1858=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1858),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1858),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1858),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1858),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1858),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1858=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1,null,"≥ 55% FE (of which alkaline CO2)"]
[{"$nulls":28},{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.ref_range,INDIRECT(AC1841),_xlpm.range,OFFSET(_xlpm.ref_range,0,2),_xlpm.range_filter,_xlpm.ref_range,_xlpm.hi_sum,SUM(_xlfn._xlws.FILTER(_xlpm.range,_xlpm.range_filter)),_xlpm.hi_sum)","v":11}]
["Electroplated Cu (90 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work[insert ref]), with N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine (Py) midlayer and hydrophobic (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x short sidechain (SSC) ionomer toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine, (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated Cu:Py:SCC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37–50 grade 60","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh",25,"?","CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-164\nmA/cm2",65,"A. Ozden et al., Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene. Joule 5, 706-719 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1860,2))","v":65},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1860=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1860=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1860=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1860),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1860),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1860),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1860),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1860),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1860=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-316\nmA/cm2",62,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1862,2))","v":62},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1862=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1862=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1862=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1862),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1862),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1862),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1862),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1862),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1862=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","0.15 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1864,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1864=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1864=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1864=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1864),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1864),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1864),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1864),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1864),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1864=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["25 nm Cu NPs/nafion mix sprayed on top of nafion pre-covered Cu-sputtered PTFE nanowires","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/Nafion-modified PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",60,"F. P. G. d. Arquer et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2. Science 367, 661-666 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1866,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1866=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1866=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1866=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1866),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1866),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1866),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1866),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1866),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1866=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with poly(Lys, Phe), with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","poly(Lys, Phe)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Amine/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-2.3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1868,2))","v":60},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1868=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1868=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1868=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1868),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1868),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1868),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1868),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1868),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1868=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Electroplated Cu on top of polyaniline pre-functionalized carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",59,"S. Jia et al., Hierarchical Metal–Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 10977-10982 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1870,2))","v":59},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1870=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1870=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1870=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1870),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1870),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1870),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1870),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1870),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1870=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-358\nmA/cm2",58,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1872,2))","v":58},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1872=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1872=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1872=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1872),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1872),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1872),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1872),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1872),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1872=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["1-octadecanethiol-modified electroplated Cu dendrites, on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","1-octadecanethiol","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Thiol/Cu_dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",56,"D. Wakerley et al., Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface. Nature materials 18, 1222-1227 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1874,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1874=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1874=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1874=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1874),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1874),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1874),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1874),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1874),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1874=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Spin-coated tricomponent ionic liquid polymer-modified Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Various ionic liquids","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","3xIL-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Wang et al., Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 2857-2865 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1876,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1876=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1876=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1876=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1876),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1876),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1876),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1876),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1876),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1876=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Polypyrrole nanowires-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, Polypyrrole","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polypyrrole/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO","-0.58 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1 (69)","Y. Ji, C. Yang, L. Qian, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 600, 847-853 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1878,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1878=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1878=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1878=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1878),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1878),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1878),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1878),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1878),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1878=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},1]
[]
["Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",56,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1880,2))","v":56},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1880=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1880=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1880=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1880),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1880),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1880),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1880),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1880),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1880=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},1]
[]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a MOF/nafion-derived underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V \nvs. ANODE","-255\nmA/cm2",54,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1882,2))","v":54},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1882=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1882=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1882=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1882),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1882),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1882),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1882),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1882),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1882=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","-2.5 V \nvs. ANODE","-84\nmA/cm2",52,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1884,2))","v":52},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1884=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1884=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1884=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1884),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1884),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1884),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1884),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1884),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1884=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Polydopamine-coated rod-like Cu-MOF, on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, polydopamine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polydopamine/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Z.-H. Zhao, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Polydopamine Coating of a Metal–Organic Framework with Bi-Copper Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 7986-7993 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1886,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1886=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1886=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1886=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1886),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1886),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1886),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1886),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1886),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1886=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a calcined MOF-derived/nafion underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-4.1 V (?) \nvs. ANODE","-525\nmA/cm2",51,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1888,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1888=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1888=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1888=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1888),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1888),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1888),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1888),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1888),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1888=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cs-exchanged Nafion overlayer (0.7 μm) on Cu sputtered  PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion (Cs)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion(Cs)/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-50\nmA/cm2",51,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1890,2))","v":51},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1890=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1890=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1890=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1890),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1890),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1890),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1890),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1890),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1890=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Polyaniline-coated Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu ","Nafion, Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polyaniline/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Quaternary ammonia poly(N-methylpiperidine-\nco-p-terphenyl)","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Wei et al., Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Hydrocarbons at Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces. ACS Catal 10, 4103-4111 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1892,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1892=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1892=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1892=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1892),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1892),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1892),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1892),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1892),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1892=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.51 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1894,2))","v":49},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1894=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1894=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1894=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1894),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1894),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1894),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1894),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1894),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1894=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["0.01 mg/cm2 microporous polymer (combination of ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger’s base (TB) monomers)-coated Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Ethanoanthracene, Troger’s base","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MicroP-Polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",48,"S. C. Perry et al., Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for targeted CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemosphere 248, 125993 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1896,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1896=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1896=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1896=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1896),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1896),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1896),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1896),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1896),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1896=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Metallic Cu NPs with nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?",1,"CO","-1.46 V\nvs. RHE","-72\nmA/cm2",48,"D. S. Ripatti, T. R. Veltman, M. W. Kanan, Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion. Joule 3, 240-256 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1898,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1898=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1898=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1898=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1898),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1898),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1898),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1898),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1898),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1898=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["QAPEEK' overlayer on 1 μm-thick Cu layer with nanoscale roughness, sputtered on a GDL","Overlayer","Cu","QAPEEK (quaternary ammonia poly(ether ether ketone))","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#5","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.46 V\nvs. ANODE","-600\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1900,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1900=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1900=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1900=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1900),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1900),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1900),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1900),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1900),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1900=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Surface S-doped 'coral-like' CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, S, O","Nafion, thioacetamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",48,"T. Jia et al., Engineering vacancy and hydrophobicity of spherical coral-like CuO catalyst for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Surfaces and Interfaces 38, 102841 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1902,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1902=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1902=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1902=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1902),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1902),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1902),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1902),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1902),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1902=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",48,"Gabardo, C. M. et al. Continuous Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Concentrated Multi-carbon Products Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly. Joule 3, 2777-2791, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.021 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1904,2))","v":48},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1904=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1904=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1904=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1904),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1904),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1904),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1904),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1904),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1904=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1904,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Tip-exposed PTFE-coated electrochemically grown Cu nanoneedles scraped off and deposited on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"B. Yang et al., Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric–Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 3039-3049 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1906,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1906=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1906=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1906=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1906),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1906),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1906),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1906),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1906),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1906=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Cu plate with in-situ electrodeposited N-functionalized aryl moiety (10 mM)","Overlayer","Cu","N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium-Br2","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",45,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1908,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1908=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1908=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1908=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1908),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1908),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1908),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1908),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1908),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1908=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Amorphous N-functionalized (34% N)) carbon overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrically powered CO2-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nature Energy 5, 478-486 (2020).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1910,2))","v":45},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1910=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1910=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1910=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1910),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1910),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1910),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1910),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1910),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1910=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Pre-reduced gluconic acid-capped (800 mg)  OH-rich Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Gluconic acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GluconicA/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",44,"C. Li et al., Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Surface Hydroxylation over Cu-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 13, 16114-16125 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1912,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1912=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1912=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1912=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1912),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1912),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1912),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1912),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1912),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1912=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electrolyte-soaked 60 µm-thick porous (0.44 μm pore size) PTFE support overlayer on top of commercial 25 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Thin-film-PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Home-made BPM with TiO2 NP interlayer","(BPM [rev])","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti felt",35,"?","CO2","-5.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"K. Xie et al., Bipolar membrane electrolyzers enable high single-pass CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 13, 3609 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1914,2))","v":44},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1914=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1914=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1914=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1914),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1914),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1914),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1914),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1914),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1914=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","n/a",42,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1916,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1916=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1916=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1916=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1916),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1916),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1916),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1916),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1916),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1916=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Hydrophobic pention D18 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Pention D18","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pention_D18/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50, grade 60","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.58 V -iR\nvs. Au/QRE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Zhuansun et al., Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Hydrophobicity-Induced Electro-Kinetic Retardation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309875 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1918,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1918=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1918=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1918=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1918),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1918),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1918),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1918),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1918),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1918=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",42,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1920,2))","v":42},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1920=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1920=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1920=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1920),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1920),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1920),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1920),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1920),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1920=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer with a MOF/nafion-derived midlayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO","-2.7 V \nvs. ANODE","-295\nmA/cm2",41,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1922,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1922=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1922=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1922=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1922),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1922),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1922),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1922),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1922),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1922=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},0]
[]
["Electrocycled (CVs in 0.3 M KCl) Cu plate with benzimidazole overlayer","Overlayer","Cu","Benzimidazole","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Benzimidazole/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Zhong et al., Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chemical Communications 54, 11324-11327 (2018).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1924,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1924=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1924=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1924=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1924),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1924),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1924),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1924),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1924),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1924=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1926,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1926=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1926=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1926=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1926),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1926),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1926),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1926),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1926),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1926=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of commercial Cu NPs on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-190\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1928,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1928=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1928=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1928=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1928),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1928),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1928),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1928),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1928),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1928=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["PVDF overlayer on top of CuO NPs on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.22 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",41,"Liang, H.-Q. et al. Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water. ACS Catal 11, 958-966, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03766 (2021).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1930,2))","v":41},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1930=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1930=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1930=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1930),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1930),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1930),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1930),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1930),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1930=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},0]
[]
["1-methyl-benzimidazolium-functionalized paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one polymer on top of on Cu NPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","1-methyl-benzimidazolium, paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Me-benzimidazolium/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT (?)","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"L. Xue et al., Dual-Role of Polyelectrolyte-Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co-Electrolysis to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309519 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1932,2))","v":40},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1932=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1932=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1932=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1932),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1932),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1932),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1932),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1932),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1932=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1932,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Diphenyliodonium salt-derived electrografted overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Diphenyliodonium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diphenyliodonium/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",39,"N. B. Watkins, Y. Wu, W. Nie, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In Situ Deposited Polyaromatic Layer Generates Robust Copper Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Variable pH. ACS Energy Letters 8, 189-195 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1934,2))","v":39},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1934=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1934=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1934=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1934),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1934),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1934),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1934),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1934),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1934=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1934,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Commercial spherical Cu microparticles with native CuOx film and nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO","-0.78 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Li et al., Effectively Increased Efficiency for Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Using Supported Polycrystalline Copper Powder Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 9, 4709-4718 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1936,2))","v":38},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1936=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1936=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1936=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1936),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1936),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1936),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1936),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1936),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1936=\"CO\",1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1936,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electropolymerized N-tolyl pyridinium-based overlayer on Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl pyridinium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-tolyl/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.41 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",34,"W. Nie, G. P. Heim, N. B. Watkins, T. Agapie, J. C. Peters, Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202216102 (2023).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1938,2))","v":34},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1938=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1938=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1938=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1938),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1938),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1938),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1938),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1938),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":1},{"$f":"IF(R1938=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1938,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Glycine overlayer on top Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Glycine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Gly/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-\nmA/cm2",24,"M. S. Xie et al., Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy & Environmental Science 9, 1687-1695 (2016).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1940,2))","v":24},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1940=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1940=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1940=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1940),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1940),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1940),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1940),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1940),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1940=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1940,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["Electropolymerized ethynyl and azide-based overlayer with in-situ generated distrubted Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Overlayer","Cu","Ethynyl-precursor, azide-precursor","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electropolymer/Cu-NPs/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",20,"R. Igarashi, R. Takeuchi, K. Kubo, T. Mizuta, S. Kume, On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper (I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Frontiers in Chemistry 7, 860 (2019).",{"$f":"_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1942,2))","v":20},null,{"$f":"_xlfn.LET(_xlpm.CO_2,IF(R1942=\"CO2\",1,0),_xlpm.AEM_dry,INT(AND(IF(I1942=\"(n/a)\",1,0),IF(K1942=\"(AEM)\",1,0))), _xlpm.alk_electrolyte,IF(SUM(IFERROR(FIND(\"KOH\",H1942),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"NaOH\",H1942),0),IFERROR(FIND(\"CsOH\",H1942),0), IFERROR(FIND(\"LiOH\",H1942),0),  IFERROR(FIND(\"RbOH\",H1942),0))>0,1,0),_xlpm.alkaline,OR(_xlpm.AEM_dry,_xlpm.alk_electrolyte),_xlpm.rslt,INT(AND(_xlpm.CO_2,_xlpm.alkaline)),_xlpm.rslt)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(R1942=\"CO\",1,0)","v":0},{"$f":"IF(_xlfn.NUMBERVALUE(LEFT(U1942,2))>=55,1,0)","v":0}]
[]
["†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 56 % as opposed to 69 %)"]

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236,23],[235,24,236,24],[235,25,236,25],[235,33,236,33],[235,34,236,34],[235,35,236,35],[235,36,236,36],[235,37,236,37],[235,38,236,38],[235,39,236,39],[236,26,236,27],[236,31,236,32],[233,18,234,18],[233,19,234,19],[233,20,234,20],[233,21,234,21],[233,23,234,23],[233,24,234,24],[233,25,234,25],[233,33,234,33],[233,34,234,34],[233,35,234,35],[233,36,234,36],[233,37,234,37],[233,38,234,38],[233,39,234,39],[234,26,234,27],[234,31,234,32],[235,0,236,0],[235,2,236,2],[235,3,236,3],[235,4,236,4],[235,5,236,5],[235,6,236,6],[235,7,236,7],[235,8,236,8],[235,9,236,9]],"merged_total":4753,"flags":["merged_cut"]}
["†_metallic,1We report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 49 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
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[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":29},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer",{"$f":"H18","v":"10 M KOH "},{"$f":"J18","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"10 M KOH "},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer",{"$f":"H20","v":"5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",59,"W. Ren, A. Xu, K. Chan, X. Hu, A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202214173 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L22","v":"2.5 M Kac (pH 8.6)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",59,"W. Ren, A. Xu, K. Chan, X. Hu, A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202214173 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","? (X37–50 Grade 60)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-37\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"? (X37–50 Grade 60)"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrO2/carbon"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-37\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-134\nmA/cm2",58,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Ultrasonically detached N2 atmosphere/high current density-electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N2/Cu_dendrites",{"$f":"H26","v":"-"},{"$f":"J26","v":"X37–50 Grade 60"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrO2/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-134\nmA/cm2",58,"Z. Gu et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Alcohols at Defect-Site-Rich Cu Surface. Joule 5, 429-440 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs_commercial",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs (60-80 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-70nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (60-80 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-70nm_commercial",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L30","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"?"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-934\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs-100nm_commercial",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Fumasep FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-934\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.2 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.80 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"{100}-rich Cu NCs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.2 M KCl"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.2 M KCl"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.80 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"G. L. De Gregorio et al., Facet-Dependent Selectivity of Cu Catalysts in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities. ACS Catal 10, 4854-4862 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NCs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/carbon","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Copper Nanocubes for CO2 Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Nano Letters 19, 8461-8468 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu NCs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NCs#2",{"$f":"H38","v":"10.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L38","v":"10.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O38","v":"IrO2/carbon"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.47 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Copper Nanocubes for CO2 Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Nano Letters 19, 8461-8468 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",45,"R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, The role of in situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(i) species in C2+ product selectivity during CO2 pulsed electroreduction. Nature Energy 5, 317-325 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",45,"R. M. Arán-Ais, F. Scholten, S. Kunze, R. Rizo, B. Roldan Cuenya, The role of in situ generated morphological motifs and Cu(i) species in C2+ product selectivity during CO2 pulsed electroreduction. Nature Energy 5, 317-325 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CO2RR pre-activated defective Cu NWs, on glassy carbon (tested in semi-pulsed electrolysis mode)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defect/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil",25,1,"CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",77,"C. Choi et al., Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Nature Catalysis 3, 804-812 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CO2RR pre-activated defective Cu NWs, on glassy carbon (tested in semi-pulsed electrolysis mode)"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defect/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt coil"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",77,"C. Choi et al., Highly active and stable stepped Cu surface for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Nature Catalysis 3, 804-812 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Right bipyramidal {100}-rich Cu NPs with stacking faults, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bipyramidal/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",67,"Z. Li et al., Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 19932-19939 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Right bipyramidal {100}-rich Cu NPs with stacking faults, on GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bipyramidal/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",67,"Z. Li et al., Planar defect-driven electrocatalysis of CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 19932-19939 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu nanorods (control sample), on GDL (poorly described synthesis, inaccurate reference)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_nanorod","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",57,"H. Huo, J. Wang, Q. Fan, Y. Hu, J. Yang, Cu-MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2102447 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu nanorods (control sample), on GDL (poorly described synthesis, inaccurate reference)"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_nanorod",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.59 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",57,"H. Huo, J. Wang, Q. Fan, Y. Hu, J. Yang, Cu-MOFs Derived Porous Cu Nanoribbons with Strengthened Electric Field for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2102447 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(911) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(911)_single","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",18,"?","CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J Mol Catal A: Chem 199, 39-47 (2003).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(911) single crystal"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(911)_single",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"-"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"?"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J Mol Catal A: Chem 199, 39-47 (2003)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Star decahedron-shaped 30 nm Cu NPs, on glassy carbon RDE","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Star/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Choi et al., A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials. Advanced Materials 31, 1805405 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Star decahedron-shaped 30 nm Cu NPs, on glassy carbon RDE"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Star/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"?"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Choi et al., A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials. Advanced Materials 31, 1805405 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["In-house metallic Cu NPs, on mesoporous carbon/PTFE-modified carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",53,"R. Chen et al., Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie 132, 160-166 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"In-house metallic Cu NPs, on mesoporous carbon/PTFE-modified carbon paper"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/GDL",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J52","v":"?"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":25},"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",53,"R. Chen et al., Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie 132, 160-166 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mechanically polished and electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion CMV","(CEM)","0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2","49†_metallic,1","Y. Huang, C. W. Ong, B. S. Yeo, Effects of Electrolyte Anions on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper (100) and (111) Surfaces. ChemSusChem 11, 3299-3306 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Mechanically polished and electropolished (i.e., defective) Cu(100) single crystal"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)_single#2",{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Selemion CMV"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KI (pH 3.8)"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2","49†_metallic,1","Y. Huang, C. W. Ong, B. S. Yeo, Effects of Electrolyte Anions on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper (100) and (111) Surfaces. ChemSusChem 11, 3299-3306 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["EDTA-assisted electrodeposited hollow porous copper microspheres, on  carbon paper","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Liu et al., Controlled Synthesis of EDTA-Modified Porous Hollow Copper Microspheres for High-Efficiency Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Products. Nano Letters 20, 4823-4828 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"EDTA-assisted electrodeposited hollow porous copper microspheres, on  carbon paper"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow/Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Liu et al., Controlled Synthesis of EDTA-Modified Porous Hollow Copper Microspheres for High-Efficiency Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Products. Nano Letters 20, 4823-4828 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu"},"poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O58","v":"IrOx/Ti grid"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size","Metallic Cu","Cu","poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti grid","?",1,"CO","?","-30\nmA/cm2",44,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Cu electrosputtered on electrospun PVDF-HFP-based GDL with 0.2 μm pore size"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu"},"poly-(vinyliden-fluoride-co-hexafluorpropylene)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF-HFP/Cu",{"$f":"H60","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L60","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O60","v":"IrOx/Ti grid"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},1,"CO","?","-30\nmA/cm2",44,"F. Bernasconi, A. Senocrate, P. Kraus, C. Battaglia, Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes. EES Catalysis 1, 1009-1016 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Well-defined porous copper layer with controlled pore size (30 nm), depth (40 nm) and interspacing, on stainless steel","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mesoporous/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",37,"K. D. Yang et al., Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angewandte Chemie 129, 814-818 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Well-defined porous copper layer with controlled pore size (30 nm), depth (40 nm) and interspacing, on stainless steel"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mesoporous/Cu",{"$f":"H62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",37,"K. D. Yang et al., Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angewandte Chemie 129, 814-818 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu overlayer sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO2","-1.61 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 977-985 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Cu overlayer sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu",{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O64","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.61 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 977-985 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["44 nm Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","44nm/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",41,"A. Loiudice et al., Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 5789-5792 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"44 nm Cu NCs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","44nm/Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",41,"A. Loiudice et al., Tailoring Copper Nanocrystals towards C2 Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 5789-5792 (2016)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Chitosan","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Chitosan/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.53 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",94,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu"},"Chitosan","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Chitosan/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H68","v":"-"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Sustainion X-37 50 grade"},{"$f":"L68","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.53 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",94,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["1000 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(BPM [rev])","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-4.23 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-250\nmA/cm2",56,"C. A. Obasanjo et al., In situ regeneration of copper catalysts for long-term electrochemical CO2 reduction to multiple carbon products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20059-20070 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"1000 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu",{"$f":"H70","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J70","v":"\"Fumasep\""},{"$f":"L70","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-4.23 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-250\nmA/cm2",56,"C. A. Obasanjo et al., In situ regeneration of copper catalysts for long-term electrochemical CO2 reduction to multiple carbon products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20059-20070 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(BPM [rev])"},{"$f":"M70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_overlayer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",43,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Metallic Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_overlayer",{"$f":"H72","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Fumasep FAA-PK-130)"},{"$f":"L72","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",43,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KClO4","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",19,"?","CO2","-1.40 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Hori, A. Murata, R. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, Enhanced formation of ethylene and alcohols at ambient temperature and pressure in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 17-19 (1988).",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Electropolished Cu plate"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate",{"$f":"H74","v":"0.1 M KClO4"},{"$f":"J74","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KClO4"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt black (?)"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":19},"?","CO2","-1.40 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Hori, A. Murata, R. Takahashi, S. Suzuki, Enhanced formation of ethylene and alcohols at ambient temperature and pressure in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at a copper electrode. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 17-19 (1988)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolished Cu plate","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Selemion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt black (?)",18.5,1,"CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"M. Akira, H. Yoshio, Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, 123-127 (1991).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"Electropolished Cu plate"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_plate#2",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J76","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt black (?)"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":18.5},1,"CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"M. Akira, H. Yoshio, Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, 123-127 (1991)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial 50 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs-50nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (CO atmosphere)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","∆p gas/liquid = +20 mbar","CO","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"N. S. Romero Cuellar et al., Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. Journal of CO2 Utilization 36, 263-275 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Commercial 50 nm Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs-50nm",{"$f":"H78","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (CO atmosphere)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L78","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O78","v":"IrOx"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"∆p gas/liquid = +20 mbar","CO","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"N. S. Romero Cuellar et al., Two-step electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products at high current densities. Journal of CO2 Utilization 36, 263-275 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Magnetron sputtered Cu layer on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 2470-2478 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer on GDL"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#2",{"$f":"H80","v":"0.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L80","v":"0.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O80","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":25},1,"CO","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Ma et al., Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 2470-2478 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NWs after 15 h synthesis, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-123\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Zhang et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Over a Wide Potential Window by Copper Nanowires with High Density of Defects. Inorganic Chemistry 61, 20666-20673 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Cu NWs after 15 h synthesis, on GDL"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H82","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"?"},{"$f":"L82","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-123\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Zhang et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Over a Wide Potential Window by Copper Nanowires with High Density of Defects. Inorganic Chemistry 61, 20666-20673 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu layer sporting 50-80 nm Cu NPs, sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-247\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Cu layer sporting 50-80 nm Cu NPs, sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#3",{"$f":"H84","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Fumasep FKS-50"},{"$f":"L84","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Pt/GDL"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-247\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["275 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on e-PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ePTFE/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-214\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Corral et al., Advanced manufacturing for electrosynthesis of fuels and chemicals from CO2. Energy & Environmental Science 14, 3064-3074 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"275 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on e-PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ePTFE/Cu",{"$f":"H86","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J86","v":"\"Sustanion\""},{"$f":"L86","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O86","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-214\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Corral et al., Advanced manufacturing for electrosynthesis of fuels and chemicals from CO2. Energy & Environmental Science 14, 3064-3074 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","5.38 M NaClO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",55,"H. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Raciti, A. S. Hall, Promoting Cu-catalysed CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products by tuning the activity of H2O. Nature Catalysis 6, 807-817 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#4",{"$f":"H88","v":"5.38 M NaClO4"},{"$f":"J88","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L88","v":"5.38 M NaClO4"},{"$f":"O88","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",55,"H. Zhang, J. Gao, D. Raciti, A. S. Hall, Promoting Cu-catalysed CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products by tuning the activity of H2O. Nature Catalysis 6, 807-817 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M88","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu"},"Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H90","v":"-"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Home-made BPM"},{"$f":"L90","v":"Milli-Q water"},{"$f":"O90","v":"Pt/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":60},"?","CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(BPM [for])"},{"$f":"M90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-710\nmA/cm2",80,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu"},"Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H92","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J92","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L92","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O92","v":"Pt/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.58 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-710\nmA/cm2",80,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",25,"?","CO","-0.43 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",29,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu"},"Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Pt/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":25},"?","CO","-0.43 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",29,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL (6-cell stack)","Metallic Cu","Cu","Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Home-made BPM","(BPM [for])","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti felt",60,"?","CO2","-4.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-56\nmA/cm2",50,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"60 nm step site-rich Cu NPs blow-dried with Ar, on GDL (6-cell stack)"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu"},"Sustainion\nXA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Stepped/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H96","v":"-"},{"$f":"J96","v":"Home-made BPM"},{"$f":"L96","v":"Milli-Q water"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Pt/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P96","v":60},"?","CO2","-4.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-56\nmA/cm2",50,"X. She et al., Pure-water-fed, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene beyond 1,000 h stability at 10 A. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(BPM [for])"},{"$f":"M96","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic Cu NPs mixed with PTFE, dropcast on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti sheet","?","?","CO","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",67,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"Metallic Cu NPs mixed with PTFE, dropcast on GDL"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D98","v":"Nafion, PTFE"},{"$f":"E98","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F98","v":"PTFE/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H98","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Selemion DSVN"},{"$f":"L98","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O98","v":"IrO2/Ti sheet"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q98","v":"?"},{"$f":"R98","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S98","v":"-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T98","v":"-600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U98","v":67},{"$f":"V98","v":"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Metallic Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",60,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Metallic Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D100","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E100","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F100","v":"Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H100","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J100","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L100","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O100","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q100","v":"?"},{"$f":"R100","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S100","v":"-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T100","v":"?"},{"$f":"U100","v":60},{"$f":"V100","v":"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed 61, e202213423 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial metallic Cu NWs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-92\nmA/cm2",48,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Commercial metallic Cu NWs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D102","v":"?"},{"$f":"E102","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F102","v":"Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H102","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J102","v":"?"},{"$f":"L102","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O102","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P102","v":25},{"$f":"Q102","v":1},{"$f":"R102","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S102","v":"-0.7 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T102","v":"-92\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U102","v":48},{"$f":"V102","v":"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M102","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu(100) crystal prepared via PVD of Cu on Si(100) crystal","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu(100)-PVD","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",39,"C. Hahn et al., Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 5918-5923 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Cu(100) crystal prepared via PVD of Cu on Si(100) crystal"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D104","v":"-"},{"$f":"E104","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F104","v":"Cu(100)-PVD"},{"$f":"H104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J104","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O104","v":"Pt (?)"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q104","v":"?"},{"$f":"R104","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S104","v":"-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T104","v":"-4\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U104","v":39},{"$f":"V104","v":"C. Hahn et al., Engineering Cu surfaces for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2: Controlling selectivity toward oxygenates and hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 5918-5923 (2017)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm), on a GDL with custom MPL, hotpressed onto a Nafion membrane","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",93,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, A. Irabien, Tailoring gas-phase CO2 electroreduction selectivity to hydrocarbons at Cu nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 29, 014001 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm), on a GDL with custom MPL, hotpressed onto a Nafion membrane"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D106","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E106","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F106","v":"Commercial/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H106","v":"-"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O106","v":"DSA"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":25},{"$f":"Q106","v":1},{"$f":"R106","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S106","v":"-1.7 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl"},{"$f":"T106","v":"-7.5\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U106","v":93},{"$f":"V106","v":"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, A. Irabien, Tailoring gas-phase CO2 electroreduction selectivity to hydrocarbons at Cu nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 29, 014001 (2018)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",42,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D108","v":"-"},{"$f":"E108","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F108","v":"Cleaned/Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H108","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J108","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L108","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O108","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P108","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q108","v":"?"},{"$f":"R108","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S108","v":"-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T108","v":"-19\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U108","v":42},{"$f":"V108","v":"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M108","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-house Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-818\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"In-house Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D110","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E110","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F110","v":"Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H110","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J110","v":"FAB-PK-130,"},{"$f":"L110","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O110","v":"IrO2/GDE"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q110","v":"?"},{"$f":"R110","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S110","v":"-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T110","v":"-818\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U110","v":43},{"$f":"V110","v":"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Magnetron sputtered Cu layer (100 nm) on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.1000000000000001,"CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"M. Sassenburg et al., Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 5983-5994 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"Magnetron sputtered Cu layer (100 nm) on GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D112","v":"-"},{"$f":"E112","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F112","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J112","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L112","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O112","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q112","v":1.1000000000000001},{"$f":"R112","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S112","v":"-3.4 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T112","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U112","v":40},{"$f":"V112","v":"M. Sassenburg et al., Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 5983-5994 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,"T. Zhang et al., The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO2/CO Reduction. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, 104506 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) mixed with PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D114","v":"PTFE"},{"$f":"E114","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F114","v":"PTFE/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H114","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J114","v":"\"Sustanion\""},{"$f":"L114","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O114","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P114","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q114","v":"?"},{"$f":"R114","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S114","v":"-0.60 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T114","v":"-600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U114","v":44},{"$f":"V114","v":"T. Zhang et al., The Conventional Gas Diffusion Electrode May Not Be Resistant to Flooding during CO2/CO Reduction. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, 104506 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K114","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M114","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n+ stirring","FKB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","DSA",65,1,"CO","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",47,"M. P. Schellekens, S. J. Raaijman, M. T. M. Koper, P. J. Corbett, Temperature-dependent selectivity for CO electroreduction on copper-based gas-diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Chemical Engineering Journal 483, 149105 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D116","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E116","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F116","v":"Commercial/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H116","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J116","v":"FKB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L116","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O116","v":"DSA"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P116","v":65},{"$f":"Q116","v":1},{"$f":"R116","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S116","v":"-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T116","v":"-500\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U116","v":47},{"$f":"V116","v":"M. P. Schellekens, S. J. Raaijman, M. T. M. Koper, P. J. Corbett, Temperature-dependent selectivity for CO electroreduction on copper-based gas-diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Chemical Engineering Journal 483, 149105 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu layer magnetron-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-222\nmA/cm2",37,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Cu layer magnetron-sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D118","v":"-"},{"$f":"E118","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F118","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H118","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J118","v":"?"},{"$f":"L118","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O118","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P118","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q118","v":"?"},{"$f":"R118","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S118","v":"-1.17 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T118","v":"-222\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U118","v":37},{"$f":"V118","v":"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu sputtered on PTFE GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.2 V\nvs. ANODE","-25\nmA/cm2",48,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"Cu sputtered on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D120","v":"-"},{"$f":"E120","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F120","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H120","v":"-"},{"$f":"J120","v":"X37-50 Grade RT"},{"$f":"L120","v":"2.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O120","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q120","v":"?"},{"$f":"R120","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S120","v":"-2.2 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T120","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U120","v":48},{"$f":"V120","v":"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich), on carbon paper GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","LSC-D520 (Dupont, D-520 = Nafion)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Commercial/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2-coated Ti foam",50,"? 1","CO2","-3.69 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",48,"Sun, J. et al. Rational catalyst layer design enables tailored transport channels for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction to multi-carbon products. Energy Environ Sci, doi:10.1039/D4EE03743J (2025).",null,{"$f":"A122","v":"Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich), on carbon paper GDL"},{"$f":"C122","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D122","v":"LSC-D520 (Dupont, D-520 = Nafion)"},{"$f":"E122","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F122","v":"Commercial/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H122","v":"-"},{"$f":"J122","v":"Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT"},{"$f":"L122","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O122","v":"IrO2-coated Ti foam"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P122","v":50},{"$f":"Q122","v":"? 1"},{"$f":"R122","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S122","v":"-3.69 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T122","v":"-350\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U122","v":48},{"$f":"V122","v":"Sun, J. et al. Rational catalyst layer design enables tailored transport channels for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction to multi-carbon products. Energy Environ Sci, doi:10.1039/D4EE03743J (2025)."}]
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["Cu (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",38,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A124","v":"Cu (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C124","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D124","v":"-"},{"$f":"E124","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F124","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H124","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J124","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L124","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O124","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P124","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q124","v":"?"},{"$f":"R124","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S124","v":"-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T124","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U124","v":38},{"$f":"V124","v":"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."}]
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["Electrochemically polished Cu foil","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Echem-polish/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?",1,"CO","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-1.4\nmA/cm2",38,"Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal 8, 7445-7454, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01200 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A126","v":"Electrochemically polished Cu foil"},{"$f":"C126","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D126","v":"-"},{"$f":"E126","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F126","v":"Echem-polish/Cu_foil"},{"$f":"H126","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J126","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L126","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O126","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P126","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q126","v":1},{"$f":"R126","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S126","v":"-0.68 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T126","v":"-1.4\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U126","v":38},{"$f":"V126","v":"Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal 8, 7445-7454, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01200 (2018)."}]
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["Cu-sputtered on GDL","Metallic Cu","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-93\nmA/cm2",46,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A128","v":"Cu-sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C128","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D128","v":"-"},{"$f":"E128","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F128","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H128","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J128","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L128","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O128","v":"MMO"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P128","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q128","v":"?"},{"$f":"R128","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S128","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T128","v":"-93\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U128","v":46},{"$f":"V128","v":"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024)."}]
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["†_oxidic,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 42 % as opposed to 50 %)"]
["†_oxidic,2Derived from FE(C2H4) and j(C2H4) as opposed to the reported LSV"]
["†_oxidic,3SI table states 0.1 M KHCO3 without KBr, but text states with KBr"]
["†_oxidic,4Disagreement between numbers in main text and SI, report here number provided in main text"]
["†_oxidic,5Highly unstable signal due to continuous in-situ electrodeposition of Cu"]
["†_oxidic,6Text denotes specifically that \"L-ascorbic acid sodium\" is used, although not mentioned in SI table",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
["†_oxidic,7Text denotes \"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\", but SI table says electrolyte is 1.0 M KOH",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
["†_oxidic,8Reported total FE is unreasonably high: 106.6%",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["O2 plasma-treated (2 min, 20 W) Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",60,"H. Mistry et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nature Communications 7, 12123 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"O2 plasma-treated (2 min, 20 W) Cu plate"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D18","v":"-"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"CuOx-plasma"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",60,"H. Mistry et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nature Communications 7, 12123 (2016)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["O2 plasma-treated (20 s, 20 W) chloride-derived CuOx NCs, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_NCs-plasma","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",45,"D. Gao et al., Plasma-Activated Copper Nanocube Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. ACS Nano 11, 4825-4831 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"O2 plasma-treated (20 s, 20 W) chloride-derived CuOx NCs, on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D20","v":"-"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Cl/CuOx_NCs-plasma"},{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",45,"D. Gao et al., Plasma-Activated Copper Nanocube Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. ACS Nano 11, 4825-4831 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-FOIL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6 V -iR\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-16\nmA/cm2",56,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D22","v":"-"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Cl/CuOx_H2O2-FOIL"},{"$f":"H22","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"?"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.6 V -iR\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-16\nmA/cm2",56,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",55,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D24","v":"-"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL"},{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"?"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",55,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",61,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Chloride-derived CuOx NPs prepared via chemical oxidation (H2O2), on Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D26","v":"-"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"Cl/CuOx_H2O2-GDL"},{"$f":"H26","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"?"},{"$f":"L26","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ni"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.68 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",61,"M. G. Kibria et al., A Surface Reconstruction Route to High Productivity and Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Hydrocarbons. Advanced Materials 30, 1804867 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Partially reduced, thermally annealed/oxidized electroplated Cu nanodendrites, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-Vo-dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V (no iR)\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",63,"Z. Gu et al., Oxygen Vacancy Tuning toward Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Partially reduced, thermally annealed/oxidized electroplated Cu nanodendrites, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D28","v":"-"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"CuOx-Vo-dendrites"},{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V (no iR)\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",63,"Z. Gu et al., Oxygen Vacancy Tuning toward Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Fragmented Cu2O NPs of originally 20 nm supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragmented/Cu2O_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",57,"H. Jung et al., Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C–C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 4624-4633 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Fragmented Cu2O NPs of originally 20 nm supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D30","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E30","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F30","v":"Fragmented/Cu2O_20nm"},{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",57,"H. Jung et al., Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C–C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 4624-4633 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Branched/'spikey' CuO NPs derived from NH3-treated Cu2O NCs supported on Ketjen black, on on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Branched_CuO_NPs-NH3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",68,"J. Kim et al., Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 6986-6994 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Branched/'spikey' CuO NPs derived from NH3-treated Cu2O NCs supported on Ketjen black, on on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D32","v":"Nafion (top-coat)"},{"$f":"E32","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F32","v":"Branched_CuO_NPs-NH3"},{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",68,"J. Kim et al., Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 6986-6994 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial um-sized CuCl reduced in-situ, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuCl-derived_Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",39,"T. Qin, Y. Qian, F. Zhang, B.-L. Lin, Cloride-derived copper electrode for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chinese Chemical Letters 30, 314-318 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Commercial um-sized CuCl reduced in-situ, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Cl"},{"$f":"D34","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E34","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F34","v":"CuCl-derived_Cu"},{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.06 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",39,"T. Qin, Y. Qian, F. Zhang, B.-L. Lin, Cloride-derived copper electrode for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chinese Chemical Letters 30, 314-318 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3N NCs_20nm supported on Ketjen Carbon, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, C","Polyvinylidene\nfluoride (PVDF)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NCs_25nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Yin et al., Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Nano Letters 19, 8658-8663 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Cu3N NCs_20nm supported on Ketjen Carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, N, C"},{"$f":"D36","v":"Polyvinylidene\nfluoride (PVDF)"},{"$f":"E36","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F36","v":"Cu3N_NCs_25nm"},{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Yin et al., Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Nano Letters 19, 8658-8663 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Truncated octahedral Cu2O NPs having both {100} and {111} exposed facets supported on Carbon Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{100}/{111}-rich Cu2O NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Gao et al., Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 7, 1902820 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Truncated octahedral Cu2O NPs having both {100} and {111} exposed facets supported on Carbon Black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D38","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E38","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F38","v":"{100}/{111}-rich Cu2O NPs"},{"$f":"H38","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"?"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Gao et al., Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 7, 1902820 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","2.5 M KOH","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",65,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, O, F"},{"$f":"D40","v":"-"},{"$f":"E40","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F40","v":"Cu/F"},{"$f":"H40","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"J40","v":"NEOSEPTA"},{"$f":"L40","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O40","v":"NiFeOx on Nickel foam"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.89 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",65,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"(+ flow, - stirring)"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/F","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",52,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu(OH)F-derived Cu/F, on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, O, F"},{"$f":"D42","v":"-"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F42","v":"Cu/F"},{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"NEOSEPTA"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"NiFeOx on Nickel foam"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",52,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"(+ flow, - stirring)"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu(OH)Cl-derived Cu/Cl, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cl","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","- flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",57,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Cu(OH)Cl-derived Cu/Cl, on GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D44","v":"-"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F44","v":"Cu/Cl"},{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF"},{"$f":"J44","v":"NEOSEPTA"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF"},{"$f":"O44","v":"NiFeOx on Nickel foam"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",57,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"(+ flow, - stirring)"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu(OH)Br-derived Cu/Br, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Br","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-345\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu(OH)Br-derived Cu/Br, on GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, O, Br"},{"$f":"D46","v":"-"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F46","v":"Cu/Br"},{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF"},{"$f":"J46","v":"NEOSEPTA"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M KF"},{"$f":"O46","v":"NiFeOx on Nickel foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-345\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Ma et al., Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper. Nature Catalysis 3, 478-487 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Multi-shelled CuO microboxes, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO-microbox","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Tan et al., Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 13, 768-774 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Multi-shelled CuO microboxes, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D48","v":"Nafion D-521"},{"$f":"E48","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F48","v":"CuO-microbox"},{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M K2SO4 (pH 5.8)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,"D. Tan et al., Multi-shelled CuO microboxes for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 13, 768-774 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemically reduced CuO micropore nanowire-modified Cu foam; oxygen-bearing copper micropore NWs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","OB-CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"W. Zhang et al., Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 11417-11427 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Electrochemically reduced CuO micropore nanowire-modified Cu foam; oxygen-bearing copper micropore NWs"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D50","v":"-"},{"$f":"E50","v":"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"},{"$f":"F50","v":"OB-CuOx_NWs"},{"$f":"H50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",45,"W. Zhang et al., Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 11417-11427 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Branched/'spikey' Cu NPs obtained from KOH addition to catalyst ink, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, KOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Branched_Cu_NPs-KOH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx","?","?","CO2","-3.25 V\nvs. ANODE","-281\nmA/cm2",55,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Branched/'spikey' Cu NPs obtained from KOH addition to catalyst ink, on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D52","v":"Nafion, KOH"},{"$f":"E52","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F52","v":"Branched_Cu_NPs-KOH"},{"$f":"H52","v":"-"},{"$f":"J52","v":"X37–50"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O52","v":"IrOx"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.25 V\nvs. ANODE","-281\nmA/cm2",55,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3(PO4)2-derived Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2 NS-derived Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.48 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",67,"B. Zhang et al., Steering CO2 electroreduction toward methane or ethylene production. Nano Energy 88, 106239 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Cu3(PO4)2-derived Cu NPs on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D54","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E54","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F54","v":"Cu3(PO4)2 NS-derived Cu"},{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.48 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",67,"B. Zhang et al., Steering CO2 electroreduction toward methane or ethylene production. Nano Energy 88, 106239 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroreduced KOH-derived Cu(OH)2 nanorods on Cu-sputtered carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2-derived Cu-CP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe-LDH/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",58,"D. Zhong et al., Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 4879-4885 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Electroreduced KOH-derived Cu(OH)2 nanorods on Cu-sputtered carbon paper"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D56","v":"-"},{"$f":"E56","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F56","v":"Cu(OH)2-derived Cu-CP"},{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"NiFe-LDH/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",58,"D. Zhong et al., Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 4879-4885 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["KOH anodization-derived CuO nanoplate on Cu-sputtered GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanoplate arrays","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2@Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.81 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",84,"W. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays. Nature Communications 13, 1877 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"KOH anodization-derived CuO nanoplate on Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D58","v":"-"},{"$f":"E58","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F58","v":"CuO nanoplate arrays"},{"$f":"H58","v":"-"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.5M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O58","v":"IrO2@Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q58","v":"?"},{"$f":"R58","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S58","v":"-0.81 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T58","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U58","v":84},{"$f":"V58","v":"W. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays. Nature Communications 13, 1877 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Star shaped {322}-rich Cu2O large NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","{322}-rich Cu2O particles","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",74,"H. Luo, B. Li, J.-G. Ma, P. Cheng, Surface Modification of Nano-Cu2O for Controlling CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Ethylene and Syngas. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202116736 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Star shaped {322}-rich Cu2O large NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D60","v":"Nafion D-521"},{"$f":"E60","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F60","v":"{322}-rich Cu2O particles"},{"$f":"H60","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q60","v":"?"},{"$f":"R60","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S60","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T60","v":"-11\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U60","v":74},{"$f":"V60","v":"H. Luo, B. Li, J.-G. Ma, P. Cheng, Surface Modification of Nano-Cu2O for Controlling CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Ethylene and Syngas. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202116736 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Li-deficient Li2CuO2 microparticles","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Li2-xCuO2 particles","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 on GDL",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-195\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Li-deficient Li2CuO2 microparticles"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, O, Li"},{"$f":"D62","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E62","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F62","v":"Li2-xCuO2 particles"},{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"X37-\n50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"IrO2 on GDL"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":25},{"$f":"Q62","v":1},{"$f":"R62","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S62","v":"-0.85 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T62","v":"-195\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U62","v":51},{"$f":"V62","v":"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["F-doped CuO large NPs","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F-doped CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-320\nmA/cm2",46,"X. Yan et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products on fluorine-doped copper. Green Chemistry 24, 1989-1994 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"F-doped CuO large NPs"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, O, F"},{"$f":"D64","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E64","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F64","v":"F-doped CuO"},{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q64","v":"?"},{"$f":"R64","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S64","v":"-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T64","v":"-320\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U64","v":46},{"$f":"V64","v":"X. Yan et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products on fluorine-doped copper. Green Chemistry 24, 1989-1994 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Non-swelling anion exchange ionomer (AEI)-modified electroreduced CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","AEI: Xenergy Pention D 18, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO nanosheets with AEI binder","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.78 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",65,"Y. Zhao et al., Industrial-Current-Density CO2-to-C2+ Electroreduction by Anti-swelling Anion-Exchange Ionomer-Modified Oxide-Derived Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 10446-10454 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Non-swelling anion exchange ionomer (AEI)-modified electroreduced CuO nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D66","v":"AEI: Xenergy Pention D 18, PTFE"},{"$f":"E66","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F66","v":"CuO nanosheets with AEI binder"},{"$f":"H66","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Fumasep FAA PK 130"},{"$f":"L66","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q66","v":"?"},{"$f":"R66","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S66","v":"-0.78 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T66","v":"-800\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U66","v":65},{"$f":"V66","v":"Y. Zhao et al., Industrial-Current-Density CO2-to-C2+ Electroreduction by Anti-swelling Anion-Exchange Ionomer-Modified Oxide-Derived Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 10446-10454 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Oxygen-assisted plasma induced N-doped CuO NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped CuO NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",56,"D. G. Park et al., Increasing CO Binding Energy and Defects by Preserving Cu Oxidation State via O2-Plasma-Assisted N Doping on CuO Enables High C2+ Selectivity and Long-Term Stability in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 9222-9233 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Oxygen-assisted plasma induced N-doped CuO NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},{"$f":"D68","v":"-"},{"$f":"E68","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F68","v":"N-doped CuO NPs"},{"$f":"H68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Selemion AMVN"},{"$f":"L68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q68","v":"?"},{"$f":"R68","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S68","v":"-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T68","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U68","v":56},{"$f":"V68","v":"D. G. Park et al., Increasing CO Binding Energy and Defects by Preserving Cu Oxidation State via O2-Plasma-Assisted N Doping on CuO Enables High C2+ Selectivity and Long-Term Stability in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 9222-9233 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",55,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D70","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E70","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F70","v":"CO/Porous Cu NCs"},{"$f":"H70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q70","v":"?"},{"$f":"R70","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S70","v":"-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T70","v":"-3\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U70","v":55},{"$f":"V70","v":"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO/Porous Cu NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",57,"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Grainboundary-rich defective Cu NCs derived from CO-assisted thermally reduced Cu2O NCs supported on carbon black (XC-72R), on GDL"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D72","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E72","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F72","v":"CO/Porous Cu NCs"},{"$f":"H72","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L72","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q72","v":"?"},{"$f":"R72","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S72","v":"-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T72","v":"-500\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U72","v":57},{"$f":"V72","v":"Q. Wu et al., Nanograin-Boundary-Abundant Cu2O-Cu Nanocubes with High C2+ Selectivity and Good Stability during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at a Current Density of 500 mA/cm2. ACS Nano 17, 12884-12894 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2(PO4)(OH) microrods, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2(PO4)(OH)_um rods","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-265\nmA/cm2",44,"Y. Zhang et al., Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods. AIChE Journal n/a, e18233 (2023).",null,"Cu2(PO4)(OH) microrods, on GDL",{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D74","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E74","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F74","v":"Cu2(PO4)(OH)_um rods"},{"$f":"H74","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"?"},{"$f":"L74","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q74","v":"?"},{"$f":"R74","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S74","v":"-1.38 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T74","v":"-265\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U74","v":44},{"$f":"V74","v":"Y. Zhang et al., Direct reduction of diluted CO2 gas to C2 products by copper hydroxyphosphate microrods. AIChE Journal n/a, e18233 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ reconstruction-driven (2D) defective CuO NWs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-324\nmA/cm2",62,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",null,"In-situ reconstruction-driven (2D) defective CuO NWs, on GDL",{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D76","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E76","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F76","v":"Defective CuO NWs"},{"$f":"H76","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J76","v":"Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L76","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Ni foam/CP"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q76","v":"?"},{"$f":"R76","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S76","v":"-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T76","v":"-324\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U76","v":62},{"$f":"V76","v":"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Microwave-assisted additional Cu-induced activity enhanced CuO nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Post-modified CuO NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",47,"J. Jang et al., Facile design of oxide-derived Cu nanosheet electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. EcoMat n/a, e12334 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Microwave-assisted additional Cu-induced activity enhanced CuO nanosheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D78","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E78","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F78","v":"Post-modified CuO NSs"},{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q78","v":"?"},{"$f":"R78","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S78","v":"-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T78","v":"-29\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U78","v":47},{"$f":"V78","v":"J. Jang et al., Facile design of oxide-derived Cu nanosheet electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. EcoMat n/a, e12334 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Defective CuO NSs-1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",83,"B. Zhang et al., Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 13606-13613 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D80","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E80","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F80","v":"Defective CuO NSs-1"},{"$f":"H80","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L80","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q80","v":"?"},{"$f":"R80","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S80","v":"-1.18 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T80","v":"-60\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U80","v":83},{"$f":"V80","v":"B. Zhang et al., Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 13606-13613 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05M H2SO4 + 3 M KCl (pH 0.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx @ Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",47,"Z. Ma et al., CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nature Communications 13, 7596 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D82","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E82","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F82","v":"Defective CuO NSs-2"},{"$f":"H82","v":"0.05M H2SO4 + 3 M KCl (pH 0.5)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.05M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O82","v":"IrOx @ Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":25},{"$f":"Q82","v":1},{"$f":"R82","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S82","v":"-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T82","v":"-560\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U82","v":47},{"$f":"V82","v":"Z. Ma et al., CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products in strongly acidic electrolyte via synergistically modulating the local microenvironment. Nature Communications 13, 7596 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ultrasonic-assisted defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Defective CuO NSs-3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam/CP","?","?","CO2","-0.52 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",63,"J. Zhang et al., Grain Boundary-Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 9, 2200454 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Ultrasonic-assisted defective CuO-derived Cu nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D84","v":"-"},{"$f":"E84","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F84","v":"Defective CuO NSs-3"},{"$f":"H84","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L84","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Ni foam/CP"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q84","v":"?"},{"$f":"R84","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S84","v":"-0.52 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T84","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U84","v":63},{"$f":"V84","v":"J. Zhang et al., Grain Boundary-Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science 9, 2200454 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Metal–organic polyhedra-derived hollow CuOx NP based spheres","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow CuOx spheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-143\nmA/cm2",61,"R.-X. Yang et al., Self-Assembly of Hydroxyl Metal–Organic Polyhedra and Polymer into Cu-Based Hollow Spheres for Product-Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Small Structures 2, 2100012 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Metal–organic polyhedra-derived hollow CuOx NP based spheres"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D86","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E86","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F86","v":"Hollow CuOx spheres"},{"$f":"H86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J86","v":"?"},{"$f":"L86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q86","v":"?"},{"$f":"R86","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S86","v":"-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T86","v":"-143\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U86","v":61},{"$f":"V86","v":"R.-X. Yang et al., Self-Assembly of Hydroxyl Metal–Organic Polyhedra and Polymer into Cu-Based Hollow Spheres for Product-Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Small Structures 2, 2100012 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","10.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-275\nmA/cm2",66,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D88","v":"-"},{"$f":"E88","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F88","v":"25 nm Cu layer"},{"$f":"H88","v":"10.0 M KOH "},{"$f":"J88","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L88","v":"10.0 M KOH "},{"$f":"O88","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q88","v":"?"},{"$f":"R88","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S88","v":"-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T88","v":"-275\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U88","v":66},{"$f":"V88","v":"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","25 nm Cu layer","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",65,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"25 nm-thick Cu layer, evaporated on GDL"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D90","v":"-"},{"$f":"E90","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F90","v":"25 nm Cu layer"},{"$f":"H90","v":"5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L90","v":"5.5 M KOH + 4 M KI"},{"$f":"O90","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q90","v":"?"},{"$f":"R90","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S90","v":"-0.62 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T90","v":"-500\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U90","v":65},{"$f":"V90","v":"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D92","v":"-"},{"$f":"E92","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F92","v":"Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE"},{"$f":"H92","v":"7.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J92","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L92","v":"7.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O92","v":"NiFeOx"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q92","v":"?"},{"$f":"R92","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S92","v":"-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T92","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U92","v":70},{"$f":"V92","v":"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Octahedral 500 nm Cu2O particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Octahedral Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,"Y. Wu et al., Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu2O on the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6340-6344 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Octahedral 500 nm Cu2O particles, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D94","v":"Nafion D-521"},{"$f":"E94","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F94","v":"Octahedral Cu2O"},{"$f":"H94","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L94","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":25},{"$f":"Q94","v":"?"},{"$f":"R94","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S94","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T94","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U94","v":51},{"$f":"V94","v":"Y. Wu et al., Effect of the coordination environment of Cu in Cu2O on the electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6340-6344 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{100}-rich sputtered Cu in presence of gaseous O2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}-rich CuOx-film","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Activated Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.75 V\nvs. RHE","-122\nmA/cm2",59,"G. Zhang et al., Efficient CO2 electroreduction on facet-selective copper films with high conversion rate. Nature Communications 12, 5745 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"{100}-rich sputtered Cu in presence of gaseous O2, on GDL"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D96","v":"-"},{"$f":"E96","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F96","v":"{100}-rich CuOx-film"},{"$f":"H96","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J96","v":"Fumatech FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L96","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Activated Ni foam"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P96","v":25},{"$f":"Q96","v":"?"},{"$f":"R96","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S96","v":"-0.75 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T96","v":"-122\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U96","v":59},{"$f":"V96","v":"G. Zhang et al., Efficient CO2 electroreduction on facet-selective copper films with high conversion rate. Nature Communications 12, 5745 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",67,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D98","v":"-"},{"$f":"E98","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F98","v":"Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/C"},{"$f":"H98","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L98","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O98","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q98","v":"?"},{"$f":"R98","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S98","v":"-1.27 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T98","v":"-700\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U98","v":67},{"$f":"V98","v":"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",71,"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Grainboundary-rich Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu nanoribbons with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D100","v":"-"},{"$f":"E100","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F100","v":"Cu2CO3(OH)2-derived Cu/PTFE"},{"$f":"H100","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J100","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L100","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O100","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q100","v":"?"},{"$f":"R100","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S100","v":"-1.6 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T100","v":"-700\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U100","v":71},{"$f":"V100","v":"L. Bian et al., Grain boundary-abundant copper nanoribbons on balanced gas-liquid diffusion electrodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 54, 199-211 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Porous/partially hollow core/shell Cu2O microparticles,  on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Core/shell_Cu2O-micro","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-260\nmA/cm2",58,"J. Lu et al., Nanoconfinement Effects of Yolk–Shell Cu2O Catalyst for Improved C2+ Selectivity and Cu+ Stability in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 20746-20756 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Porous/partially hollow core/shell Cu2O microparticles,  on GDL"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D102","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E102","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F102","v":"Core/shell_Cu2O-micro"},{"$f":"H102","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J102","v":"Fumasep FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L102","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O102","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P102","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q102","v":"?"},{"$f":"R102","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S102","v":"-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T102","v":"-260\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U102","v":58},{"$f":"V102","v":"J. Lu et al., Nanoconfinement Effects of Yolk–Shell Cu2O Catalyst for Improved C2+ Selectivity and Cu+ Stability in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction. ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 20746-20756 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M102","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Hybrid material composed of graphene oxide nanodots on CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GO-nanodot/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA–PK–130)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",60,"R. Du et al., Cu-C(O) Interfaces Deliver Remarkable Selectivity and Stability for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products at Industrial Current Density of 500 mA cm−2. Small 19, 2301289 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Hybrid material composed of graphene oxide nanodots on CuO nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D104","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E104","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F104","v":"GO-nanodot/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H104","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J104","v":"Fumasep FAA–PK–130)"},{"$f":"L104","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O104","v":"IrO2/C"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q104","v":"?"},{"$f":"R104","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S104","v":"-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T104","v":"-500\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U104","v":60},{"$f":"V104","v":"R. Du et al., Cu-C(O) Interfaces Deliver Remarkable Selectivity and Stability for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products at Industrial Current Density of 500 mA cm−2. Small 19, 2301289 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M104","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.45 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",70,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D106","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E106","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F106","v":"Cu3(PO4)2_particles/C"},{"$f":"H106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O106","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q106","v":"?"},{"$f":"R106","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S106","v":"-1.45 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T106","v":"-23\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U106","v":70},{"$f":"V106","v":"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu2P2O7 particles, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2P2O7_particles/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",64,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Cu2P2O7 particles, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D108","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E108","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F108","v":"Cu2P2O7_particles/C"},{"$f":"H108","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J108","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L108","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O108","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P108","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q108","v":"?"},{"$f":"R108","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S108","v":"-1.40 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T108","v":"-18\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U108","v":64},{"$f":"V108","v":"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M108","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3(PO4)2_particles/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"Cu3(PO4)2 particles, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D110","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E110","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F110","v":"Cu3(PO4)2_particles/PTFE"},{"$f":"H110","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J110","v":"?"},{"$f":"L110","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O110","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q110","v":"?"},{"$f":"R110","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S110","v":"-2.4 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T110","v":"-350\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U110","v":53},{"$f":"V110","v":"X. Y. Zhang et al., Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface. Nature Communications 14, 7681 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Nitridized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",60,"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"Nitridized Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu, N"},{"$f":"D112","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E112","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F112","v":"N/Cu-NPs"},{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J112","v":"Sustainion, X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O112","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q112","v":"?"},{"$f":"R112","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S112","v":"?"},{"$f":"T112","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U112","v":60},{"$f":"V112","v":"H. Phong Duong et al., Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202310788 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",78,"H. P. Duong et al., Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 12, 10285-10293 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu, O, Al (?)"},{"$f":"D114","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E114","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F114","v":"CuOx dendrites"},{"$f":"H114","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J114","v":"Sustainion X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L114","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O114","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P114","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q114","v":"?"},{"$f":"R114","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S114","v":"?"},{"$f":"T114","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U114","v":78},{"$f":"V114","v":"H. P. Duong et al., Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer. ACS Catal 12, 10285-10293 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K114","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M114","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Al (?)","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-59 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/SS","?","?","CO","-3.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-100\nmA/cm2",68,"N.-H. Tran et al., Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 and CO Reduction via Engineering Membrane Electrode Assembly with Porous Dendritic Copper Oxide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 31933-31941 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Calcined (in Al foil!) electroplated Cu dendrites, on GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu, O, Al (?)"},{"$f":"D116","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E116","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F116","v":"CuOx dendrites"},{"$f":"H116","v":"-"},{"$f":"J116","v":"Sustainion X37-59 Grade 60"},{"$f":"L116","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O116","v":"NiFe/SS"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P116","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q116","v":"?"},{"$f":"R116","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S116","v":"-3.1 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T116","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U116","v":68},{"$f":"V116","v":"N.-H. Tran et al., Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 and CO Reduction via Engineering Membrane Electrode Assembly with Porous Dendritic Copper Oxide. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 31933-31941 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial oxygen-passivated Cu NPs (<100 nm), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-NPs<100nm_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (verify)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","?","-300\nmA/cm2",53,"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Commercial oxygen-passivated Cu NPs (<100 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D118","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E118","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F118","v":"CuOx-NPs<100nm_commercial"},{"$f":"H118","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (verify)"},{"$f":"J118","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L118","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O118","v":"?"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P118","v":25},{"$f":"Q118","v":"?"},{"$f":"R118","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S118","v":"?"},{"$f":"T118","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U118","v":53},{"$f":"V118","v":"N. S. Romero Cuellar, K. Wiesner-Fleischer, M. Fleischer, A. Rucki, O. Hinrichsen, Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochimica Acta 307, 164-175 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NP nanospheres, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx nanospheres","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",65,"J. Li et al., Constraining CO coverage on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nature Catalysis 2, 1124-1131 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"CuOx NP nanospheres, on GDL"},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D120","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E120","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F120","v":"CuOx nanospheres"},{"$f":"H120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J120","v":"Fumasep FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O120","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q120","v":1},{"$f":"R120","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S120","v":"-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T120","v":"-1250\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U120","v":65},{"$f":"V120","v":"J. Li et al., Constraining CO coverage on copper promotes high-efficiency ethylene electroproduction. Nature Catalysis 2, 1124-1131 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["15 nm Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15nm-Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Ma et al., One-step electrosynthesis of ethylene and ethanol from CO2 in an alkaline electrolyzer. Journal of Power Sources 301, 219-228 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A122","v":"15 nm Cu2O NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C122","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D122","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E122","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F122","v":"15nm-Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H122","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J122","v":"Fumatech"},{"$f":"L122","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O122","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P122","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q122","v":"?"},{"$f":"R122","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S122","v":"-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T122","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U122","v":46},{"$f":"V122","v":"S. Ma et al., One-step electrosynthesis of ethylene and ethanol from CO2 in an alkaline electrolyzer. Journal of Power Sources 301, 219-228 (2016)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G122","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K122","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["80-100 nm Cu2−xS NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, S","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","90nm-Cu2Sx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate (?)","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",69,"C. He et al., Cu2−xS derived copper nanoparticles: A platform for unraveling the role of surface reconstruction in efficient electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Nano Research 16, 4494-4498 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A124","v":"80-100 nm Cu2−xS NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C124","v":"Cu, S"},{"$f":"D124","v":"-"},{"$f":"E124","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F124","v":"90nm-Cu2Sx_NPs"},{"$f":"H124","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J124","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L124","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O124","v":"Pt plate (?)"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P124","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q124","v":"?"},{"$f":"R124","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S124","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T124","v":"-51\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U124","v":69},{"$f":"V124","v":"C. He et al., Cu2−xS derived copper nanoparticles: A platform for unraveling the role of surface reconstruction in efficient electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2H4 conversion. Nano Research 16, 4494-4498 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G124","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I124","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K124","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M124","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Partially thermally reduced electroplated Cu2Ox with NH4Cl-induced high step density, on plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","High step CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",51,"X. Ren, X. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wang, Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 38, 125-131 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A126","v":"Partially thermally reduced electroplated Cu2Ox with NH4Cl-induced high step density, on plate"},{"$f":"C126","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D126","v":"-"},{"$f":"E126","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F126","v":"High step CuOx"},{"$f":"H126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J126","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O126","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P126","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q126","v":"?"},{"$f":"R126","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S126","v":"-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T126","v":"-31\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U126","v":51},{"$f":"V126","v":"X. Ren, X. Zhang, X. Cao, Q. Wang, Efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene boosted by copper vacancies on stepped cuprous oxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 38, 125-131 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G126","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I126","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K126","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M126","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{111}-facet rich octahedral Cu2O NPs supported on hydroxl-rich acetylene black carbon, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","OH-C/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",67,"Y. Gao et al., Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite. Small 18, 2105212 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A128","v":"{111}-facet rich octahedral Cu2O NPs supported on hydroxl-rich acetylene black carbon, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C128","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D128","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E128","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F128","v":"OH-C/Cu2O"},{"$f":"H128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J128","v":"?"},{"$f":"L128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O128","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P128","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q128","v":"?"},{"$f":"R128","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S128","v":"-1.1 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T128","v":"-67\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U128","v":67},{"$f":"V128","v":"Y. Gao et al., Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4 Production by Inhibiting C2H5OH Desorption from Cu2O/C Composite. Small 18, 2105212 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G128","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I128","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K128","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M128","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Spherical 20 nm CuO NPs with loading of 1.7 mg/cm2, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O ","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1.7/CuO_20nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",40,"?","CO2","-1.02 V\nvs. RHE","-1600\nmA/cm2",50,"A. Inoue, T. Harada, S. Nakanishi, K. Kamiya, Ultra-high-rate CO2 reduction reactions to multicarbon products with a current density of 1.7 A cm−2 in neutral electrolytes. EES Catalysis 1, 9-16 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A130","v":"Spherical 20 nm CuO NPs with loading of 1.7 mg/cm2, on GDL"},{"$f":"C130","v":"Cu, O "},{"$f":"D130","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E130","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F130","v":"1.7/CuO_20nm"},{"$f":"H130","v":"1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J130","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L130","v":"1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O130","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P130","v":40},{"$f":"Q130","v":"?"},{"$f":"R130","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S130","v":"-1.02 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T130","v":"-1600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U130","v":50},{"$f":"V130","v":"A. Inoue, T. Harada, S. Nakanishi, K. Kamiya, Ultra-high-rate CO2 reduction reactions to multicarbon products with a current density of 1.7 A cm−2 in neutral electrolytes. EES Catalysis 1, 9-16 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G130","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I130","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K130","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M130","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Iodine-doped copper oxychloride NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOCl","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",20,"?","CO2","-1.71 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Bai et al., Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction. Science Bulletin 66, 62-68 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A132","v":"Iodine-doped copper oxychloride NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C132","v":"Cu, O, Cl, I"},{"$f":"D132","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E132","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F132","v":"I/CuOCl"},{"$f":"H132","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J132","v":"-"},{"$f":"L132","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O132","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P132","v":20},{"$f":"Q132","v":"?"},{"$f":"R132","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S132","v":"-1.71 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T132","v":"-29\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U132","v":70},{"$f":"V132","v":"H. Bai et al., Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction. Science Bulletin 66, 62-68 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G132","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I132","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K132","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M132","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A134","v":"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C134","v":"Cu, O, I"},{"$f":"D134","v":"-"},{"$f":"E134","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F134","v":"I/CuOx"},{"$f":"H134","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J134","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L134","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O134","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P134","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q134","v":"?"},{"$f":"R134","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S134","v":"-1.09 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T134","v":"-26\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U134","v":60},{"$f":"V134","v":"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G134","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I134","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K134","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M134","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO","-0.56 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",68,"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A136","v":"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C136","v":"Cu, O, I"},{"$f":"D136","v":"-"},{"$f":"E136","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F136","v":"I/CuOx"},{"$f":"H136","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J136","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L136","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O136","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P136","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q136","v":"?"},{"$f":"R136","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S136","v":"-0.56 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T136","v":"-8\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U136","v":68},{"$f":"V136","v":"J. Han et al., A reconstructed porous copper surface promotes selectivity and efficiency toward C2 products by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 11, 10698-10704 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G136","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K136","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","I/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A138","v":"Electrochemical-assisted iodine-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C138","v":"Cu, O, I"},{"$f":"D138","v":"-"},{"$f":"E138","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F138","v":"I/CuOx#2"},{"$f":"H138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J138","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O138","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N138","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P138","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q138","v":"?"},{"$f":"R138","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S138","v":"-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T138","v":"-40\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U138","v":50},{"$f":"V138","v":"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G138","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I138","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K138","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M138","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N138","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted bromine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Br","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Br/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",51,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A140","v":"Electrochemical-assisted bromine-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C140","v":"Cu, O, Br"},{"$f":"D140","v":"-"},{"$f":"E140","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F140","v":"Br/CuOx#2"},{"$f":"H140","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J140","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L140","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O140","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N140","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P140","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q140","v":"?"},{"$f":"R140","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S140","v":"-1.10 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T140","v":"-43\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U140","v":51},{"$f":"V140","v":"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G140","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I140","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K140","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M140","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N140","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cl/CuOx#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",50,"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A142","v":"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C142","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D142","v":"-"},{"$f":"E142","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F142","v":"Cl/CuOx#2"},{"$f":"H142","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J142","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L142","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O142","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P142","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q142","v":"?"},{"$f":"R142","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S142","v":"-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T142","v":"-40\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U142","v":50},{"$f":"V142","v":"T. Kim, G. T. R. Palmore, A scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into C2+ products. Nature Communications 11, 3622 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G142","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I142","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K142","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M142","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Anodization-dirived Cu2O NWs on Cu-sputtered FTO glass","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",65,"A. H. Shah et al., New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction over oxide-derived copper. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, 2046-2053 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A144","v":"Anodization-dirived Cu2O NWs on Cu-sputtered FTO glass"},{"$f":"C144","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D144","v":"-"},{"$f":"E144","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F144","v":"CuOx_NWs"},{"$f":"H144","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J144","v":"-"},{"$f":"L144","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O144","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P144","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q144","v":"?"},{"$f":"R144","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S144","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T144","v":"-2\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U144","v":65},{"$f":"V144","v":"A. H. Shah et al., New aspects of C2 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction over oxide-derived copper. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, 2046-2053 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G144","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I144","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K144","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M144","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Water-quenced 500 C-warm CuO particles, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Quenched/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,"?","CO2","-0.84 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,1 (50)","C. Yang et al., Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 570, 375-381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A146","v":"Water-quenced 500 C-warm CuO particles, on GDL"},{"$f":"C146","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D146","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E146","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F146","v":"Quenched/CuO"},{"$f":"H146","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J146","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L146","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O146","v":"IrO2/C"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P146","v":25},{"$f":"Q146","v":"?"},{"$f":"R146","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S146","v":"-0.84 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T146","v":"-40\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U146","v":"42†_oxidic,1 (50)"},{"$f":"V146","v":"C. Yang et al., Fast cooling induced grain-boundary-rich copper oxide for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to ethanol. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 570, 375-381 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G146","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K146","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["O2-driven oxidized Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O2/CuOx-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",58,"Z. Lyu et al., Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 1909-1915 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A148","v":"O2-driven oxidized Cu NWs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C148","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D148","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E148","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F148","v":"H2O2/CuOx-NWs"},{"$f":"H148","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J148","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L148","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O148","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N148","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P148","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q148","v":"?"},{"$f":"R148","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S148","v":"-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T148","v":"-34\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U148","v":58},{"$f":"V148","v":"Z. Lyu et al., Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 1909-1915 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G148","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I148","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K148","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M148","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N148","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted carbonate-reconstructed Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","K2CO3/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",49,"D. Gao et al., Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 17047-17053 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A150","v":"Electrochemical-assisted carbonate-reconstructed Cu foil"},{"$f":"C150","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D150","v":"-"},{"$f":"E150","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F150","v":"K2CO3/CuOx"},{"$f":"H150","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J150","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L150","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O150","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N150","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P150","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q150","v":"?"},{"$f":"R150","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S150","v":"-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T150","v":"-3\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U150","v":49},{"$f":"V150","v":"D. Gao et al., Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 17047-17053 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G150","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I150","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K150","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M150","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N150","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W / 2 min) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",50,"D. Gao, F. Scholten, B. Roldan Cuenya, Improved CO2 Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect. ACS Catal 7, 5112-5120 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A152","v":"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W / 2 min) treated Cu foil"},{"$f":"C152","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D152","v":"-"},{"$f":"E152","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F152","v":"CuOx-plasma#2"},{"$f":"H152","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"J152","v":"Nafion 211"},{"$f":"L152","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"O152","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N152","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P152","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q152","v":"?"},{"$f":"R152","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S152","v":"-1.04 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T152","v":"-53\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U152","v":50},{"$f":"V152","v":"D. Gao, F. Scholten, B. Roldan Cuenya, Improved CO2 Electroreduction Performance on Plasma-Activated Cu Catalysts via Electrolyte Design: Halide Effect. ACS Catal 7, 5112-5120 (2017)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G152","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I152","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K152","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M152","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N152","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemically restructured Cu by cycling in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 16 mM KCl as per [insert Robert Sloan ref], on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HCO3/Cl/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,"Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A. T. Bell, J. W. Ager, Optimizing C–C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. J Phys Chem C 121, 14191-14203 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A154","v":"Electrochemically restructured Cu by cycling in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 16 mM KCl as per [insert Robert Sloan ref], on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C154","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D154","v":"-"},{"$f":"E154","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F154","v":"HCO3/Cl/CuOx"},{"$f":"H154","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J154","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L154","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O154","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N154","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P154","v":25},{"$f":"Q154","v":1},{"$f":"R154","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S154","v":"-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T154","v":"-14\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U154","v":45},{"$f":"V154","v":"Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A. T. Bell, J. W. Ager, Optimizing C–C Coupling on Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. J Phys Chem C 121, 14191-14203 (2017)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G154","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I154","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K154","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M154","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N154","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W) treated Cu foil","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx-plasma#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",49,"D. Gao et al., Activity and Selectivity Control in CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products over CuOx Catalysts via Electrolyte Design. ACS Catal 8, 10012-10020 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A156","v":"O2 plasma (400 mTorr / 20 W) treated Cu foil"},{"$f":"C156","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D156","v":"-"},{"$f":"E156","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F156","v":"CuOx-plasma#3"},{"$f":"H156","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"J156","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L156","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"O156","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N156","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P156","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q156","v":"?"},{"$f":"R156","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S156","v":"-0.96 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T156","v":"-41\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U156","v":49},{"$f":"V156","v":"D. Gao et al., Activity and Selectivity Control in CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products over CuOx Catalysts via Electrolyte Design. ACS Catal 8, 10012-10020 (2018)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G156","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I156","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K156","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M156","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N156","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Pre-reduced (CO2RR conditions) CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pre-reduced/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",45,"Z. Xu et al., Dynamic restructuring induced Cu nanoparticles with ideal nanostructure for selective multi-carbon compounds production via carbon dioxide electroreduction. Journal of Catalysis 383, 42-50 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A158","v":"Pre-reduced (CO2RR conditions) CuO NSs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C158","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D158","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E158","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F158","v":"Pre-reduced/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H158","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J158","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L158","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O158","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N158","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P158","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q158","v":"?"},{"$f":"R158","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S158","v":"-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T158","v":"-35\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U158","v":45},{"$f":"V158","v":"Z. Xu et al., Dynamic restructuring induced Cu nanoparticles with ideal nanostructure for selective multi-carbon compounds production via carbon dioxide electroreduction. Journal of Catalysis 383, 42-50 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G158","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I158","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K158","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M158","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N158","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Mixed valency CuOx/Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Yang, W. Fang, Q. Wang, P. Deng, B. Y. Xia, Optimizing Copper Oxidation State to Promote Ethylene Generation in Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 4677-4682 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A160","v":"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C160","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D160","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E160","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F160","v":"Mixed/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H160","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J160","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L160","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O160","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N160","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P160","v":25},{"$f":"Q160","v":"?"},{"$f":"R160","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S160","v":"-1.3 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T160","v":"-18\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U160","v":53},{"$f":"V160","v":"F. Yang, W. Fang, Q. Wang, P. Deng, B. Y. Xia, Optimizing Copper Oxidation State to Promote Ethylene Generation in Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 4677-4682 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G160","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I160","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K160","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M160","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N160","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A162","v":"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C162","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D162","v":"-"},{"$f":"E162","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F162","v":"Electroplated/Cu(OH)x_dendrites"},{"$f":"H162","v":"0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J162","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L162","v":"0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O162","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N162","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P162","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q162","v":"?"},{"$f":"R162","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S162","v":"?"},{"$f":"T162","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U162","v":56},{"$f":"V162","v":"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G162","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I162","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K162","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M162","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N162","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Partially oxidized Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO","?","-200\nmA/cm2",41,"R. Kurihara et al., Carbon Monoxide Reduction Reaction to Produce Multicarbon Products in Acidic Electrolytes Using Gas Diffusion Electrode Loaded with Copper Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials Interfaces n/a, 2300731 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A164","v":"Partially oxidized Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C164","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D164","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E164","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F164","v":"CuOx NPs"},{"$f":"H164","v":"0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)"},{"$f":"J164","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L164","v":"0.5 M KH2PO4 + 0.5 M K2HPO4 + 0.5 M KCl (pH 6.5)"},{"$f":"O164","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N164","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P164","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q164","v":"?"},{"$f":"R164","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S164","v":"?"},{"$f":"T164","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U164","v":41},{"$f":"V164","v":"R. Kurihara et al., Carbon Monoxide Reduction Reaction to Produce Multicarbon Products in Acidic Electrolytes Using Gas Diffusion Electrode Loaded with Copper Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials Interfaces n/a, 2300731 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G164","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I164","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K164","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M164","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N164","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Mixed valency CuOx/Cu aerogel, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Aero/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,"C. Kim et al., Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2102142 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A166","v":"Mixed valency CuOx/Cu aerogel, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C166","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D166","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E166","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F166","v":"Aero/CuOx"},{"$f":"H166","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J166","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L166","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O166","v":"Pt coil"},{"$f":"N166","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P166","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q166","v":"?"},{"$f":"R166","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S166","v":"-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T166","v":"-79\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U166","v":40},{"$f":"V166","v":"C. Kim et al., Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2102142 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G166","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I166","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K166","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M166","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N166","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated (1 C/cm2) Cu2O from lactic-acid containing bath, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lactate/Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-183\nmA/cm2",67,"D. Anastasiadou, M. Schellekens, M. de Heer, S. Verma, E. Negro, Electrodeposited Cu2O Films on Gas Diffusion Layers for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 6, 3928-3932 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A168","v":"Electroplated (1 C/cm2) Cu2O from lactic-acid containing bath, on GDL"},{"$f":"C168","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D168","v":"-"},{"$f":"E168","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F168","v":"Lactate/Cu2O"},{"$f":"H168","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J168","v":"-"},{"$f":"L168","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O168","v":"IrO2/C"},{"$f":"N168","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P168","v":25},{"$f":"Q168","v":1},{"$f":"R168","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S168","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T168","v":"-183\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U168","v":67},{"$f":"V168","v":"D. Anastasiadou, M. Schellekens, M. de Heer, S. Verma, E. Negro, Electrodeposited Cu2O Films on Gas Diffusion Layers for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in an Alkaline Flow Electrolyzer. ChemElectroChem 6, 3928-3932 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G168","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I168","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K168","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M168","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N168","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Highly defective 150 nm Cu3N-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\n37-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO","-4.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"C. Zhao et al., In Situ Topotactic Transformation of an Interstitial Alloy for CO Electroreduction. Advanced Materials 32, 2002382 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A170","v":"Highly defective 150 nm Cu3N-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C170","v":"Cu, O, N"},{"$f":"D170","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E170","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F170","v":"Cu3N/CuOx"},{"$f":"H170","v":"-"},{"$f":"J170","v":"Sustainion\n37-50"},{"$f":"L170","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O170","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N170","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P170","v":25},{"$f":"Q170","v":1},{"$f":"R170","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S170","v":"-4.6 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T170","v":"-500\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U170","v":40},{"$f":"V170","v":"C. Zhao et al., In Situ Topotactic Transformation of an Interstitial Alloy for CO Electroreduction. Advanced Materials 32, 2002382 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G170","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I170","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K170","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M170","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N170","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Pre-reduced {100}/{111}-interface rich CuOx NPs on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{100}|{111}/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",41,"Z.-Z. Wu et al., Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 259-269 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A172","v":"Pre-reduced {100}/{111}-interface rich CuOx NPs on GDL"},{"$f":"C172","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D172","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E172","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F172","v":"{100}|{111}/CuOx"},{"$f":"H172","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J172","v":"?"},{"$f":"L172","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O172","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N172","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P172","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q172","v":"?"},{"$f":"R172","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S172","v":"-1 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T172","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U172","v":41},{"$f":"V172","v":"Z.-Z. Wu et al., Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 259-269 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G172","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I172","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K172","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M172","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N172","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu NCs on hollow tubular novelty GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tubular/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?",1.7,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-740\nmA/cm2",65,"H. Rabiee et al., Tuning flow-through cu-based hollow fiber gas-diffusion electrode for high-efficiency carbon monoxide (CO) electroreduction to C2+products. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 330, 122589 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A174","v":"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu NCs on hollow tubular novelty GDE"},{"$f":"C174","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D174","v":"-"},{"$f":"E174","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F174","v":"Tubular/Cu_NCs"},{"$f":"H174","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J174","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L174","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O174","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N174","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P174","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q174","v":1.7},{"$f":"R174","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S174","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T174","v":"-740\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U174","v":65},{"$f":"V174","v":"H. Rabiee et al., Tuning flow-through cu-based hollow fiber gas-diffusion electrode for high-efficiency carbon monoxide (CO) electroreduction to C2+products. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 330, 122589 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G174","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I174","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K174","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M174","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N174","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["'Fragment' CuOx-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.76 V\nvs. RHE","-59\nmA/cm2",38,"T.-T. Zhuang et al., Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nature Catalysis 1, 946-951 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A176","v":"'Fragment' CuOx-derived Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C176","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D176","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E176","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F176","v":"Fragment/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H176","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J176","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L176","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O176","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N176","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P176","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q176","v":"?"},{"$f":"R176","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S176","v":"-0.76 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T176","v":"-59\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U176","v":38},{"$f":"V176","v":"T.-T. Zhuang et al., Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nature Catalysis 1, 946-951 (2018)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G176","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I176","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K176","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M176","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N176","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["'Highly fragmented' CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragmented/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-PK-130)","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A178","v":"'Highly fragmented' CuO NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C178","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D178","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E178","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F178","v":"Fragmented/CuO_NPs"},{"$f":"H178","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J178","v":"Fumasep FAA-PK-130)"},{"$f":"L178","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O178","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N178","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P178","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q178","v":"?"},{"$f":"R178","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S178","v":"-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T178","v":"-175\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U178","v":40},{"$f":"V178","v":"Y. Pang et al., Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of carbon monoxide to propanol using fragmented copper. Nature Catalysis 2, 251-258 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G178","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I178","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K178","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M178","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N178","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3N-derived Cu NWs, on copper foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/Cu NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",66,"Y. Mi et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2 Products over Cu3N-Derived Cu Nanowires. ChemElectroChem 6, 2393-2397 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A180","v":"Cu3N-derived Cu NWs, on copper foam"},{"$f":"C180","v":"Cu, N"},{"$f":"D180","v":"-"},{"$f":"E180","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F180","v":"N-doped/Cu NWs"},{"$f":"H180","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J180","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L180","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O180","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N180","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P180","v":25},{"$f":"Q180","v":"?"},{"$f":"R180","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S180","v":"-1.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T180","v":"-51\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U180","v":66},{"$f":"V180","v":"Y. Mi et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2 Products over Cu3N-Derived Cu Nanowires. ChemElectroChem 6, 2393-2397 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G180","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I180","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K180","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M180","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N180","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuO nanoneedles, on Toray Carbon Paper (TGP-H-60)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Fluorinated ethylene propylene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","FEP/CuO_NNs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-975\nmA/cm2",44,"T. H. M. Pham et al., Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders. Advanced Energy Materials 12, 2103663 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A182","v":"CuO nanoneedles, on Toray Carbon Paper (TGP-H-60)"},{"$f":"C182","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D182","v":"Fluorinated ethylene propylene"},{"$f":"E182","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F182","v":"FEP/CuO_NNs"},{"$f":"H182","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J182","v":"?"},{"$f":"L182","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O182","v":"Ni gauze"},{"$f":"N182","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P182","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q182","v":"?"},{"$f":"R182","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S182","v":"-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T182","v":"-975\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U182","v":44},{"$f":"V182","v":"T. H. M. Pham et al., Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products by Adjusting the Local Reaction Environment with Polymer Binders. Advanced Energy Materials 12, 2103663 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G182","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I182","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K182","v":"?"},{"$f":"M182","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N182","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3N NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu3N_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",61,"H. Wang et al., Cu3N nanoparticles with both (100) and (111) facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 12523-12529 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A184","v":"Cu3N NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C184","v":"Cu, N"},{"$f":"D184","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E184","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F184","v":"Cu3N_NPs"},{"$f":"H184","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J184","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L184","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O184","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N184","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P184","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q184","v":"?"},{"$f":"R184","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S184","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T184","v":"-60\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U184","v":61},{"$f":"V184","v":"H. Wang et al., Cu3N nanoparticles with both (100) and (111) facets for enhancing the selectivity and activity of CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 12523-12529 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G184","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I184","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K184","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M184","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N184","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech, FAA-3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-1000\nmA/cm2",61,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A186","v":"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C186","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D186","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E186","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F186","v":"Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H186","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J186","v":"Fumatech, FAA-3PK-130"},{"$f":"L186","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O186","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N186","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P186","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q186","v":"?"},{"$f":"R186","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S186","v":"?"},{"$f":"T186","v":"-1000\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U186","v":61},{"$f":"V186","v":"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G186","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I186","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K186","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M186","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N186","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",52,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A188","v":"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C188","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D188","v":"-"},{"$f":"E188","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F188","v":"Cl/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H188","v":"1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI"},{"$f":"J188","v":"Fumasep FKS-50"},{"$f":"L188","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O188","v":"Pt/GDL"},{"$f":"N188","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P188","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q188","v":"?"},{"$f":"R188","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S188","v":"-0.55 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T188","v":"-184\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U188","v":52},{"$f":"V188","v":"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G188","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I188","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K188","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M188","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N188","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Cl","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/GDL","?","?","CO","-0.60 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A190","v":"Electrochemical-assisted chlorine-reconstructed Cu nanocrystals on a 920 nm-thick Cu layer, sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C190","v":"Cu, O, Cl"},{"$f":"D190","v":"-"},{"$f":"E190","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F190","v":"Cl/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H190","v":"1 M KOH + 0.2 M CsI"},{"$f":"J190","v":"Fumasep FKS-50"},{"$f":"L190","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O190","v":"Pt/GDL"},{"$f":"N190","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P190","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q190","v":"?"},{"$f":"R190","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S190","v":"-0.60 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T190","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U190","v":50},{"$f":"V190","v":"J. Gao et al., Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem,  (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G190","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I190","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K190","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M190","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N190","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Porous Cu2O nanosphere superparticle, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Super/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,"X. Lv et al., Grain refining enables mixed Cu+/Cu0 states for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122272 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A192","v":"Porous Cu2O nanosphere superparticle, on GDL"},{"$f":"C192","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D192","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E192","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F192","v":"Super/Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H192","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J192","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L192","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O192","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N192","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P192","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q192","v":"?"},{"$f":"R192","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S192","v":"-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T192","v":"-700\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U192","v":45},{"$f":"V192","v":"X. Lv et al., Grain refining enables mixed Cu+/Cu0 states for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122272 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G192","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I192","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K192","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M192","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N192","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["30 nm CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs-30nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-1000\nmA/cm2",47,"W. Ren, W. Ma, X. Hu, Tailored water and hydroxide transport at a quasi-two-phase interface of membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for CO electroreduction. Joule 7, 2349-2360 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A194","v":"30 nm CuO NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C194","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D194","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E194","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F194","v":"CuO_NPs-30nm"},{"$f":"H194","v":"-"},{"$f":"J194","v":"Sustainion X37-50 grade T"},{"$f":"L194","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O194","v":"NiFe/Ni"},{"$f":"N194","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P194","v":25},{"$f":"Q194","v":1},{"$f":"R194","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S194","v":"-2.44 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T194","v":"-1000\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U194","v":47},{"$f":"V194","v":"W. Ren, W. Ma, X. Hu, Tailored water and hydroxide transport at a quasi-two-phase interface of membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for CO electroreduction. Joule 7, 2349-2360 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G194","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I194","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K194","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M194","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N194","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["N-doped CuOx NPs derived from calcination of Cu(OH)3NO3 precursor at 350 °C, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep-FAA-\n3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-962†_oxidic,2\nmA/cm2",73,"H. Tao, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Min, Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2991-2996 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A196","v":"N-doped CuOx NPs derived from calcination of Cu(OH)3NO3 precursor at 350 °C, on GDL"},{"$f":"C196","v":"Cu, O, N"},{"$f":"D196","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E196","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F196","v":"N-doped/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H196","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J196","v":"Fumasep-FAA-\n3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L196","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O196","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N196","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P196","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q196","v":"?"},{"$f":"R196","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S196","v":"-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T196","v":"-962†_oxidic,2\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U196","v":73},{"$f":"V196","v":"H. Tao, F. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Min, Surface N-coordinated Cu catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene at industry-level current densities. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 7, 2991-2996 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G196","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I196","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K196","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M196","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N196","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["P-doped CuOx nm-sized spherical agglomerates, on GDL ","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",47,"L. Zhang et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Topics in Catalysis 66, 1527-1538 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A198","v":"P-doped CuOx nm-sized spherical agglomerates, on GDL "},{"$f":"C198","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D198","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E198","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F198","v":"P-doped/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H198","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J198","v":"3PK-130"},{"$f":"L198","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O198","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N198","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P198","v":25},{"$f":"Q198","v":1},{"$f":"R198","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S198","v":"-1.4 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T198","v":"-350\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U198","v":47},{"$f":"V198","v":"L. Zhang et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electroreduction CO2 Over Cu Phosphate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology. Topics in Catalysis 66, 1527-1538 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G198","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I198","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K198","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M198","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N198","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Multi-shelled (\"4.4\") Cu2O spheres, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Shelled/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",59,"Y. Xiao et al., Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2302556 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A200","v":"Multi-shelled (\"4.4\") Cu2O spheres, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C200","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D200","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E200","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F200","v":"Shelled/Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H200","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J200","v":"?"},{"$f":"L200","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O200","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N200","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P200","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q200","v":"?"},{"$f":"R200","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S200","v":"-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T200","v":"-900\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U200","v":59},{"$f":"V200","v":"Y. Xiao et al., Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2302556 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G200","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I200","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K200","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M200","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N200","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Co-plated P-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","P/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A202","v":"Co-plated P-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate"},{"$f":"C202","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D202","v":"-"},{"$f":"E202","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F202","v":"P/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H202","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J202","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L202","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O202","v":"Graphite rods"},{"$f":"N202","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P202","v":25},{"$f":"Q202","v":"?"},{"$f":"R202","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S202","v":"-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T202","v":"-16\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U202","v":34},{"$f":"V202","v":"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G202","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I202","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K202","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M202","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N202","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["\"Cu10Cs1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-45\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A204","v":"\"Cu10Cs1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C204","v":"Cu, Cs"},{"$f":"D204","v":"-"},{"$f":"E204","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F204","v":"Cs/Cu_layer"},{"$f":"H204","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J204","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L204","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O204","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N204","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P204","v":25},{"$f":"Q204","v":"?"},{"$f":"R204","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S204","v":"-1.4 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T204","v":"-45\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U204","v":50},{"$f":"V204","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G204","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I204","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K204","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M204","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N204","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A206","v":"Porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL"},{"$f":"C206","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D206","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E206","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F206","v":"Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs"},{"$f":"H206","v":"1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)"},{"$f":"J206","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L206","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)"},{"$f":"O206","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N206","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P206","v":25},{"$f":"Q206","v":1},{"$f":"R206","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S206","v":"?"},{"$f":"T206","v":"-800\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U206","v":76},{"$f":"V206","v":"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G206","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I206","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K206","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M206","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N206","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ electroplated Cu NCs, prepared via oxidative/reductive cycling in Cl- containing solution, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",35,"P. Grosse et al., Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects. Angewandte Chemie 130, 6300-6305 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A208","v":"In-situ electroplated Cu NCs, prepared via oxidative/reductive cycling in Cl- containing solution, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C208","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D208","v":"-"},{"$f":"E208","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F208","v":"Plate/CuOx_NCs"},{"$f":"H208","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J208","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L208","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O208","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N208","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P208","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q208","v":"?"},{"$f":"R208","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S208","v":"-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T208","v":"-20\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U208","v":35},{"$f":"V208","v":"P. Grosse et al., Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects. Angewandte Chemie 130, 6300-6305 (2018)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G208","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I208","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K208","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M208","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N208","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Mixed CuOx MP catalyst containing Cu4O3 phase, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu4O4_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Cs2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","2.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir mixed metal oxide/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"N. Martić et al., Paramelaconite-Enriched Copper-Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901228 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A210","v":"Mixed CuOx MP catalyst containing Cu4O3 phase, on GDL"},{"$f":"C210","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D210","v":"Sustainion XA-9"},{"$f":"E210","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F210","v":"Cu4O4_MPs"},{"$f":"H210","v":"Cs2SO4"},{"$f":"J210","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L210","v":"2.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O210","v":"Ir mixed metal oxide/Ti"},{"$f":"N210","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P210","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q210","v":1},{"$f":"R210","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S210","v":"-0.64 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T210","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U210","v":43},{"$f":"V210","v":"N. Martić et al., Paramelaconite-Enriched Copper-Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901228 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G210","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I210","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K210","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M210","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N210","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Nitrogen vacancy-rich Cu3Nx NPs prepared via controlled lithiation/delithiation, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, Li","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Delithiated/Cu3Nx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-375\nmA/cm2",56,"C. Peng et al., Lithiation-Enabled High-Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products. Advanced Materials 33, 2103150 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A212","v":"Nitrogen vacancy-rich Cu3Nx NPs prepared via controlled lithiation/delithiation, on GDL"},{"$f":"C212","v":"Cu, N, Li"},{"$f":"D212","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E212","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F212","v":"Delithiated/Cu3Nx_NPs"},{"$f":"H212","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J212","v":"X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L212","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O212","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N212","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P212","v":25},{"$f":"Q212","v":"?"},{"$f":"R212","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S212","v":"-1.15 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T212","v":"-375\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U212","v":56},{"$f":"V212","v":"C. Peng et al., Lithiation-Enabled High-Density Nitrogen Vacancies Electrocatalyze CO2 to C2 Products. Advanced Materials 33, 2103150 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G212","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I212","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K212","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M212","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N212","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ reconstructed defective CuO NWs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-524\nmA/cm2",62,"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A214","v":"In-situ reconstructed defective CuO NWs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C214","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D214","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E214","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F214","v":"CuO_NWs"},{"$f":"H214","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J214","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L214","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O214","v":"?"},{"$f":"N214","v":"?"},{"$f":"P214","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q214","v":"?"},{"$f":"R214","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S214","v":"-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T214","v":"-524\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U214","v":62},{"$f":"V214","v":"J. Zhang et al., Reconstructing two-dimensional defects in CuO nanowires for efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Chemical Communications 57, 8276-8279 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G214","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I214","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K214","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M214","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N214","v":"?"}]
["CuO NSs, on glassy carbon, pre-reduced in halide-containing electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.01 M KBr)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 10 mM KBr†_oxidic,3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",56,"R. Du et al., In Situ Engineering of the Cu+/Cu0 Interface to Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 36527-36535 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A216","v":"CuO NSs, on glassy carbon, pre-reduced in halide-containing electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.01 M KBr)"},{"$f":"C216","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D216","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E216","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F216","v":"CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H216","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 10 mM KBr†_oxidic,3"},{"$f":"J216","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L216","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O216","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N216","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P216","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q216","v":"?"},{"$f":"R216","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S216","v":"-0.98 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T216","v":"-31\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U216","v":56},{"$f":"V216","v":"R. Du et al., In Situ Engineering of the Cu+/Cu0 Interface to Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 36527-36535 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G216","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I216","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K216","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M216","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N216","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Vacancy-rich delithiated Li2-xCuO2 NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Li, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"," Li2-xCuO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-\n50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",51,"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy-Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A218","v":"Vacancy-rich delithiated Li2-xCuO2 NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C218","v":"Cu, Li, O"},{"$f":"D218","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E218","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F218","v":" Li2-xCuO2_NPs"},{"$f":"H218","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J218","v":"X37-\n50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L218","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O218","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N218","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P218","v":25},{"$f":"Q218","v":"?"},{"$f":"R218","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S218","v":"-0.85 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T218","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U218","v":51},{"$f":"V218","v":"C. Peng et al., Lithium Vacancy-Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2106433 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G218","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I218","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K218","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M218","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N218","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuO nanosheet-functionalized Cu GDL prepared via thermal evaporation","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.25 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-200\nmA/cm2","42†_oxidic,4","M. Wang, L. Wan, J. Cheng, J. Luo, Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 14070-14077 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A220","v":"CuO nanosheet-functionalized Cu GDL prepared via thermal evaporation"},{"$f":"C220","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D220","v":"-"},{"$f":"E220","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F220","v":"CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H220","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J220","v":"Selemion AMVN"},{"$f":"L220","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O220","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N220","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P220","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q220","v":"?"},{"$f":"R220","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S220","v":"-2.25 V - iR\nvs. NHE"},{"$f":"T220","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U220","v":"42†_oxidic,4"},{"$f":"V220","v":"M. Wang, L. Wan, J. Cheng, J. Luo, Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 14070-14077 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G220","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I220","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K220","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M220","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N220","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["CuOX NPs electrodeposited from 0.1 M CuCOOH + 0.1 M KHCO3 + sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate under constant CO2 bubbling, on GDL (?)","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Fang et al., Hydrophobic, Ultrastable Cuδ+ for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products at Ampere-Current Levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 11323-11332 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A222","v":"CuOX NPs electrodeposited from 0.1 M CuCOOH + 0.1 M KHCO3 + sodium tartrate dibasic dihydrate under constant CO2 bubbling, on GDL (?)"},{"$f":"C222","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D222","v":"-"},{"$f":"E222","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F222","v":"Plate/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H222","v":"-"},{"$f":"J222","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L222","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O222","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N222","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P222","v":25},{"$f":"Q222","v":"?"},{"$f":"R222","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S222","v":"-2.7 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T222","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U222","v":44},{"$f":"V222","v":"M. Fang et al., Hydrophobic, Ultrastable Cuδ+ for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products at Ampere-Current Levels. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 11323-11332 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G222","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I222","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K222","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M222","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N222","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NPs electrodeposited in the presence of CTAB, on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CTAB/plate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Platinized Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",66,"A. Stalinraja, K. Gopalram, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products—effect of surfactant on copper electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A224","v":"CuOx NPs electrodeposited in the presence of CTAB, on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C224","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D224","v":"-"},{"$f":"E224","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F224","v":"CTAB/plate/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H224","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J224","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L224","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O224","v":"Platinized Ti"},{"$f":"N224","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P224","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q224","v":"?"},{"$f":"R224","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S224","v":"-1.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T224","v":"-18\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U224","v":66},{"$f":"V224","v":"A. Stalinraja, K. Gopalram, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products—effect of surfactant on copper electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,  (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G224","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I224","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K224","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M224","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N224","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",85,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A226","v":"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL"},{"$f":"C226","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D226","v":"-"},{"$f":"E226","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F226","v":"Evap/CuOx_film"},{"$f":"H226","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J226","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L226","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O226","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N226","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P226","v":25},{"$f":"Q226","v":1},{"$f":"R226","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S226","v":"-1.3 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T226","v":"-32\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U226","v":85},{"$f":"V226","v":"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G226","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I226","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K226","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M226","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N226","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Evap/CuOx_film","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","-","(n/a)","FBAPK-13","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt",25,1,"CO2","-1.75 V\nvs. ANODE","-113\nmA/cm2",78,"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A228","v":"Amorphous CuOx film evaporation-deposited on GDL"},{"$f":"C228","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D228","v":"-"},{"$f":"E228","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F228","v":"Evap/CuOx_film"},{"$f":"H228","v":"-"},{"$f":"J228","v":"FBAPK-13"},{"$f":"L228","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O228","v":"IrO2/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N228","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P228","v":25},{"$f":"Q228","v":1},{"$f":"R228","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S228","v":"-1.75 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T228","v":"-113\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U228","v":78},{"$f":"V228","v":"R. Wang et al., Selective Generation of Electroreduction C1–C2 Products Through Self-Regulation of Catalytically Active Cu Sites on the Same Coordination Cluster Catalyst. CCS Chemistry 5, 2237-2250 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G228","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I228","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K228","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M228","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N228","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["In-situ electroplated CuOx in Br-containing electrolyte, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr + 0.01 M CuSO4 (pH 2.5)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-170\nmA/cm2","57†_oxidic,5","C. Reller et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1602114-n/a (2017).",null,{"$f":"A230","v":"In-situ electroplated CuOx in Br-containing electrolyte, on GDL"},{"$f":"C230","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D230","v":"-"},{"$f":"E230","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F230","v":"Plate/CuOx"},{"$f":"H230","v":"0.1 M KBr + 0.01 M CuSO4 (pH 2.5)"},{"$f":"J230","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L230","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O230","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N230","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P230","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q230","v":1},{"$f":"R230","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S230","v":"-4.3 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T230","v":"-170\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U230","v":"57†_oxidic,5"},{"$f":"V230","v":"C. Reller et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 toward Ethylene on Nano Dendritic Copper Catalysts at High Current Density. Advanced Energy Materials 7, 1602114-n/a (2017)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G230","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I230","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K230","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M230","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N230","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuBaCO3 NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, Ba, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.65 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",47,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A232","v":"CuBaCO3 NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C232","v":"Cu, Ba, O"},{"$f":"D232","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E232","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F232","v":"CuBaCO3_NP"},{"$f":"H232","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J232","v":"?"},{"$f":"L232","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O232","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N232","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P232","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q232","v":"?"},{"$f":"R232","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S232","v":" -0.65 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T232","v":"-400\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U232","v":47},{"$f":"V232","v":"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G232","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I232","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K232","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M232","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N232","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Electrodeposited Cu(100), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Deposit/Cu(100)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.26 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",54,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A234","v":"Electrodeposited Cu(100), on GDL"},{"$f":"C234","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D234","v":"-"},{"$f":"E234","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F234","v":"Deposit/Cu(100)"},{"$f":"H234","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J234","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L234","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O234","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N234","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P234","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q234","v":"?"},{"$f":"R234","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S234","v":"-1.26 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T234","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U234","v":54},{"$f":"V234","v":"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G234","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I234","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K234","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M234","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N234","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{220}-facet rich CuI nanodots (5.3 nm) prepared via in-situ reduction of (Cu(OH)2) NPs on carbon paper GDL in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuI_nanodot","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KI","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK -130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",72,"W. Xue et al., Operando reconstruction towards stable CuI nanodots with favorable facets for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Science China Chemistry 66, 1834-1843 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A236","v":"{220}-facet rich CuI nanodots (5.3 nm) prepared via in-situ reduction of (Cu(OH)2) NPs on carbon paper GDL in 0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI"},{"$f":"C236","v":"Cu, O, I"},{"$f":"D236","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E236","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F236","v":"CuI_nanodot"},{"$f":"H236","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KI"},{"$f":"J236","v":"FAA-3-PK -130"},{"$f":"L236","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O236","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N236","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P236","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q236","v":"?"},{"$f":"R236","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S236","v":"-2.1 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T236","v":"-800\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U236","v":72},{"$f":"V236","v":"W. Xue et al., Operando reconstruction towards stable CuI nanodots with favorable facets for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Science China Chemistry 66, 1834-1843 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G236","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I236","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K236","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M236","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N236","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Wet-chemical induced (NaOH / (NH4)2S2O8) high roughness nanoporous CuOx layer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Chemical/CuOx_porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH + 0.1 M L-ascorbate†_oxidic,6","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,40,"CO","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",70,"W. Yang et al., Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 85, 102-107 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A238","v":"Wet-chemical induced (NaOH / (NH4)2S2O8) high roughness nanoporous CuOx layer on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C238","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D238","v":"-"},{"$f":"E238","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F238","v":"Chemical/CuOx_porous"},{"$f":"H238","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J238","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L238","v":"1.0 M KOH + 0.1 M L-ascorbate†_oxidic,6"},{"$f":"O238","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N238","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P238","v":25},{"$f":"Q238","v":40},{"$f":"R238","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S238","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T238","v":"-130\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U238","v":70},{"$f":"V238","v":"W. Yang et al., Boosting C–C coupling to multicarbon products via high-pressure CO electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 85, 102-107 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G238","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I238","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K238","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M238","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N238","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{111}/{100} grain boundary-rich hexagonal-polyhedral Cu2O MPs (ca. 2 μm), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",58,"Z.-x. Yang et al., Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O. Catalysis Communications 174, 106595 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A240","v":"{111}/{100} grain boundary-rich hexagonal-polyhedral Cu2O MPs (ca. 2 μm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C240","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D240","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E240","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F240","v":"Cu2O_MPs"},{"$f":"H240","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"J240","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L240","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"O240","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N240","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P240","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q240","v":"?"},{"$f":"R240","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S240","v":"-1.3 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T240","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U240","v":58},{"$f":"V240","v":"Z.-x. Yang et al., Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O. Catalysis Communications 174, 106595 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G240","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I240","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K240","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M240","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N240","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx MPs electrodeposited on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/CuOx_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-601\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Zhang et al., Switching CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity Between C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 6, e12307 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A242","v":"CuOx MPs electrodeposited on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C242","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D242","v":"-"},{"$f":"E242","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F242","v":"Plate/CuOx_MPs"},{"$f":"H242","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J242","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L242","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O242","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N242","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P242","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q242","v":"?"},{"$f":"R242","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S242","v":"-0.75 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T242","v":"-601\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U242","v":46},{"$f":"V242","v":"J. Zhang et al., Switching CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity Between C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 6, e12307 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G242","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I242","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K242","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M242","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N242","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Crystalline CuO NPs embedded in amorphous\nCuO nanoflakes, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-amorphous/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",58,"D. Zhao et al., Amorphous-Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 15, e202201413 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A244","v":"Crystalline CuO NPs embedded in amorphous\nCuO nanoflakes, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C244","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D244","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E244","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F244","v":"Semi-amorphous/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H244","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J244","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L244","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O244","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N244","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P244","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q244","v":"?"},{"$f":"R244","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S244","v":"-1.08 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T244","v":"-16\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U244","v":58},{"$f":"V244","v":"D. Zhao et al., Amorphous-Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 15, e202201413 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G244","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I244","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K244","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M244","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N244","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 spherical and porous nanocages, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/Cu(OH)2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/mg",55,"T.-K. Cheng et al., Spherical and porous Cu2O nanocages with Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 Surface: Synthesis and their promising selectivity for catalysing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 660, 159978 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A246","v":"Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 spherical and porous nanocages, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C246","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D246","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E246","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F246","v":"Cu2O/Cu(OH)2"},{"$f":"H246","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J246","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L246","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O246","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N246","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P246","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q246","v":"?"},{"$f":"R246","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S246","v":"-1.15 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T246","v":"-31\nmA/mg"},{"$f":"U246","v":55},{"$f":"V246","v":"T.-K. Cheng et al., Spherical and porous Cu2O nanocages with Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 Surface: Synthesis and their promising selectivity for catalysing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 660, 159978 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G246","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I246","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K246","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M246","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N246","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ formed Cu NPs supported on CuO nanosheets, on hydrophobic carbon cloth","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C_cloth/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"from Fumasep\"","(CEM)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Home-made DSA","?","?","CO2","-2.82 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",63,"C. Kang et al., Acidic chloride electrolyte mediates the high conversion ratio of CO2-to-C2H4 and direct production of Cl2. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 8, 1730-1739 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A248","v":"In-situ formed Cu NPs supported on CuO nanosheets, on hydrophobic carbon cloth"},{"$f":"C248","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D248","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E248","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F248","v":"C_cloth/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H248","v":"2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl"},{"$f":"J248","v":"\"from Fumasep\""},{"$f":"L248","v":"2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M HCl"},{"$f":"O248","v":"Home-made DSA"},{"$f":"N248","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P248","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q248","v":"?"},{"$f":"R248","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S248","v":"-2.82 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T248","v":"-700\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U248","v":63},{"$f":"V248","v":"C. Kang et al., Acidic chloride electrolyte mediates the high conversion ratio of CO2-to-C2H4 and direct production of Cl2. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 8, 1730-1739 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G248","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I248","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K248","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M248","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N248","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Spherical Cu(OH)2 nanorod (250 nm individual diameters) aggregates, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NW-balls","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Li et al., Strong electric field at the sharp tips of Cu(OH)2 nanochrysanthemums for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene. Materials Today Energy 42, 101568 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A250","v":"Spherical Cu(OH)2 nanorod (250 nm individual diameters) aggregates, on GDL"},{"$f":"C250","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D250","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E250","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F250","v":"Cu(OH)2_NW-balls"},{"$f":"H250","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J250","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L250","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O250","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N250","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P250","v":25},{"$f":"Q250","v":"?"},{"$f":"R250","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S250","v":"-1.08 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T250","v":"-28\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U250","v":51},{"$f":"V250","v":"M. Li et al., Strong electric field at the sharp tips of Cu(OH)2 nanochrysanthemums for selective electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene. Materials Today Energy 42, 101568 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G250","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I250","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K250","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M250","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N250","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Porous iodine-doped (0.02 % I, ICP) CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, I","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","I-doped/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",50,"B. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction for high ethylene selectivity using iodine-doped copper oxide catalysts. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 980, 173550 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A252","v":"Porous iodine-doped (0.02 % I, ICP) CuO MPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C252","v":"Cu, O, I"},{"$f":"D252","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E252","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F252","v":"I-doped/CuO_MPs"},{"$f":"H252","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J252","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L252","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O252","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N252","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P252","v":25},{"$f":"Q252","v":1},{"$f":"R252","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S252","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T252","v":"-15\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U252","v":50},{"$f":"V252","v":"B. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction for high ethylene selectivity using iodine-doped copper oxide catalysts. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 980, 173550 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G252","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I252","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K252","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M252","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N252","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ultrathin porous Cu foil chemically converted into Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles, reduced by H2 under slow temperature ramp. Hydrophobic, full-metal GDE","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NWs_GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + 1.0 M HCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.82 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",46,"M. Sun, J. Cheng, M. Yamauchi, Gas diffusion enhanced electrode with ultrathin superhydrophobic macropore structure for acidic CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications 15, 491 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A254","v":"Ultrathin porous Cu foil chemically converted into Cu(OH)2 nanoneedles, reduced by H2 under slow temperature ramp. Hydrophobic, full-metal GDE"},{"$f":"C254","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D254","v":"-"},{"$f":"E254","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F254","v":"Cu_NWs_GDE"},{"$f":"H254","v":"1.0 M KCl + 1.0 M HCl"},{"$f":"J254","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L254","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O254","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N254","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P254","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q254","v":"?"},{"$f":"R254","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S254","v":"-1.82 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T254","v":"-600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U254","v":46},{"$f":"V254","v":"M. Sun, J. Cheng, M. Yamauchi, Gas diffusion enhanced electrode with ultrathin superhydrophobic macropore structure for acidic CO2 electroreduction. Nature Communications 15, 491 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G254","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I254","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K254","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M254","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N254","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.26 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",43,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A256","v":"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL"},{"$f":"C256","v":"Cu, O, P, Cl"},{"$f":"D256","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E256","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F256","v":"P,Cl/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H256","v":"-"},{"$f":"J256","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L256","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O256","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N256","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P256","v":25},{"$f":"Q256","v":1},{"$f":"R256","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S256","v":"-3.26 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T256","v":"-400\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U256","v":43},{"$f":"V256","v":"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G256","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I256","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K256","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M256","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N256","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P, Cl","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P,Cl/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.23 V\nvs. ANODE","-700\nmA/cm2",45,"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A258","v":"{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from in-situ reduction of phosphate-doped copper oxychloride pre-cursor, on GDL"},{"$f":"C258","v":"Cu, O, P, Cl"},{"$f":"D258","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E258","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F258","v":"P,Cl/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H258","v":"-"},{"$f":"J258","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L258","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O258","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N258","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P258","v":25},{"$f":"Q258","v":1},{"$f":"R258","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S258","v":"-2.23 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T258","v":"-700\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U258","v":45},{"$f":"V258","v":"K. Yao et al., In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis. Nature Communications 15, 1749 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G258","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I258","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K258","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M258","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N258","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL with custom-tailored MPL","Oxide-derived","Cu","Nafion, Pention-D72 (Xergy)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom_MPL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-Ru/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.44 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1360\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Yuan et al., Converting CO2 to multi-carbon products at >1 A/cm2 using gas diffusion electrode based on commercial materials via transfer process engineering. Electrochimica Acta 475, 143662 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A260","v":"Commercial Cu NPs, on GDL with custom-tailored MPL"},{"$f":"C260","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D260","v":"Nafion, Pention-D72 (Xergy)"},{"$f":"E260","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F260","v":"Cu_NPs/custom_MPL"},{"$f":"H260","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J260","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L260","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O260","v":"Ir-Ru/Ti"},{"$f":"N260","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P260","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q260","v":"?"},{"$f":"R260","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S260","v":"-1.44 V - iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T260","v":"-1360\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U260","v":51},{"$f":"V260","v":"L. Yuan et al., Converting CO2 to multi-carbon products at >1 A/cm2 using gas diffusion electrode based on commercial materials via transfer process engineering. Electrochimica Acta 475, 143662 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G260","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I260","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K260","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M260","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N260","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated CuOx catalyst forming highly porous structure during in-situ reduction, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-porous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",51,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A262","v":"Electroplated CuOx catalyst forming highly porous structure during in-situ reduction, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C262","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D262","v":"-"},{"$f":"E262","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F262","v":"Cu-porous"},{"$f":"H262","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J262","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L262","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O262","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N262","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P262","v":25},{"$f":"Q262","v":1},{"$f":"R262","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S262","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T262","v":"-4\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U262","v":51},{"$f":"V262","v":"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G262","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I262","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K262","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M262","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N262","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu(OH)2-derived Cu NPs without additives (?), on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OH)2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-440\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Wang et al., Alkyl sulfonate surfactant mediates electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene or ethanol over hydroxide-derived copper catalysts. Chemical Science,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A264","v":"Cu(OH)2-derived Cu NPs without additives (?), on GDL"},{"$f":"C264","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D264","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E264","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F264","v":"Cu(OH)2_NPs"},{"$f":"H264","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J264","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L264","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O264","v":"?"},{"$f":"N264","v":"?"},{"$f":"P264","v":25},{"$f":"Q264","v":"?"},{"$f":"R264","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S264","v":"-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T264","v":"-440\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U264","v":55},{"$f":"V264","v":"Y. Wang et al., Alkyl sulfonate surfactant mediates electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene or ethanol over hydroxide-derived copper catalysts. Chemical Science,  (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G264","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I264","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K264","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M264","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N264","v":"?"}]
["Cu2(OH)2CO3 NPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2(OH)2CO3_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Gao et al., Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Advanced Science n/a, 2308949.",null,{"$f":"A266","v":"Cu2(OH)2CO3 NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C266","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D266","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E266","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F266","v":"Cu2(OH)2CO3_NPs"},{"$f":"H266","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J266","v":"?"},{"$f":"L266","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O266","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N266","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P266","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q266","v":"?"},{"$f":"R266","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S266","v":"-0.9 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T266","v":"-50\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U266","v":60},{"$f":"V266","v":"Y. Gao et al., Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Advanced Science n/a, 2308949."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G266","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I266","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K266","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M266","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N266","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu plate","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V\nvs. RHE","-63\nmA/cm2",70,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",null,{"$f":"A268","v":"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C268","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D268","v":"-"},{"$f":"E268","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F268","v":"CuOx_mesoporous"},{"$f":"H268","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J268","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L268","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O268","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N268","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P268","v":25},{"$f":"Q268","v":"?"},{"$f":"R268","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S268","v":"-0.99 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T268","v":"-63\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U268","v":70},{"$f":"V268","v":"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G268","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I268","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K268","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M268","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N268","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu foam","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_mesoporous","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-368\nmA/cm2",86,"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926.",null,{"$f":"A270","v":"Template-assisted electroplated nanoporous (20 nm pore diameter) CuOx overlayer on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C270","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D270","v":"-"},{"$f":"E270","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F270","v":"CuOx_mesoporous"},{"$f":"H270","v":"-"},{"$f":"J270","v":"X37-50 Grade 60"},{"$f":"L270","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O270","v":"NiFe/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N270","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P270","v":25},{"$f":"Q270","v":"?"},{"$f":"R270","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S270","v":"-3.0 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T270","v":"-368\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U270","v":86},{"$f":"V270","v":"J. Han et al., Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2313926."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G270","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I270","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K270","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M270","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N270","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Lv et al., Iodine-Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2311236.",null,{"$f":"A272","v":"Cu2O NPs , on GDL"},{"$f":"C272","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D272","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E272","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F272","v":"Cu2O"},{"$f":"H272","v":"0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI"},{"$f":"J272","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L272","v":"0.9 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KI"},{"$f":"O272","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N272","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P272","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q272","v":"?"},{"$f":"R272","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S272","v":"?"},{"$f":"T272","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U272","v":43},{"$f":"V272","v":"X. Lv et al., Iodine-Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2311236."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G272","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I272","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K272","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M272","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N272","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu2O/CuO NPs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O/CuO NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",49,"H. Shi et al., Stabilizing Cu+ Species in Cu2O/CuO Catalyst via Carbon Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310913.",null,{"$f":"A274","v":"Cu2O/CuO NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C274","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D274","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E274","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F274","v":"Cu2O/CuO NPs"},{"$f":"H274","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J274","v":"?"},{"$f":"L274","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O274","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N274","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P274","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q274","v":"?"},{"$f":"R274","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S274","v":"?"},{"$f":"T274","v":"-400\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U274","v":49},{"$f":"V274","v":"H. Shi et al., Stabilizing Cu+ Species in Cu2O/CuO Catalyst via Carbon Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310913."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G274","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I274","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K274","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M274","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N274","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Plasma-fluorinated Cu sputter-deposited on PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.57 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",60,"Z. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, H. Xie, L. Wen, Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Copper via Plasma Fluorination. Advanced Science n/a, 2309963.",null,{"$f":"A276","v":"Plasma-fluorinated Cu sputter-deposited on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C276","v":"Cu, F"},{"$f":"D276","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E276","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F276","v":"F/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H276","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J276","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L276","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O276","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N276","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P276","v":25},{"$f":"Q276","v":1},{"$f":"R276","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S276","v":"-0.57 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T276","v":"-250\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U276","v":60},{"$f":"V276","v":"Z. Zhou, X. Hu, J. Li, H. Xie, L. Wen, Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Copper via Plasma Fluorination. Advanced Science n/a, 2309963."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G276","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I276","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K276","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M276","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N276","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu nanoneedles electrodeposited on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + x mM HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",69,"X. Zi et al., Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202309351.",null,{"$f":"A278","v":"Cu nanoneedles electrodeposited on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C278","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D278","v":"-"},{"$f":"E278","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F278","v":"Cu_NN"},{"$f":"H278","v":"3.0 M KCl + x mM HCl (pH 1)"},{"$f":"J278","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L278","v":"0.5 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O278","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N278","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P278","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q278","v":"?"},{"$f":"R278","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S278","v":"-2 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T278","v":"-1200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U278","v":69},{"$f":"V278","v":"X. Zi et al., Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202309351."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G278","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I278","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K278","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M278","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N278","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["P-doped Cu NPs (P/Cu of 0.075), on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Chen et al., Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cuδ+ sites. Applied Surface Science 544, 148965 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A280","v":"P-doped Cu NPs (P/Cu of 0.075), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C280","v":"Cu, P"},{"$f":"D280","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E280","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F280","v":"P/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H280","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J280","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L280","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O280","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N280","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P280","v":25},{"$f":"Q280","v":"?"},{"$f":"R280","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S280","v":"-1.6 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T280","v":"-58\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U280","v":31},{"$f":"V280","v":"H. Chen et al., Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cuδ+ sites. Applied Surface Science 544, 148965 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G280","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I280","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K280","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M280","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N280","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["P-doped pulse-electroplated Cu (Cu0.92P0.08) on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",46,"X. Kong et al., Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction. Science China Chemistry 64, 1096-1102 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A282","v":"P-doped pulse-electroplated Cu (Cu0.92P0.08) on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C282","v":"Cu, P"},{"$f":"D282","v":"-"},{"$f":"E282","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F282","v":"P/Cu"},{"$f":"H282","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J282","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L282","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O282","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N282","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P282","v":25},{"$f":"Q282","v":"?"},{"$f":"R282","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S282","v":"-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T282","v":"-210\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U282","v":46},{"$f":"V282","v":"X. Kong et al., Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction. Science China Chemistry 64, 1096-1102 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G282","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I282","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K282","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M282","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N282","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ reduced, highly porous Cu2P2O7, on custom GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, P, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2P2O7","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ir black coated foam","?","? 95% CO2, 5% N2","CO2","-3.36 V\nvs. ANODE","-350\nmA/cm2",40,"J. Sang et al., A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202114238 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A284","v":"In-situ reduced, highly porous Cu2P2O7, on custom GDL"},{"$f":"C284","v":"Cu, P, O"},{"$f":"D284","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E284","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F284","v":"Cu2P2O7"},{"$f":"H284","v":"-"},{"$f":"J284","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L284","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O284","v":"Ir black coated foam"},{"$f":"N284","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P284","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q284","v":"? 95% CO2, 5% N2"},{"$f":"R284","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S284","v":"-3.36 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T284","v":"-350\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U284","v":40},{"$f":"V284","v":"J. Sang et al., A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202114238 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G284","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I284","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K284","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M284","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N284","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["N-doped Cu (Cu3N) NCs, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, N, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu3N_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",49,"M. Zheng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ with Ampere-Level Current on Heteroatom-Engineered Copper via Tuning *CO Intermediate Coverage. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14936-14944 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A286","v":"N-doped Cu (Cu3N) NCs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C286","v":"Cu, N, O"},{"$f":"D286","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E286","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F286","v":"Cu3N_NCs"},{"$f":"H286","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J286","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L286","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O286","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N286","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P286","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q286","v":"?"},{"$f":"R286","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S286","v":"-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T286","v":"-1100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U286","v":49},{"$f":"V286","v":"M. Zheng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ with Ampere-Level Current on Heteroatom-Engineered Copper via Tuning *CO Intermediate Coverage. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14936-14944 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G286","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I286","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K286","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M286","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N286","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-207\nmA/cm2",71,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A288","v":"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2"},{"$f":"C288","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D288","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E288","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F288","v":"CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs"},{"$f":"H288","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J288","v":"Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L288","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O288","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N288","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P288","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q288","v":"?"},{"$f":"R288","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S288","v":"-0.6 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T288","v":"-207\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U288","v":71},{"$f":"V288","v":"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G288","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I288","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K288","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M288","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N288","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A290","v":"Cu2O NCs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2"},{"$f":"C290","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D290","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E290","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F290","v":"CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs"},{"$f":"H290","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J290","v":"Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L290","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O290","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N290","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P290","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q290","v":"?"},{"$f":"R290","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S290","v":"-0.6 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T290","v":"-184\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U290","v":48},{"$f":"V290","v":"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G290","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I290","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K290","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M290","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N290","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Hollow Cu2O NPs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",61,"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A292","v":"Hollow Cu2O NPs on GDL, electrochemically pre-activated via in-situ reduction in the presence of CO2"},{"$f":"C292","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D292","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E292","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F292","v":"CO2-reduced/Cu2O_NCs"},{"$f":"H292","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J292","v":"Sustainion® X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L292","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O292","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N292","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P292","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q292","v":"?"},{"$f":"R292","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S292","v":"-0.6 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T292","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U292","v":61},{"$f":"V292","v":"Zhang, C. et al. Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu2O for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 17, 66, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G292","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I292","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K292","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M292","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N292","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu2O NPs , on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Pention D18 (Xergy Co., Ltd.)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","In-house BPM with water splitting catalyst + perforated AEM","Custom","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx on Nickel foam","?","?","CO2","-4.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",46,"Wang, J. et al. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404110, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404110 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A294","v":"Cu2O NPs , on GDL"},{"$f":"C294","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D294","v":"Pention D18 (Xergy Co., Ltd.)"},{"$f":"E294","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F294","v":"Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H294","v":"-"},{"$f":"J294","v":"In-house BPM with water splitting catalyst + perforated AEM"},{"$f":"L294","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O294","v":"NiFeOx on Nickel foam"},{"$f":"N294","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P294","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q294","v":"?"},{"$f":"R294","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S294","v":"-4.5 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T294","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U294","v":46},{"$f":"V294","v":"Wang, J. et al. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404110, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404110 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G294","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I294","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K294","v":"Custom"},{"$f":"M294","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N294","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu2(OH)2CO3 MPs with amorphous layer induced by 15 min microwave treatment, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph/Cu2(OH)2CO3_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt plat\" (= plate?)",25,"?","CO2","-2.0 V\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",58,"Wang, J. et al. Microwave-induced surface amorphization of Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst promotes multi-carbon products selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Science China Chemistry, doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2326-7 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A296","v":"Cu2(OH)2CO3 MPs with amorphous layer induced by 15 min microwave treatment, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C296","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D296","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E296","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F296","v":"Amorph/Cu2(OH)2CO3_MPs"},{"$f":"H296","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J296","v":"FAA-3-\nPK-130"},{"$f":"L296","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O296","v":"\"Pt plat\" (= plate?)"},{"$f":"N296","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P296","v":25},{"$f":"Q296","v":"?"},{"$f":"R296","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S296","v":"-2.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T296","v":"-317\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U296","v":58},{"$f":"V296","v":"Wang, J. et al. Microwave-induced surface amorphization of Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst promotes multi-carbon products selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Science China Chemistry, doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2326-7 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G296","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I296","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K296","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M296","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N296","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Highly porous CuOx NWs derived from polymer templating strategy (poly(acrylonitrile-blockmethylmethacrylate)), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH†_oxidic,7","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep PK 130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-238\nmA/cm2",45,"Pan, F. et al. Long-Range Confinement-Driven Enrichment of Surface Oxygen-Relevant Species Promotes C−C Electrocoupling in CO2 Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2303118, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303118 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A298","v":"Highly porous CuOx NWs derived from polymer templating strategy (poly(acrylonitrile-blockmethylmethacrylate)), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C298","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D298","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E298","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F298","v":"Porous/CuOx_NWs"},{"$f":"H298","v":"1.0 M KOH†_oxidic,7"},{"$f":"J298","v":"Fumasep PK 130"},{"$f":"L298","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O298","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N298","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P298","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q298","v":"?"},{"$f":"R298","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S298","v":"-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T298","v":"-238\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U298","v":45},{"$f":"V298","v":"Pan, F. et al. Long-Range Confinement-Driven Enrichment of Surface Oxygen-Relevant Species Promotes C−C Electrocoupling in CO2 Reduction. Advanced Energy Materials 14, 2303118, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303118 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G298","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I298","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K298","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M298","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N298","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu-metal/CuOx co-catalyst NPs with intimate interfacial contact, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Carbon bot\" (= rod?)","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",59,"Liu, H. et al. Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404123, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404123 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A300","v":"Cu-metal/CuOx co-catalyst NPs with intimate interfacial contact, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C300","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D300","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E300","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F300","v":"CuOx/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H300","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J300","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L300","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O300","v":"\"Carbon bot\" (= rod?)"},{"$f":"N300","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P300","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q300","v":"?"},{"$f":"R300","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S300","v":"-1.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T300","v":"-15\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U300","v":59},{"$f":"V300","v":"Liu, H. et al. Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202404123, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404123 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G300","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I300","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K300","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M300","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N300","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ reduced porous CuOx NPs derived from hydrothermal synthesis with tetrapropylammonium, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-536\nmA/cm2",66,"Jiao, J. et al. Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202409563, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409563 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A302","v":"In-situ reduced porous CuOx NPs derived from hydrothermal synthesis with tetrapropylammonium, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C302","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D302","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E302","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F302","v":"CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H302","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J302","v":"FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L302","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O302","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N302","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P302","v":25},{"$f":"Q302","v":"?"},{"$f":"R302","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S302","v":"-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T302","v":"-536\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U302","v":66},{"$f":"V302","v":"Jiao, J. et al. Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202409563, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409563 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G302","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I302","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K302","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M302","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N302","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Water-optimized CO2 feed reduction on Cu2O/Cu co-catalyst NPs derived from Cu2O/CuO precursor, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion, quaternary ammonia polysulphone (aQAPS-S14)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","aQAPS-S14/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",58,"He, X. et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds. Nature Communications 15, 9923, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54282-2 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A304","v":"Water-optimized CO2 feed reduction on Cu2O/Cu co-catalyst NPs derived from Cu2O/CuO precursor, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C304","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D304","v":"Nafion, quaternary ammonia polysulphone (aQAPS-S14)"},{"$f":"E304","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F304","v":"aQAPS-S14/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H304","v":"-"},{"$f":"J304","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L304","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O304","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N304","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P304","v":25},{"$f":"Q304","v":1},{"$f":"R304","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S304","v":"-3.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T304","v":"-1000\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U304","v":58},{"$f":"V304","v":"He, X. et al. Roles of copper(I) in water-promoted CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon compounds. Nature Communications 15, 9923, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54282-2 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G304","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I304","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K304","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M304","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N304","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuO NRs, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",null,{"$f":"A306","v":"CuO NRs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C306","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D306","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E306","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F306","v":"Cu_NRs"},{"$f":"H306","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J306","v":"Selemion AMVN"},{"$f":"L306","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O306","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N306","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P306","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q306","v":"?"},{"$f":"R306","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S306","v":"-3.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T306","v":"-900\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U306","v":45},{"$f":"V306","v":"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G306","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I306","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K306","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M306","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N306","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-312\nmA/cm2",71,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A308","v":"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C308","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D308","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E308","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F308","v":"Porous/CuOx_NWs"},{"$f":"H308","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J308","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L308","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O308","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N308","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P308","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q308","v":"?"},{"$f":"R308","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S308","v":"-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T308","v":"-312\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U308","v":71},{"$f":"V308","v":"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G308","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I308","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K308","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M308","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N308","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Porous/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-144\nmA/cm2",75,"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A310","v":"Defect-rich CuO NRs (800 nm) with HCOO- induced pores, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C310","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D310","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E310","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F310","v":"Porous/CuOx_NWs"},{"$f":"H310","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J310","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L310","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O310","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N310","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P310","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q310","v":"?"},{"$f":"R310","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S310","v":"-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T310","v":"-144\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U310","v":75},{"$f":"V310","v":"Zhou, W. et al. Multiple Tuning of the Local Environment Enables Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene in Neutral Electrolytes. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311226, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202311226 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G310","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I310","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K310","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M310","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N310","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Pre-reduced, CuO-derived Cu quantum dots (5 nm), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_quantum-dots","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1100\nmA/cm2",82,"Wang, Y. et al. Enhanced Local CO Coverage on Cu Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2417764, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417764.",null,{"$f":"A312","v":"Pre-reduced, CuO-derived Cu quantum dots (5 nm), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C312","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D312","v":"-"},{"$f":"E312","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F312","v":"Cu_quantum-dots"},{"$f":"H312","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J312","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L312","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O312","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N312","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P312","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q312","v":"?"},{"$f":"R312","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S312","v":"-0.93 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T312","v":"-1100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U312","v":82},{"$f":"V312","v":"Wang, Y. et al. Enhanced Local CO Coverage on Cu Quantum Dots for Boosting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2417764, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417764."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G312","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I312","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K312","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M312","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N312","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["In-situ reduced CuOx MPs under CO atmosphere, yielding small Cu NPs (ca. 3 nm) 'supported' on larger Cu MPs (ca. 300 nm) on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-size/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-390\nmA/cm2",43,"Li, J. et al. Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol. Nature Communications 9, 4614, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07032-0 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A314","v":"In-situ reduced CuOx MPs under CO atmosphere, yielding small Cu NPs (ca. 3 nm) 'supported' on larger Cu MPs (ca. 300 nm) on a GDL"},{"$f":"C314","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D314","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E314","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F314","v":"Dual-size/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H314","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J314","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L314","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O314","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N314","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P314","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q314","v":"?"},{"$f":"R314","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S314","v":"-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T314","v":"-390\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U314","v":43},{"$f":"V314","v":"Li, J. et al. Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol. Nature Communications 9, 4614, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07032-0 (2018)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G314","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I314","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K314","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M314","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N314","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Electrodeposited Cu, on GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO","-0.98 V\nvs. RHE","-87\nmA/cm2",33,"Sullivan, I. et al. A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, 16964-16970, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04959 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A316","v":"Electrodeposited Cu, on GDL"},{"$f":"C316","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D316","v":"-"},{"$f":"E316","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F316","v":"Sputter/Cu"},{"$f":"H316","v":"-"},{"$f":"J316","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L316","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O316","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N316","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P316","v":25},{"$f":"Q316","v":1},{"$f":"R316","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S316","v":"-0.98 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T316","v":"-87\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U316","v":33},{"$f":"V316","v":"Sullivan, I. et al. A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, 16964-16970, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04959 (2019)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G316","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I316","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K316","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M316","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N316","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",36,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A318","v":"CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\""},{"$f":"C318","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D318","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E318","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F318","v":"CuO_NRs"},{"$f":"H318","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J318","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L318","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O318","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N318","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P318","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q318","v":"?"},{"$f":"R318","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S318","v":"-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T318","v":"?"},{"$f":"U318","v":36},{"$f":"V318","v":"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G318","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I318","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K318","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M318","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N318","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Lithiated CuOx MPs, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, Li","? polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Li/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?",1,"CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",52,"Jeong, H. M. et al. Atomic-Scale Spacing between Copper Facets for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Advanced Energy Materials 10, 1903423, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903423 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A320","v":"Lithiated CuOx MPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C320","v":"Cu, O, Li"},{"$f":"D320","v":"? polyvinylidene fluoride"},{"$f":"E320","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F320","v":"Li/CuOx_MPs"},{"$f":"H320","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"J320","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L320","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"O320","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N320","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P320","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q320","v":1},{"$f":"R320","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S320","v":"-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T320","v":"-13\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U320","v":52},{"$f":"V320","v":"Jeong, H. M. et al. Atomic-Scale Spacing between Copper Facets for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Advanced Energy Materials 10, 1903423, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903423 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G320","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I320","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K320","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M320","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N320","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Mixed Cu-metal/Cu2O MPs with prism-shaped Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mixed/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2","44†_oxidic,8","Ye, M. et al. Phase engineering of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanospheres for boosting tandem electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 622, 156981, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156981 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A322","v":"Mixed Cu-metal/Cu2O MPs with prism-shaped Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C322","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D322","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E322","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F322","v":"Mixed/CuOx_MPs"},{"$f":"H322","v":"? 0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J322","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L322","v":"? 0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O322","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N322","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P322","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q322","v":"?"},{"$f":"R322","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S322","v":"-1.08 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T322","v":"-15\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U322","v":"44†_oxidic,8"},{"$f":"V322","v":"Ye, M. et al. Phase engineering of Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanospheres for boosting tandem electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 622, 156981, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.156981 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G322","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I322","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K322","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M322","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N322","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["P-doped electroplated (\"-0.5 V\") Cu layer on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O, P","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",43,"Han, S. et al. Boosting promote C2 products formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via phosphorus-enhanced proton feeding. Chemical Engineering Journal 479, 147735, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147735 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A324","v":"P-doped electroplated (\"-0.5 V\") Cu layer on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C324","v":"Cu, O, P"},{"$f":"D324","v":"-"},{"$f":"E324","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F324","v":"P/CuOx"},{"$f":"H324","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J324","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L324","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O324","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N324","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P324","v":25},{"$f":"Q324","v":"?"},{"$f":"R324","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S324","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T324","v":"-50\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U324","v":43},{"$f":"V324","v":"Han, S. et al. Boosting promote C2 products formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction via phosphorus-enhanced proton feeding. Chemical Engineering Journal 479, 147735, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147735 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G324","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I324","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K324","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M324","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N324","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Porous CuO NSs (19.4 nm), on \"PTFE GDL\"","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","porous/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-430\nmA/cm2",49,"Zhang, J. et al. Steering CO2 electroreduction pathway toward ethanol via surface-bounded hydroxyl species-induced noncovalent interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218987120, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.2218987120 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A326","v":"Porous CuO NSs (19.4 nm), on \"PTFE GDL\""},{"$f":"C326","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D326","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E326","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F326","v":"porous/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H326","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J326","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L326","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O326","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N326","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P326","v":25},{"$f":"Q326","v":1},{"$f":"R326","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S326","v":"-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T326","v":"-430\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U326","v":49},{"$f":"V326","v":"Zhang, J. et al. Steering CO2 electroreduction pathway toward ethanol via surface-bounded hydroxyl species-induced noncovalent interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2218987120, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.2218987120 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G326","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I326","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K326","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M326","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N326","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Pre-reduced CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",null,{"$f":"A328","v":"Pre-reduced CuO NSs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C328","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D328","v":"-"},{"$f":"E328","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F328","v":"CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H328","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J328","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L328","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O328","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N328","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P328","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q328","v":"?"},{"$f":"R328","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S328","v":"-1.1 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T328","v":"-12\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U328","v":52},{"$f":"V328","v":"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G328","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I328","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K328","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M328","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N328","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Pre-reduced CuO NSs (\"CISC-24\"), on a GDL","Oxide-derived","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-753\nmA/cm2",56,"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025).",null,{"$f":"A330","v":"Pre-reduced CuO NSs (\"CISC-24\"), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C330","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D330","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E330","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F330","v":"CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H330","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J330","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L330","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O330","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N330","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P330","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q330","v":"?"},{"$f":"R330","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S330","v":"-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T330","v":"-753\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U330","v":56},{"$f":"V330","v":"Li, J. et al. Interplanar synergy of a copper-based electrocatalyst favors the reduction of CO2 into C2+ products. EES Catalysis 3, 80-86, doi:10.1039/D4EY00141A (2025)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G330","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I330","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K330","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M330","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N330","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A332","v":0},{"$f":"C332","v":0},{"$f":"D332","v":0},{"$f":"E332","v":0},{"$f":"F332","v":0},{"$f":"H332","v":0},{"$f":"J332","v":0},{"$f":"L332","v":0},{"$f":"O332","v":0},{"$f":"N332","v":0},{"$f":"P332","v":0},{"$f":"Q332","v":0},{"$f":"R332","v":0},{"$f":"S332","v":0},{"$f":"T332","v":0},{"$f":"U332","v":0},{"$f":"V332","v":0}]
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[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Supebase/Cu-NPs"},{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu2O NCs, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Supebase/Cu2O-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Water-insoluble organosuperbase-modified Cu2O NCs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)\nnaphthalene"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Supebase/Cu2O-NPs"},{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Fan et al., Proton sponge promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products. Joule 6, 205-220 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Partially PVP-capped Cu NPs grown from Au seed, supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, PVP capping","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sub-PVP-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni Foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Partially PVP-capped Cu NPs grown from Au seed, supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion, PVP capping"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Sub-PVP-Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H22","v":"0.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni Foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.85 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",52,"Q. Fan et al., Manipulating Cu Nanoparticle Surface Oxidation States Tunes Catalytic Selectivity toward CH4 or C2+ Products in CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Energy Materials 11, 2101424 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cationic tetrabutylammonium-coated electroplated CuO dendrites (1.75 mg/cm2), on 121 Wet Proofing-modified GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O, N","Nafion, Tetrabutylammonium","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TBAN/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-1223\nmA/cm2",50,"M. P. L. Kang, H. Ma, R. Ganganahalli, B. S. Yeo, Surfactant-Enhanced Formation of Ethylene from Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction on Copper Catalysts. ACS Catal, 116-123 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cationic tetrabutylammonium-coated electroplated CuO dendrites (1.75 mg/cm2), on 121 Wet Proofing-modified GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, O, N"},{"$f":"D24","v":"Nafion, Tetrabutylammonium"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"TBAN/CuO"},{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.60 V\nvs. RHE","-1223\nmA/cm2",50,"M. P. L. Kang, H. Ma, R. Ganganahalli, B. S. Yeo, Surfactant-Enhanced Formation of Ethylene from Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction on Copper Catalysts. ACS Catal, 116-123 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ionic liquid-coated Cu-MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid)2), on glassy carbon","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Nafion, 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), 1-Butyl-3-\nmethylimidazolium nitrate (BmimNO3)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",77,"Y. Sha et al., Anchoring Ionic Liquid in Copper Electrocatalyst for Improving CO2 Conversion to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202200039 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Ionic liquid-coated Cu-MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid)2), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion, 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), 1-Butyl-3-\nmethylimidazolium nitrate (BmimNO3)"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"IL/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-34\nmA/cm2",77,"Y. Sha et al., Anchoring Ionic Liquid in Copper Electrocatalyst for Improving CO2 Conversion to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202200039 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM, 0.25 wt%) coated CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PSMIM/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-119\nmA/cm2",62,"D. Wang et al., Regulating the local microenvironment on porous Cu nanosheets for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 11968-11974 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM, 0.25 wt%) coated CuO NSs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Polystyrene vinylbenzyl imidazolium chloride (PSMIM)"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"PSMIM/CuO_NSs"},{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-119\nmA/cm2",62,"D. Wang et al., Regulating the local microenvironment on porous Cu nanosheets for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 11968-11974 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NPs (large size distribution) mixed with PTFE, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl + 50 mM benzyl alcohol","- flow\n- stirring","FKB PK 130","(AEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",72,"Y. Wang et al., Benzyl alcohol promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and C2 production by Cu2O/Cu. Chemical Engineering Journal 485, 149800 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"CuOx NPs (large size distribution) mixed with PTFE, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.5 M KCl + 50 mM benzyl alcohol"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FKB PK 130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",72,"Y. Wang et al., Benzyl alcohol promoted electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and C2 production by Cu2O/Cu. Chemical Engineering Journal 485, 149800 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Hydrophobic Cu NPs electroplated from a PTFE-containing solution, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",67,"T. Deng et al., Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202313796 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Hydrophobic Cu NPs electroplated from a PTFE-containing solution, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",67,"T. Deng et al., Polymer Modification Strategy to Modulate Reaction Microenvironment for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202313796 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating (without Nafion toplayer), on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-179\nmA/cm2",86,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating (without Nafion toplayer), on GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, O"},"Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx",{"$f":"H34","v":"-"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O34","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},1,"CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-179\nmA/cm2",86,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs coated with 1-dodecanethiol, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, 1-dodecanethiol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1-dodecanethiol/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",80,"Y. Yao et al., A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights. Nature Communications 15, 1257 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"CuO NPs coated with 1-dodecanethiol, on GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion, 1-dodecanethiol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1-dodecanethiol/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"?"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",80,"Y. Yao et al., A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights. Nature Communications 15, 1257 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Poly-ionic liquid-coated Cu NPs mixed with CuCl, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","Imidazolium, bipyridinium-based ionic liquid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$f":"\"Cu@BPIL@Cu\"","v":"Cu@BPIL@Cu"},"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.005 M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",47,"Pan, Y., Li, X.-Q., Duan, G.-Y., Fang, J. & Xu, B.-H. Microenvironment regulation for high-performance acidic CO2 electroreduction on Poly(ionic liquid)-modified Cu surface. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124681 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Poly-ionic liquid-coated Cu NPs mixed with CuCl, on GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu"},"Imidazolium, bipyridinium-based ionic liquid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@BPIL@Cu",{"$f":"H38","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.005 M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.5 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",47,"Pan, Y., Li, X.-Q., Duan, G.-Y., Fang, J. & Xu, B.-H. Microenvironment regulation for high-performance acidic CO2 electroreduction on Poly(ionic liquid)-modified Cu surface. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124681 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","\"N117\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",43,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, O"},"Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J40","v":"\"N117\""},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",43,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Hexaethynylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",44,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CuO NPs coated with hexaethynylbenzene layer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D42","v":"Hexaethynylbenzene"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},"Hexaethynylbenzene/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"-"},{"$f":"J42","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",44,"Ren, S. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation. Nano-Micro Letters 16, 262, doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01480-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Core/shell-type particles comprising a carbon core with a CuOx shell coated with a PTFE layer, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, C, O","PTFE, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/CuOx+C_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-230\nmA/cm2",62,"Liu, W. et al. Electron-rich Cu0-Cu2O heterogeneous interface constructed via controllable electrochemical reconstruction for a single CO2 deep-reduction product ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 348, 123831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.123831 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Core/shell-type particles comprising a carbon core with a CuOx shell coated with a PTFE layer, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, C, O"},{"$f":"D44","v":"PTFE, nafion"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},"PTFE/CuOx+C_NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.92 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-230\nmA/cm2",62,"Liu, W. et al. Electron-rich Cu0-Cu2O heterogeneous interface constructed via controllable electrochemical reconstruction for a single CO2 deep-reduction product ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 348, 123831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.123831 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NPs coated with a carboxylic-acid terminated C12 alkyl chain, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Nafion, HOOC-(CHy)n-COOH","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alkyl-chain/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion","(CEM)","? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",63,"Li, W. et al. Confined Intermediates Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 14, 13400-13407, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02823 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu2O NPs coated with a carboxylic-acid terminated C12 alkyl chain, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D46","v":"Nafion, HOOC-(CHy)n-COOH"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},"Alkyl-chain/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"? Nafion"},{"$f":"L46","v":"? 0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"? Pt wire"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",63,"Li, W. et al. Confined Intermediates Boost C2+ Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 14, 13400-13407, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02823 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) coated with a 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole shell, on a GDL","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole, Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt network","?","?","CO2","-2.08 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",58,"Jiang, Y. et al. Impact of Adsorbed CO on the Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene on 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole Coordinated Cu. ACS Catal 14, 9870-9876, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02042 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (25 nm) coated with a 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu"},"4,5‐dicyanoimidazole, Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4,5‐dicyanoimidazole/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H48","v":"3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L48","v":"3 M KCl + x M HCl (pH 1)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt network"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.08 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",58,"Jiang, Y. et al. Impact of Adsorbed CO on the Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene on 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole Coordinated Cu. ACS Catal 14, 9870-9876, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c02042 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mesoporous Cu(OH)2 NRs mixed with large quantity of Nafion (28.4 wt%), supported on CNTs, on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic, A-supports-B","Cu, O, C","Nafion or Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion/CuOx_NPs/CNTs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",1,"CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic regulation of hydrophobicity and basicity for copper hydroxide-derived copper to promote the CO2 electroreduction reaction. Carbon Energy 5, e328, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.328 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Mesoporous Cu(OH)2 NRs mixed with large quantity of Nafion (28.4 wt%), supported on CNTs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion or Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion/CuOx_NPs/CNTs",{"$f":"H50","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"?"},{"$f":"L50","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic regulation of hydrophobicity and basicity for copper hydroxide-derived copper to promote the CO2 electroreduction reaction. Carbon Energy 5, e328, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.328 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"?"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pyroglutamic acid-modified (\"Pyr1.0\") Cu2O NPs (reconstructing into nanoneedles), grown on carbon paper","Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, O","Pyroglutami acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyroglutamic-A/Cu2O_NPs",null,"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-510\nmA/cm2",52,"Jing, H. et al. Highly efficient stable pyroglutamic acid-modified Cu2O/Cu catalysts with reconstruction-resistant interfaces for CO2-to-C2 conversion at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 365, 124977, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124977 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Pyroglutamic acid-modified (\"Pyr1.0\") Cu2O NPs (reconstructing into nanoneedles), grown on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, O"},"Pyroglutami acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyroglutamic-A/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")"},{"$f":"J52","v":"?"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"CO2-saturated 1.0 M KOH\")"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P52","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-510\nmA/cm2",52,"Jing, H. et al. Highly efficient stable pyroglutamic acid-modified Cu2O/Cu catalysts with reconstruction-resistant interfaces for CO2-to-C2 conversion at high current density. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 365, 124977, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124977 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":0},null,{"$f":"I78","v":0},{"$f":"K78","v":0},{"$f":"M78","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A80","v":0},{"$f":"C80","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H80","v":0},{"$f":"J80","v":0},{"$f":"L80","v":0},{"$f":"O80","v":0},{"$f":"N80","v":0},{"$f":"P80","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":0},null,{"$f":"I80","v":0},{"$f":"K80","v":0},{"$f":"M80","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A82","v":0},{"$f":"C82","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H82","v":0},{"$f":"J82","v":0},{"$f":"L82","v":0},{"$f":"O82","v":0},{"$f":"N82","v":0},{"$f":"P82","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":0},null,{"$f":"I82","v":0},{"$f":"K82","v":0},{"$f":"M82","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A84","v":0},{"$f":"C84","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H84","v":0},{"$f":"J84","v":0},{"$f":"L84","v":0},{"$f":"O84","v":0},{"$f":"N84","v":0},{"$f":"P84","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":0},null,{"$f":"I84","v":0},{"$f":"K84","v":0},{"$f":"M84","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A86","v":0},{"$f":"C86","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H86","v":0},{"$f":"J86","v":0},{"$f":"L86","v":0},{"$f":"O86","v":0},{"$f":"N86","v":0},{"$f":"P86","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":0},null,{"$f":"I86","v":0},{"$f":"K86","v":0},{"$f":"M86","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A88","v":0},{"$f":"C88","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H88","v":0},{"$f":"J88","v":0},{"$f":"L88","v":0},{"$f":"O88","v":0},{"$f":"N88","v":0},{"$f":"P88","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":0},null,{"$f":"I88","v":0},{"$f":"K88","v":0},{"$f":"M88","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A90","v":0},{"$f":"C90","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H90","v":0},{"$f":"J90","v":0},{"$f":"L90","v":0},{"$f":"O90","v":0},{"$f":"N90","v":0},{"$f":"P90","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":0},null,{"$f":"I90","v":0},{"$f":"K90","v":0},{"$f":"M90","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A92","v":0},{"$f":"C92","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H92","v":0},{"$f":"J92","v":0},{"$f":"L92","v":0},{"$f":"O92","v":0},{"$f":"N92","v":0},{"$f":"P92","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":0},null,{"$f":"I92","v":0},{"$f":"K92","v":0},{"$f":"M92","v":0},0]
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["†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1Many of the total FE values in the publication were shown to be ca. 110 %  - thus we report here the highest C2H4 value with a total FE close to 100% (being 56 % as opposed to 69 %)"]
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[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Electroplated Cu (90 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work[insert ref]), with N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine (Py) midlayer and hydrophobic (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x short sidechain (SSC) ionomer toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine, (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated Cu:Py:SCC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37–50 grade 60","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh",25,"?","CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-164\nmA/cm2",65,"A. Ozden et al., Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene. Joule 5, 706-719 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Electroplated Cu (90 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work[insert ref]), with N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine (Py) midlayer and hydrophobic (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x short sidechain (SSC) ionomer toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D18","v":"N-tolyl substituted tetrahydro-bipyridine, (C4HF7O4S.C2F4)x"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Electroplated Cu:Py:SCC"},{"$f":"H18","v":"-"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Sustainion X37–50 grade 60"},{"$f":"L18","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrO2/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO","-2.5 V\nvs. ANODE","-164\nmA/cm2",65,"A. Ozden et al., Cascade CO2 electroreduction enables efficient carbonate-free production of ethylene. Joule 5, 706-719 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeOx","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D20","v":"CNPs, Graphite"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE"},{"$f":"H20","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"NiFeOx"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",70,"C.-T. Dinh et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783-787 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-280\nmA/cm2",70,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D22","v":"CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"CO2/plated_Cu"},{"$f":"H22","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-280\nmA/cm2",70,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","n/a",42,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D24","v":"CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"CO2/plated_Cu"},{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"NiFe hydroxides/Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","n/a",42,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CO2/plated_Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","0.15 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Electroplated Cu (60 s @ 400 mA/cm2) from CuBr2/tartrate/1 M KOH-containing bath with active CO2 flow (though CO also seems to work), with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL (ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D26","v":"CNPs/Nafion, Graphite/Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"CO2/plated_Cu"},{"$f":"H26","v":"-"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Sustainion X37-50 grade 60"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.15 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Wang et al., Catalyst synthesis under CO2 electroreduction favours faceting and promotes renewable fuels electrosynthesis. Nature Catalysis,  (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Tip-exposed PTFE-coated electrochemically grown Cu nanoneedles scraped off and deposited on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE/Cu_NN","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"B. Yang et al., Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric–Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 3039-3049 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Tip-exposed PTFE-coated electrochemically grown Cu nanoneedles scraped off and deposited on a PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion, PTFE"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"PTFE/Cu_NN"},{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.76 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",45,"B. Yang et al., Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric–Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 3039-3049 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["25 nm Cu NPs/nafion mix sprayed on top of nafion pre-covered Cu-sputtered PTFE nanowires","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-NPs/Nafion-modified PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",60,"F. P. G. d. Arquer et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2. Science 367, 661-666 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"25 nm Cu NPs/nafion mix sprayed on top of nafion pre-covered Cu-sputtered PTFE nanowires"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D30","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E30","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F30","v":"Cu-NPs/Nafion-modified PTFE"},{"$f":"H30","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"7.0 M KOH (pH 14.7)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",60,"F. P. G. d. Arquer et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2. Science 367, 661-666 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu plate with in-situ electrodeposited N-functionalized aryl moiety (10 mM)","Overlayer","Cu","N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium-Br2","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",45,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu plate with in-situ electrodeposited N-functionalized aryl moiety (10 mM)"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D32","v":"N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium-Br2"},{"$f":"E32","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F32","v":"N-polymer/Cu"},{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.07 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",45,"A. Thevenon, A. Rosas-Hernández, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In-Situ Nanostructuring and Stabilization of Polycrystalline Copper by an Organic Salt Additive Promotes Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie 131, 17108-17114 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["1-octadecanethiol-modified electroplated Cu dendrites, on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","1-octadecanethiol","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Thiol/Cu_dendrites","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",56,"D. Wakerley et al., Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface. Nature materials 18, 1222-1227 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"1-octadecanethiol-modified electroplated Cu dendrites, on Cu plate"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D34","v":"1-octadecanethiol"},{"$f":"E34","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F34","v":"Thiol/Cu_dendrites"},{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",56,"D. Wakerley et al., Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface. Nature materials 18, 1222-1227 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["N-arylpyridinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)\nbispyridinium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",72,"F. Li et al., Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 577, 509-513 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"N-arylpyridinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D36","v":"N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)\nbispyridinium salt"},{"$f":"E36","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F36","v":"N-polymer/Cu-GDE"},{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-325\nmA/cm2",72,"F. Li et al., Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion. Nature 577, 509-513 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.4 V \nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",69,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D38","v":"Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide"},{"$f":"E38","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F38","v":"Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE"},{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"IrO2/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-4.4 V \nvs. ANODE","-330\nmA/cm2",69,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","-2.5 V \nvs. ANODE","-84\nmA/cm2",52,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Aquivion toplayer on N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium electrodeposition-modified Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D40","v":"Aquivion D79-25BS, N,N’-ethylene-phenanthrolinium\ndibromide"},{"$f":"E40","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F40","v":"Multi-functionalized/Cu_PTFE"},{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"IrO2/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO","-2.5 V \nvs. ANODE","-84\nmA/cm2",52,"A. Ozden et al., High-Rate and Efficient Ethylene Electrosynthesis Using a Catalyst/Promoter/Transport Layer. ACS Energy Letters 5, 2811-2818 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Polyaniline-coated Cu NPs on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu ","Nafion, Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polyaniline/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Quaternary ammonia poly(N-methylpiperidine-\nco-p-terphenyl)","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Wei et al., Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Hydrocarbons at Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces. ACS Catal 10, 4103-4111 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Polyaniline-coated Cu NPs on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu "},{"$f":"D42","v":"Nafion, Polyaniline"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F42","v":"Polyaniline/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Quaternary ammonia poly(N-methylpiperidine-\nco-p-terphenyl)"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.13 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Wei et al., Highly Selective Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Hydrocarbons at Copper/Polyaniline Interfaces. ACS Catal 10, 4103-4111 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-433\nmA/cm2",72,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D44","v":"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F44","v":"N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE"},{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"?"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"?"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-433\nmA/cm2",72,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.47 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",87,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide-coated electrodeposited Cu dendrites on GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D46","v":"Poly-N-(6-aminohexyl)acrylamide"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F46","v":"N-polymer/Cu#2-GDE"},{"$f":"H46","v":"10 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"?"},{"$f":"L46","v":"10 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"?"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.47 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",87,"X. Chen et al., Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes. Nature Catalysis 4, 20-27 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu on top of polyaniline pre-functionalized carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-polymer/Cu#3","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",59,"S. Jia et al., Hierarchical Metal–Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 10977-10982 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Electroplated Cu on top of polyaniline pre-functionalized carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D48","v":"Polyaniline"},{"$f":"E48","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F48","v":"N-polymer/Cu#3"},{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",59,"S. Jia et al., Hierarchical Metal–Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 10977-10982 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Spin-coated tricomponent ionic liquid polymer-modified Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Various ionic liquids","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","3xIL-polymer/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Wang et al., Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 2857-2865 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Spin-coated tricomponent ionic liquid polymer-modified Cu plate"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D50","v":"Various ionic liquids"},{"$f":"E50","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F50","v":"3xIL-polymer/Cu"},{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",56,"J. Wang et al., Selective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Enabled by a Tricomponent Copolymer Modifier on a Copper Surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 2857-2865 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Polydopamine-coated rod-like Cu-MOF, on glassy carbon","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, polydopamine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Polydopamine/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Z.-H. Zhao, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Polydopamine Coating of a Metal–Organic Framework with Bi-Copper Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 7986-7993 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Polydopamine-coated rod-like Cu-MOF, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D52","v":"Nafion, polydopamine"},{"$f":"E52","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F52","v":"Polydopamine/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",51,"Z.-H. Zhao, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Polydopamine Coating of a Metal–Organic Framework with Bi-Copper Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 7986-7993 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Polypyrrole nanowires-modified Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion, Polypyrrole","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polypyrrole/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?","?","CO","-0.58 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1 (69)","Y. Ji, C. Yang, L. Qian, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 600, 847-853 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Polypyrrole nanowires-modified Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D54","v":"Nafion, Polypyrrole"},{"$f":"E54","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F54","v":"Polypyrrole/Cu-GDE"},{"$f":"H54","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Fumatech FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O54","v":"IrO2/C"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.58 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-inorganic_overlayer,1 (69)","Y. Ji, C. Yang, L. Qian, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 600, 847-853 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["0.01 mg/cm2 microporous polymer (combination of ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger’s base (TB) monomers)-coated Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Ethanoanthracene, Troger’s base","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MicroP-Polymer/Cu-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.63 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",48,"S. C. Perry et al., Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for targeted CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemosphere 248, 125993 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"0.01 mg/cm2 microporous polymer (combination of ethanoanthracene (EA) and Troger’s base (TB) monomers)-coated Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu"},"Ethanoanthracene, Troger’s base","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MicroP-Polymer/Cu-GDE",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.63 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",48,"S. C. Perry et al., Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) for targeted CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemosphere 248, 125993 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a calcined MOF-derived/nafion underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-4.1 V (?) \nvs. ANODE","-525\nmA/cm2",51,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a calcined MOF-derived/nafion underlayer, on a PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":25},1,"CO2","-4.1 V (?) \nvs. ANODE","-525\nmA/cm2",51,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a MOF/nafion-derived underlayer, on a PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V \nvs. ANODE","-255\nmA/cm2",54,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer on a sputtered Cu midlayer with a MOF/nafion-derived underlayer, on a PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H60","v":"-"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O60","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":25},1,"CO2","-3.8 V \nvs. ANODE","-255\nmA/cm2",54,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon NP/nafion toplayer with a MOF/nafion-derived midlayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO","-2.7 V \nvs. ANODE","-295\nmA/cm2",41,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Carbon NP/nafion toplayer with a MOF/nafion-derived midlayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sandwich/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H62","v":"-"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L62","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O62","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":25},1,"CO","-2.7 V \nvs. ANODE","-295\nmA/cm2",41,"D.-H. Nam et al., High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electrolysis to Ethylene via Metal–Organic-Framework-Augmented CO2 Availability. Advanced Materials 34, 2207088 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolymerized ethynyl and azide-based overlayer with in-situ generated distrubted Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Overlayer","Cu","Ethynyl-precursor, azide-precursor","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electropolymer/Cu-NPs/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",20,"R. Igarashi, R. Takeuchi, K. Kubo, T. Mizuta, S. Kume, On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper (I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Frontiers in Chemistry 7, 860 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Electropolymerized ethynyl and azide-based overlayer with in-situ generated distrubted Cu NPs, on Cu substrate"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu"},"Ethynyl-precursor, azide-precursor","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electropolymer/Cu-NPs/Cu",{"$f":"H64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",20,"R. Igarashi, R. Takeuchi, K. Kubo, T. Mizuta, S. Kume, On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper (I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Frontiers in Chemistry 7, 860 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with poly(Lys, Phe), with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","poly(Lys, Phe)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Amine/Cu(OH)x_dendrites","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-2.3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Electrodeposited Cu(OH)x dendrites (-200 mA/cm2 for 10 min from 0.05 M H2SO4/2.5 M KCl/7 mM CuSO4 bath with poly(Lys, Phe), with active CO2 flow), on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, O"},"poly(Lys, Phe)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electroplated/Amine/Cu(OH)x_dendrites",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-200\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Cao et al., Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions. Nature Communications 14, 2387 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduced gluconic acid-capped (800 mg)  OH-rich Cu2O NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Gluconic acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GluconicA/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",44,"C. Li et al., Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Surface Hydroxylation over Cu-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 13, 16114-16125 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Pre-reduced gluconic acid-capped (800 mg)  OH-rich Cu2O NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion, Gluconic acid","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","GluconicA/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H68","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)"},{"$f":"J68","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L68","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (pH 7.8)"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",44,"C. Li et al., Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Surface Hydroxylation over Cu-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 13, 16114-16125 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electropolymerized N-tolyl pyridinium-based overlayer on Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","N-tolyl pyridinium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-tolyl/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.41 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",34,"W. Nie, G. P. Heim, N. B. Watkins, T. Agapie, J. C. Peters, Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202216102 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Electropolymerized N-tolyl pyridinium-based overlayer on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu"},"N-tolyl pyridinium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-tolyl/Cu",{"$f":"H70","v":"H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L70","v":"H3PO4/0.1 M KOH (pH 2)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.41 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",34,"W. Nie, G. P. Heim, N. B. Watkins, T. Agapie, J. C. Peters, Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202216102 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electrocycled (CVs in 0.3 M KCl) Cu plate with benzimidazole overlayer","Overlayer","Cu","Benzimidazole","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Benzimidazole/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Zhong et al., Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chemical Communications 54, 11324-11327 (2018).",null,{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu"},"Benzimidazole","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Benzimidazole/Cu",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"?"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Zhong et al., Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chemical Communications 54, 11324-11327 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["N1-/N3-substituted imidazolium-based overlayer on Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","N1-substituted (1,10-\nphenanthrolinyl) and N3-substituted (n-butyl) imidazolium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N1/3-sub_imidazolium/Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co.,\nLtd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",73,"B. Cheng et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 27823-27832 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Electrocycled (CVs in 0.3 M KCl) Cu plate with benzimidazole overlayer"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu"},"N1-substituted (1,10-\nphenanthrolinyl) and N3-substituted (n-butyl) imidazolium","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N1/3-sub_imidazolium/Cu_plate",{"$f":"H74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co.,\nLtd\""},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.24 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",73,"B. Cheng et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Using Imidazolium-Functionalized Copper. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, 27823-27832 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["50 μm Cu-exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3 'mixed matrix membrane' toplayer, on a PVA/Chitosan midlayer, on a commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder underlayer, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL (exact conditions ambiguously reported)","Overlayer","Cu","Chitosan, Cu exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3, polyvinylalcohol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Complex-overlayer/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X-37 50 grade","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",98,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"50 μm Cu-exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3 'mixed matrix membrane' toplayer, on a PVA/Chitosan midlayer, on a commercial 70 nm Cu NPs with chitosan bio-based polymeric binder underlayer, on Toray TGP-H-60 GDL (exact conditions ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu"},"Chitosan, Cu exchanged stannosilicate UZAR-S3, polyvinylalcohol","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Complex-overlayer/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H76","v":"-"},{"$f":"J76","v":"Sustainion X-37 50 grade"},{"$f":"L76","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",98,"A. Marcos-Madrazo, C. Casado-Coterillo, J. Iniesta, A. Irabien, Use of Chitosan as Copper Binder in the Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene in Alkaline Medium. Membranes 12, 783 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial spherical Cu microparticles with native CuOx film and nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,1,"CO","-0.78 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Li et al., Effectively Increased Efficiency for Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Using Supported Polycrystalline Copper Powder Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 9, 4709-4718 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Commercial spherical Cu microparticles with native CuOx film and nafion toplayer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/CuOx",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":25},1,"CO","-0.78 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Li et al., Effectively Increased Efficiency for Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide Using Supported Polycrystalline Copper Powder Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 9, 4709-4718 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic Cu NPs with nafion toplayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/C","?",1,"CO","-1.46 V\nvs. RHE","-72\nmA/cm2",48,"D. S. Ripatti, T. R. Veltman, M. W. Kanan, Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion. Joule 3, 240-256 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Metallic Cu NPs with nafion toplayer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Naf-top/Cu",{"$f":"H80","v":"1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L80","v":"1.0 M NaOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O80","v":"IrO2/C"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},1,"CO","-1.46 V\nvs. RHE","-72\nmA/cm2",48,"D. S. Ripatti, T. R. Veltman, M. W. Kanan, Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion. Joule 3, 240-256 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Diphenyliodonium salt-derived electrografted overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Diphenyliodonium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diphenyliodonium/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",39,"N. B. Watkins, Y. Wu, W. Nie, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In Situ Deposited Polyaromatic Layer Generates Robust Copper Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Variable pH. ACS Energy Letters 8, 189-195 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Diphenyliodonium salt-derived electrografted overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu"},"Diphenyliodonium salt","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diphenyliodonium/Cu",{"$f":"H82","v":"1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L82","v":"1.0 M H3PO4 + 1.0 M KCl (pH ≈ 1)"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":25},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",39,"N. B. Watkins, Y. Wu, W. Nie, J. C. Peters, T. Agapie, In Situ Deposited Polyaromatic Layer Generates Robust Copper Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Variable pH. ACS Energy Letters 8, 189-195 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["1-methyl-benzimidazolium-functionalized paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one polymer on top of on Cu NPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu","1-methyl-benzimidazolium, paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Me-benzimidazolium/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT (?)","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"L. Xue et al., Dual-Role of Polyelectrolyte-Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co-Electrolysis to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309519 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"1-methyl-benzimidazolium-functionalized paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one polymer on top of on Cu NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu"},"1-methyl-benzimidazolium, paraterphenyl-trifluoroheptan-2-one","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Me-benzimidazolium/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H84","v":"-"},{"$f":"J84","v":"QAPPT (?)"},{"$f":"L84","v":"Milli-Q water"},{"$f":"O84","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":50},"?","CO2","-3.44 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"L. Xue et al., Dual-Role of Polyelectrolyte-Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co-Electrolysis to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309519 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO","-2.51 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu"},"Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H86","v":"-"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O86","v":"IrOx/Ni"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":25},1,"CO","-2.51 V\nvs. ANODE","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ni",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-316\nmA/cm2",62,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Commercial 25 nm Cu NPs with Hex-Aza COF-based overlayer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},"Hexaketocyclohexane, 2,3,6,7-tetraamino-phenazine hydrochloride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hex-Aza/Cu_NPs#2",{"$f":"H88","v":"-"},{"$f":"J88","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L88","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)"},{"$f":"O88","v":"IrOx/Ni"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":25},1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-316\nmA/cm2",62,"A. Ozden et al., Energy- and carbon-efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration–adsorption. Nature Energy 8, 179-190 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K88","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hydrophobic pention D18 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Pention D18","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pention_D18/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50, grade 60","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.58 V -iR\nvs. Au/QRE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Zhuansun et al., Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Hydrophobicity-Induced Electro-Kinetic Retardation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309875 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"Hydrophobic pention D18 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu"},"Pention D18","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pention_D18/Cu_sputter",{"$f":"H90","v":"-"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Sustainion X37-50, grade 60"},{"$f":"L90","v":"Milli-Q water"},{"$f":"O90","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.58 V -iR\nvs. Au/QRE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Zhuansun et al., Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Hydrophobicity-Induced Electro-Kinetic Retardation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202309875 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["QAPEEK' overlayer on 1 μm-thick Cu layer with nanoscale roughness, sputtered on a GDL","Overlayer","Cu","QAPEEK (quaternary ammonia poly(ether ether ketone))","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#5","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","Milli-Q water","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.46 V\nvs. ANODE","-600\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"QAPEEK' overlayer on 1 μm-thick Cu layer with nanoscale roughness, sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu"},"QAPEEK (quaternary ammonia poly(ether ether ketone))","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu#5",{"$f":"H92","v":"-"},{"$f":"J92","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L92","v":"Milli-Q water"},{"$f":"O92","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":50},"?","CO2","-3.46 V\nvs. ANODE","-600\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electrolyte-soaked 60 µm-thick porous (0.44 μm pore size) PTFE support overlayer on top of commercial 25 nm Cu NPs, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Thin-film-PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Home-made BPM with TiO2 NP interlayer","(BPM [rev])","0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti felt",35,"?","CO2","-5.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"K. Xie et al., Bipolar membrane electrolyzers enable high single-pass CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 13, 3609 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Electrolyte-soaked 60 µm-thick porous (0.44 μm pore size) PTFE support overlayer on top of commercial 25 nm Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Thin-film-PTFE/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H94","v":"0.5M K2SO4"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Home-made BPM with TiO2 NP interlayer"},{"$f":"L94","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (no active CO2 flow)"},{"$f":"O94","v":"IrO2/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":35},"?","CO2","-5.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"K. Xie et al., Bipolar membrane electrolyzers enable high single-pass CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 13, 3609 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(BPM [rev])"},{"$f":"M94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Amorphous N-functionalized (34% N)) carbon overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.59 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrically powered CO2-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nature Energy 5, 478-486 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"Amorphous N-functionalized (34% N)) carbon overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C/Cu_PTFE",{"$f":"H96","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J96","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L96","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P96","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.59 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrically powered CO2-to-ethanol via suppression of deoxygenation. Nature Energy 5, 478-486 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",70,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H98","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L98","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O98","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",70,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",42,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Carbon black NP (XC72R) overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNP_over/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H100","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J100","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L100","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"O100","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",42,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Nafion overlayer covering a catalyst layer comprised of electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating, on GDL","Overlayer","Cu, O","Nafion, Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-602\nmA/cm2",89,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Nafion overlayer covering a catalyst layer comprised of electroplated Cu modified via grafting an aryl diazonium-based polymeric coating, on GDL"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion, Aryl diazonium-based polymer","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Diazonium/CuOx",{"$f":"H102","v":"-"},{"$f":"J102","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L102","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O102","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P102","v":25},1,"CO2","-3.85 V\nvs. ANODE","-602\nmA/cm2",89,"H. Wu et al., Selective and energy-efficient electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2 by tuning the valence of Cu catalysts through aryl diazonium functionalization. Nature Energy,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M102","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cs-exchanged Nafion overlayer (0.7 μm) on Cu sputtered  PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu","Nafion (Cs)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion(Cs)/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO","-2.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-50\nmA/cm2",51,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425.",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Cs-exchanged Nafion overlayer (0.7 μm) on Cu sputtered  PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu"},"Nafion (Cs)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nafion(Cs)/Cu",{"$f":"H104","v":"-"},{"$f":"J104","v":"-"},{"$f":"L104","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O104","v":"NiFe/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},"?","CO","-2.3 V\nvs. ANODE","-50\nmA/cm2",51,"M. A. Adnan, S. K. Nabil, K. Kannimuthu, M. G. Kibria, Modulating Cation and Water Transports for Enhanced CO Electrolysis via Ionomer Coating. ChemSusChem n/a, e202301425."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M104","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Glycine overlayer on top Cu plate","Overlayer","Cu","Glycine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Gly/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-\nmA/cm2",24,"M. S. Xie et al., Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy & Environmental Science 9, 1687-1695 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Glycine overlayer on top Cu plate"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu"},"Glycine","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Gly/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O106","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-\nmA/cm2",24,"M. S. Xie et al., Amino acid modified copper electrodes for the enhanced selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide towards hydrocarbons. Energy & Environmental Science 9, 1687-1695 (2016)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Surface S-doped 'coral-like' CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, S, O","Nafion, thioacetamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",48,"T. Jia et al., Engineering vacancy and hydrophobicity of spherical coral-like CuO catalyst for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Surfaces and Interfaces 38, 102841 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Surface S-doped 'coral-like' CuO MPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu, S, O"},"Nafion, thioacetamide","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S/CuOx_MPs",{"$f":"H108","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J108","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L108","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O108","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P108","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",48,"T. Jia et al., Engineering vacancy and hydrophobicity of spherical coral-like CuO catalyst for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Surfaces and Interfaces 38, 102841 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M108","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of Cu foil","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of Cu foil"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu"},"a-ethyl cyanoacrylate","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil",{"$f":"H110","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J110","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L110","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O110","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of commercial Cu NPs on GDL","Overlayer","Cu","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-190\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"Polymerized a-ethyl cyanoacrylate overlayer on top of commercial Cu NPs on GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu"},"a-ethyl cyanoacrylate, nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","a-ethyl cyanoacrylate/Cu_foil",{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J112","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O112","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-190\nmA/cm2",41,"Shi, Y. et al. Polyacrylate modified Cu electrode for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction towards multicarbon products. Science Bulletin 69, 2395-2404, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.014 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",48,"Gabardo, C. M. et al. Continuous Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Concentrated Multi-carbon Products Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly. Joule 3, 2777-2791, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.021 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Sputtered Cu with Carbon NP midlayer and graphite toplayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu, C"},"CNPs, Graphite","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-S/CNPs/Graph/PTFE",{"$f":"H114","v":"-"},{"$f":"J114","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L114","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O114","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P114","v":20},1,"CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",48,"Gabardo, C. M. et al. Continuous Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Concentrated Multi-carbon Products Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly. Joule 3, 2777-2791, doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.021 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K114","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M114","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",56,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs",{"$f":"H116","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J116","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L116","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O116","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P116","v":20},1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",56,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",20,1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-358\nmA/cm2",58,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964.",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Carbon black (Vulcan XC 72) layer on top of Cu2O NCs mixed with PVP/amine-containing microgel spheres midlayer, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Microgel/Cu2O_NCs/CNPs",{"$f":"H118","v":"-"},{"$f":"J118","v":"Sustainion X37-50"},{"$f":"L118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O118","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P118","v":20},1,"CO2","-4 V\nvs. ANODE","-358\nmA/cm2",58,"Rabiee, H. et al. Rational Designing Microenvironment of Gas-Diffusion Electrodes via Microgel-Augmented CO2 Availability for High-Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Advanced Science n/a, 2402964, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202402964."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["PVDF overlayer on top of CuO NPs on carbon paper","Overlayer","Cu, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.22 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",41,"Liang, H.-Q. et al. Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water. ACS Catal 11, 958-966, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03766 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"PVDF overlayer on top of CuO NPs on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu, O"},"PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PVDF/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H120","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J120","v":"Glass frit"},{"$f":"L120","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O120","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.22 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",41,"Liang, H.-Q. et al. Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water. ACS Catal 11, 958-966, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c03766 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(DIAPH)"},{"$f":"M120","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A122","v":0},{"$f":"C122","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H122","v":0},{"$f":"J122","v":0},{"$f":"L122","v":0},{"$f":"O122","v":0},{"$f":"N122","v":0},{"$f":"P122","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G122","v":0},null,{"$f":"I122","v":0},{"$f":"K122","v":0},{"$f":"M122","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A124","v":0},{"$f":"C124","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H124","v":0},{"$f":"J124","v":0},{"$f":"L124","v":0},{"$f":"O124","v":0},{"$f":"N124","v":0},{"$f":"P124","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G124","v":0},null,{"$f":"I124","v":0},{"$f":"K124","v":0},{"$f":"M124","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A126","v":0},{"$f":"C126","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H126","v":0},{"$f":"J126","v":0},{"$f":"L126","v":0},{"$f":"O126","v":0},{"$f":"N126","v":0},{"$f":"P126","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G126","v":0},null,{"$f":"I126","v":0},{"$f":"K126","v":0},{"$f":"M126","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A128","v":0},{"$f":"C128","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H128","v":0},{"$f":"J128","v":0},{"$f":"L128","v":0},{"$f":"O128","v":0},{"$f":"N128","v":0},{"$f":"P128","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G128","v":0},null,{"$f":"I128","v":0},{"$f":"K128","v":0},{"$f":"M128","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A130","v":0},{"$f":"C130","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H130","v":0},{"$f":"J130","v":0},{"$f":"L130","v":0},{"$f":"O130","v":0},{"$f":"N130","v":0},{"$f":"P130","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G130","v":0},null,{"$f":"I130","v":0},{"$f":"K130","v":0},{"$f":"M130","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A132","v":0},{"$f":"C132","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H132","v":0},{"$f":"J132","v":0},{"$f":"L132","v":0},{"$f":"O132","v":0},{"$f":"N132","v":0},{"$f":"P132","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G132","v":0},null,{"$f":"I132","v":0},{"$f":"K132","v":0},{"$f":"M132","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A134","v":0},{"$f":"C134","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H134","v":0},{"$f":"J134","v":0},{"$f":"L134","v":0},{"$f":"O134","v":0},{"$f":"N134","v":0},{"$f":"P134","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G134","v":0},null,{"$f":"I134","v":0},{"$f":"K134","v":0},{"$f":"M134","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A136","v":0},{"$f":"C136","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H136","v":0},{"$f":"J136","v":0},{"$f":"L136","v":0},{"$f":"O136","v":0},{"$f":"N136","v":0},{"$f":"P136","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G136","v":0},null,{"$f":"I136","v":0},{"$f":"K136","v":0},{"$f":"M136","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A138","v":0},{"$f":"C138","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H138","v":0},{"$f":"J138","v":0},{"$f":"L138","v":0},{"$f":"O138","v":0},{"$f":"N138","v":0},{"$f":"P138","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G138","v":0},null,{"$f":"I138","v":0},{"$f":"K138","v":0},{"$f":"M138","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A140","v":0},{"$f":"C140","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H140","v":0},{"$f":"J140","v":0},{"$f":"L140","v":0},{"$f":"O140","v":0},{"$f":"N140","v":0},{"$f":"P140","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G140","v":0},null,{"$f":"I140","v":0},{"$f":"K140","v":0},{"$f":"M140","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A142","v":0},{"$f":"C142","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H142","v":0},{"$f":"J142","v":0},{"$f":"L142","v":0},{"$f":"O142","v":0},{"$f":"N142","v":0},{"$f":"P142","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G142","v":0},null,{"$f":"I142","v":0},{"$f":"K142","v":0},{"$f":"M142","v":0},0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G144","v":0},null,{"$f":"I144","v":0},{"$f":"K144","v":0},{"$f":"M144","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A146","v":0},{"$f":"C146","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H146","v":0},{"$f":"J146","v":0},{"$f":"L146","v":0},{"$f":"O146","v":0},{"$f":"N146","v":0},{"$f":"P146","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G146","v":0},null,{"$f":"I146","v":0},{"$f":"K146","v":0},{"$f":"M146","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A148","v":0},{"$f":"C148","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H148","v":0},{"$f":"J148","v":0},{"$f":"L148","v":0},{"$f":"O148","v":0},{"$f":"N148","v":0},{"$f":"P148","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G148","v":0},null,{"$f":"I148","v":0},{"$f":"K148","v":0},{"$f":"M148","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A150","v":0},{"$f":"C150","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H150","v":0},{"$f":"J150","v":0},{"$f":"L150","v":0},{"$f":"O150","v":0},{"$f":"N150","v":0},{"$f":"P150","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G150","v":0},null,{"$f":"I150","v":0},{"$f":"K150","v":0},{"$f":"M150","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A152","v":0},{"$f":"C152","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H152","v":0},{"$f":"J152","v":0},{"$f":"L152","v":0},{"$f":"O152","v":0},{"$f":"N152","v":0},{"$f":"P152","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G152","v":0},null,{"$f":"I152","v":0},{"$f":"K152","v":0},{"$f":"M152","v":0},0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G156","v":0},null,{"$f":"I156","v":0},{"$f":"K156","v":0},{"$f":"M156","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A158","v":0},{"$f":"C158","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H158","v":0},{"$f":"J158","v":0},{"$f":"L158","v":0},{"$f":"O158","v":0},{"$f":"N158","v":0},{"$f":"P158","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G158","v":0},null,{"$f":"I158","v":0},{"$f":"K158","v":0},{"$f":"M158","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A160","v":0},{"$f":"C160","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H160","v":0},{"$f":"J160","v":0},{"$f":"L160","v":0},{"$f":"O160","v":0},{"$f":"N160","v":0},{"$f":"P160","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G160","v":0},null,{"$f":"I160","v":0},{"$f":"K160","v":0},{"$f":"M160","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A162","v":0},{"$f":"C162","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H162","v":0},{"$f":"J162","v":0},{"$f":"L162","v":0},{"$f":"O162","v":0},{"$f":"N162","v":0},{"$f":"P162","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G162","v":0},null,{"$f":"I162","v":0},{"$f":"K162","v":0},{"$f":"M162","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A164","v":0},{"$f":"C164","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H164","v":0},{"$f":"J164","v":0},{"$f":"L164","v":0},{"$f":"O164","v":0},{"$f":"N164","v":0},{"$f":"P164","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G164","v":0},null,{"$f":"I164","v":0},{"$f":"K164","v":0},{"$f":"M164","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A166","v":0},{"$f":"C166","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H166","v":0},{"$f":"J166","v":0},{"$f":"L166","v":0},{"$f":"O166","v":0},{"$f":"N166","v":0},{"$f":"P166","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G166","v":0},null,{"$f":"I166","v":0},{"$f":"K166","v":0},{"$f":"M166","v":0},0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G170","v":0},null,{"$f":"I170","v":0},{"$f":"K170","v":0},{"$f":"M170","v":0},0]
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["†_Cu-Al,1Main text states 79.4, SI states 82.4. Report here main text value","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Semi-porous Cu3Al-derived wires, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Al_wires","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Semi-porous Cu3Al-derived wires, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Al"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Al_wires",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"?"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-2.1 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu100Al7.88-OD nanosheets (number representing wt%), consisting of CuOx phases and amorphous Al2O3 phase mixed homogeneously, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.68 V\nvs. RHE","-693\nmA/cm2",44,"H. Cheng et al., Stabilization of Cu+ sites by amorphous Al2O3 to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Green Chemistry,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu100Al7.88-OD nanosheets (number representing wt%), consisting of CuOx phases and amorphous Al2O3 phase mixed homogeneously, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FUMA-FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.68 V\nvs. RHE","-693\nmA/cm2",44,"H. Cheng et al., Stabilization of Cu+ sites by amorphous Al2O3 to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Green Chemistry,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Electrochemically reduced nanosheet-like mixed metal Cu5Al1Ox, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",36,"X. Wen et al., Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons. Vacuum 222, 112974 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Electrochemically reduced nanosheet-like mixed metal Cu5Al1Ox, on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed-Al/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"-"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-75\nmA/cm2",36,"X. Wen et al., Controllable dual Cu–Cu2O sites derived from CuxAl-LDH for CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons. Vacuum 222, 112974 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Al alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Al alloy (95:5), on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Al"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H24","v":"-"},{"$f":"J24","v":"AF1-HNN8-50-X"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.25 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Al LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Al_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-951\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Thermally annealed Cu-Al LDH, on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Al"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Al_LDH",{"$f":"H26","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L26","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-951\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CNP and graphite toplayers, on CuO/CuAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",35,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"CNP and graphite toplayers, on CuO/CuAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Al, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H28","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L28","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-175\nmA/cm2",35,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Al-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuAl-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",51,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Al-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuAl-II\"), on Toray GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",51,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CNP and graphite layer on top of chemically etched co-sputtered Cu/Al layer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",80,"M. Zhong et al., Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 581, 178-183 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"CNP and graphite layer on top of chemically etched co-sputtered Cu/Al layer on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Al, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al/Cu",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.67 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",80,"M. Zhong et al., Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning. Nature 581, 178-183 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",54,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Al, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",54,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on Ta-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, C, O, Ta","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-253\nmA/cm2",61,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Al2O3 partial overlayer (0.8 nm) specifically covering the {111} facets of Cu NPs (10 nm) supported on CNPs, on Ta-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Al, C, O, Ta"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","{111}/Al2O3/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J36","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L36","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O36","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-253\nmA/cm2",61,"H. Li et al., Facet-Selective Deposition of Ultrathin Al2O3 on Copper Nanocrystals for Highly Stable CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 24838-24843 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["QAPEEK (anionic ionomer) layer on top of electrochemically leached (-150 mA in KOH) Cu/Al co-sputtered midlayer on PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","QAPEEK","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","QAPEEK/Al,Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","QAPPT","(AEM)","pure H2O","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",50,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-800\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"QAPEEK (anionic ionomer) layer on top of electrochemically leached (-150 mA in KOH) Cu/Al co-sputtered midlayer on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Al"},"QAPEEK","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","QAPEEK/Al,Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"-"},{"$f":"J38","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L38","v":"pure H2O"},{"$f":"O38","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":50},"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-800\nmA/cm2",50,"W. Li et al., Bifunctional ionomers for efficient co-electrolysis of CO2 and pure water towards ethylene production at industrial-scale current densities. Nature Energy 7, 835-843 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2","79†_Cu-Al,1","S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2","79†_Cu-Al,1","S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO2","-2.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",70,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs",{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"FAA-3-\nPK-130"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni-Fe-Mo foil"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO2","-2.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",70,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo foil",25,"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"CuO NPs supported on Al2CuO4 nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/Al2CuO4_NSs",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"FAA-3-\nPK-130"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Ni-Fe-Mo foil"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Sultan et al., Interface rich CuO/Al2CuO4 surface for selective ethylene production from electrochemical CO2 conversion. Energy & Environmental Science,  (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx nanocubes/rectangles supported on Al2O3 nanosheets having an Al2CuO2 interface layer, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, atomically mixed/crystalline, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Al2CuO2-interface/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",71,"X. Wang et al., Identifying an Interfacial Stabilizer for Regeneration-Free 300 h Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 22759-22766 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"CuOx nanocubes/rectangles supported on Al2O3 nanosheets having an Al2CuO2 interface layer, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Al, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Al2CuO2-interface/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",71,"X. Wang et al., Identifying an Interfacial Stabilizer for Regeneration-Free 300 h Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 22759-22766 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al-doped (1.9 at%, ICP) CuOx nanoflakes derived from calcining Cu MOF,  on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50 Grade\nRT","(AEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",49,"J. Jang et al., Distinct reconstruction of aluminum-doped oxide-derived copper enhances the selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 19066-19073 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Al-doped (1.9 at%, ICP) CuOx nanoflakes derived from calcining Cu MOF,  on a GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Sustainion X37-50 Grade\nRT"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",49,"J. Jang et al., Distinct reconstruction of aluminum-doped oxide-derived copper enhances the selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 19066-19073 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",54,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.95 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",54,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Al-doped (0.09 wt% > 0.27 at.%), agglomerated CuOx nanosheets, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_NSs2",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J52","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O52","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.88 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Wan, L. Lin, T. Yang, Y. Li, Newly generated Cu2OCu interface for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of reconstructed aluminum hydroxide. Electrochimica Acta 421, 140488 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al-doped Cu2O  microparticles, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",45,"S. Li, X. Sha, X. Gao, J. Peng, Al-Doped Octahedral Cu2O Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Produce Ethylene. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 12680 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Al-doped Cu2O  microparticles, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_MPs",{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",45,"S. Li, X. Sha, X. Gao, J. Peng, Al-Doped Octahedral Cu2O Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Produce Ethylene. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, 12680 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electro-reduced KOH-treated Cu/Al LDHs, yielding AlOx decorated Cu NPs, supported on CNPs, on GDL (backside sealed with epoxy)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AlOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.06 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-48\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Zhang et al., Surface promotion of copper nanoparticles with alumina clusters derived from layered double hydroxide accelerates CO2 reduction to ethylene in membrane electrode assemblies. Nano Research 16, 4685-4690 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Electro-reduced KOH-treated Cu/Al LDHs, yielding AlOx decorated Cu NPs, supported on CNPs, on GDL (backside sealed with epoxy)"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Al, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AlOx/CuOx",{"$f":"H56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J56","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.06 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-48\nmA/cm2",50,"J. Zhang et al., Surface promotion of copper nanoparticles with alumina clusters derived from layered double hydroxide accelerates CO2 reduction to ethylene in membrane electrode assemblies. Nano Research 16, 4685-4690 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Calcined (800 °C) Cu/Al LDH pre-cursor, yielding CuAl2O4/CuO NPs, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","PK-3-K-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-0.92 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Zhang, B. Yuan, W. Wang, J. He, X. Xiang, Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202302096 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Calcined (800 °C) Cu/Al LDH pre-cursor, yielding CuAl2O4/CuO NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAl2O4/CuOx_NPs2",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"PK-3-K-130"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.92 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Zhang, B. Yuan, W. Wang, J. He, X. Xiang, Tailoring *H Intermediate Coverage on the CuAl2O4/CuO Catalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202302096 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Porous Cu MPs prepared via dealloying Al2Cu pre-cursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al2Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8􀀀 50-X","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-75\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Qi et al., Scalable fabrication of high activity nanoporous copper powders for electrochemical CO2 reduction via ball milling and dealloying. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45, 101454 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Porous Cu MPs prepared via dealloying Al2Cu pre-cursor, on GDL"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Al"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dealloyed/Al2Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H60","v":"-"},{"$f":"J60","v":"AF1-HNN8􀀀 50-X"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.5 M KOH"},{"$f":"O60","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.7 V\nvs. ANODE","-75\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Qi et al., Scalable fabrication of high activity nanoporous copper powders for electrochemical CO2 reduction via ball milling and dealloying. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45, 101454 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hollow Al-doped CuOx spheres obtained via pyrolisis of impregnated Cu-based MOF, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_hollow","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.377 V\nvs. RHE","-626\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, X. et al. Al-doped oxide-derived copper catalyst with stable Cu+ site for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Chemical Engineering Science 299, 120415, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120415 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Hollow Al-doped CuOx spheres obtained via pyrolisis of impregnated Cu-based MOF, on GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Al"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_hollow",{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"?"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.377 V\nvs. RHE","-626\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, X. et al. Al-doped oxide-derived copper catalyst with stable Cu+ site for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Chemical Engineering Science 299, 120415, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2024.120415 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",42,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Al-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Al, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/CuOx_octahedra",{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J64","v":"?"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",42,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Al/Cu alloy layer (5% Al) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Al","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Al/Cu alloy layer (5% Al) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, Al"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Al",{"$f":"H66","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J66","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L66","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O66","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
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["Al-doped Cu-based layered double hydroxide (LDH), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Wang, X. et al. Stabilizing Cu+ species by Al-doping with enhanced *CO coverage for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07386J (2025).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Al-doped Cu-based layered double hydroxide (LDH), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Al"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al/Cu_LDH",{"$f":"H68","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L68","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",44,"Wang, X. et al. Stabilizing Cu+ species by Al-doping with enhanced *CO coverage for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07386J (2025)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/B alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",30,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/B alloy (95:5), on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H18","v":"-"},{"$f":"J18","v":"AF1-HNN8-50-X"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.25 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",30,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.45 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs mixed with PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAB-PK-75"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.45 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Porous dendritic Cu with a boron gradient (higher surface B content), on glassy carbon ","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/Cu_dendrite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-55\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhou et al., Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat Chem 10, 974-980 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Porous dendritic Cu with a boron gradient (higher surface B content), on glassy carbon "},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/Cu_dendrite",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O22","v":"?"},{"$f":"N22","v":"?"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-55\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhou et al., Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C2 hydrocarbons. Nat Chem 10, 974-980 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["Co-plated B-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rods",25,"?","CO2","-1.08 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",32,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Co-plated B-doped Cu NPs, on Cu substrate"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, O, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Graphite rods"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.08 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",32,"H. Li et al., Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes. ChemCatChem 11, 6139-6146 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-0.62 V\nvs. RHE","-167\nmA/cm2",48,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2",{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ni/Mo alloy"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.62 V\nvs. RHE","-167\nmA/cm2",48,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"?"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/Mo alloy",25,"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-115\nmA/cm2",40,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Calcined B-doped Cu(OH)2 nanorods yielding B-doped (8.2 at. %) CuOx NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs2",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni/Mo alloy"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-115\nmA/cm2",40,"K. K. Patra et al., Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of a Boron-Doped CuO Catalyst and Its Role in Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, 11343-11349 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Oxygen-vacancy rich B-doped CuO ‘nanobundles’ (nanowires + nanosheets), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",58,"Q. Wan et al., Boron-doped CuO nanobundles for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 2750-2754 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Oxygen-vacancy rich B-doped CuO ‘nanobundles’ (nanowires + nanosheets), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",58,"Q. Wan et al., Boron-doped CuO nanobundles for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 2750-2754 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","7.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",53,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"7.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"7.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"NiFe/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",53,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from B-doped (2.1 at. %) CuOx NPs (30 nm, with 2.7 nm B-enriched shell), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fragment/B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"K. Yao et al., Mechanistic Insights into OC–COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 14005-14011 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B-doped Cu2O NWs, on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",26,"Y. Yao et al., Restraining lattice oxygen of Cu2O by enhanced Cu–O hybridization for selective and stable production of ethylene with CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20914-20923 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"B-doped Cu2O NWs, on Toray GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu2O_NWs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2",26,"Y. Yao et al., Restraining lattice oxygen of Cu2O by enhanced Cu–O hybridization for selective and stable production of ethylene with CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, 20914-20923 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B-doped dendritic Cu (B gradient at surface) mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_dendrite2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V\nvs. SHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Löffelholz et al., Optimized scalable CuB catalyst with promising carbon footprint for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 3, 100035 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"B-doped dendritic Cu (B gradient at surface) mixed with PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, O, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/Cu_dendrite2",{"$f":"H38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J38","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.33 V\nvs. SHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Löffelholz et al., Optimized scalable CuB catalyst with promising carbon footprint for the electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 3, 100035 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["B-doped (0.15 at. %) CuO NSs,on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Li et al., Boron-modified CuO as catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 towards C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 647, 158919 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"B-doped (0.15 at. %) CuO NSs,on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Li et al., Boron-modified CuO as catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 towards C2+ products. Applied Surface Science 647, 158919 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",30,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Nafion 117 (?)"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",30,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped (gradient)","Cu, O, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117 (?)","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",49,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"B-doped (“5 %” > 11.9 at. % from ICP) CuOx particles (B gradient at surface), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, O, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117 (?)"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O44","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",49,"C. Yang et al., Engineering stable Cu+-Cu0 sites and oxygen defects in boron-doped copper oxide for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 484, 149710 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, B-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/Shell","Cu, C, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_B/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",68,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, B-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, C, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_B/Cu-NPs_CNT",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Sustanion\nX37-50"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"IrO2/Ti frit"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.55 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",68,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (B) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, C, N, B","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (B) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, C, N, B"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B-C3N4/Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J48","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"?"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["B-doped CuO MPs consisting of aggregated NSs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/doped","Cu, O, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx/flower-like","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",51,"Yang, Z. et al. Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 353, 128326, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128326 (2025).]",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"B-doped CuO MPs consisting of aggregated NSs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, O, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx/flower-like",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"?"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",51,"Yang, Z. et al. Coupling regulation of boron doping and morphology in nano-floral CuO using one pot method for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 353, 128326, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128326 (2025).]"]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Highly tensile strained Cu(100) NCs with boron nitride shell grown on top, mixed with CNPs and PTFE, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, B, N","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE-CNP/BN-shell_Cu_NC-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl (\"pH = 1\", according to paper)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2"," -2.75 V\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",59,"Liu, Q. et al. Highly Tensile Strained Cu(100) Surfaces by Epitaxial Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Nano Letters 24, 13741-13746, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03863 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Highly tensile strained Cu(100) NCs with boron nitride shell grown on top, mixed with CNPs and PTFE, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, B, N"},"Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PTFE-CNP/BN-shell_Cu_NC-core",{"$f":"H52","v":"3.0 M KCl (\"pH = 1\", according to paper)"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.5 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O52","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -2.75 V\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",59,"Liu, Q. et al. Highly Tensile Strained Cu(100) Surfaces by Epitaxial Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. Nano Letters 24, 13741-13746, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03863 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B/Cu alloy layer (5% B) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, B","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-B","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"B/Cu alloy layer (5% B) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, B"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-B",{"$f":"H54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J54","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O54","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.66 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["B-doped CuOX NPs (\"B0.02M\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-0.97 V\nvs. RHE","-163\nmA/cm2",32,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"B-doped CuOX NPs (\"B0.02M\"), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, B, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.97 V\nvs. RHE","-163\nmA/cm2",32,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":0},null,{"$f":"I78","v":0},{"$f":"K78","v":0},{"$f":"M78","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",70,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.69 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",70,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO","?","?",61,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","?",61,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?\n40% CO, 60% N2","CO","?","?",80,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Mg surface-doped CuOx NPs (Mg0.72Cu), on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?\n40% CO, 60% N2","CO","?","?",80,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Mg LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Mg_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-505\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Thermally annealed Cu-Mg LDH, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Mg"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Mg_LDH",{"$f":"H24","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L24","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-505\nmA/cm2",28,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg-doped CuO NSs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",46,"Li, X. et al. Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Nanoscale, doi:10.1039/D4NR02240H (2024).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Mg-doped CuO NSs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J26","v":"?"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",46,"Li, X. et al. Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Nanoscale, doi:10.1039/D4NR02240H (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg-doped CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",59,"Ji, Q. et al. Establishing Active Cu+–O–Mg2+ Sites at the Cu2O/CuO Interface for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Materials Letters, 333-342, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02319 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Mg-doped CuOx NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.07 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",59,"Ji, Q. et al. Establishing Active Cu+–O–Mg2+ Sites at the Cu2O/CuO Interface for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. ACS Materials Letters, 333-342, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c02319 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg-doped CuOX NPs containing amorphous Mg(OH)2, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.37 V\nvs. RHE","-279\nmA/cm2",35,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Mg-doped CuOX NPs containing amorphous Mg(OH)2, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"?"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.37 V\nvs. RHE","-279\nmA/cm2",35,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mg-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mg, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.72 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",39,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Mg-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Mg, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H32","v":"-"},{"$f":"J32","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.72 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",39,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Laser-prepared Cu/Zn alloy NPs (7-15 nm, 4:1 ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Laser/Zn-Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",33,"Y. Feng et al., Laser-Prepared CuZn Alloy Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544-13549 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Laser-prepared Cu/Zn alloy NPs (7-15 nm, 4:1 ratio), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Laser/Zn-Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"?"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",33,"Y. Feng et al., Laser-Prepared CuZn Alloy Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544-13549 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electrochemically cycled (e.g., oxide-derived) Cu75Zn25 alloy disk","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cycled/Zn-Cu_plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","AHO, AGC Inc.","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","?",41,"A. H. M. da Silva et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: Effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 880, 114750 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Electrochemically cycled (e.g., oxide-derived) Cu75Zn25 alloy disk"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cycled/Zn-Cu_plate",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"AHO, AGC Inc."},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","?",41,"A. H. M. da Silva et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: Effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 880, 114750 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Brass foil (62% Cu, 37% Zn, trace amounts of Fe, Pb, Sn) with Nafion/PVDF (70:30 wt%) overlayer","Alloyed/Doped, Overlayer","Cu, Zn","Nafion, PVDF","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Coated-Brass","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V\nvs. RHE","?",74,"H. Pan, T. Akter, C. J. Barile, Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Zinc and Brass with Modulated Proton Transfer Using Membrane-Modified Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 12860-12868 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Brass foil (62% Cu, 37% Zn, trace amounts of Fe, Pb, Sn) with Nafion/PVDF (70:30 wt%) overlayer"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion, PVDF","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Coated-Brass",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"-"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1  M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"?"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.89 V\nvs. RHE","?",74,"H. Pan, T. Akter, C. J. Barile, Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Zinc and Brass with Modulated Proton Transfer Using Membrane-Modified Electrodes. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 12860-12868 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Zn mixed catalyst (Cu100Zn4.9), on carbon paper - prepared via co-plating","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",40,"T. Deng et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Energy,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst (Cu100Zn4.9), on carbon paper - prepared via co-plating"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.38 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",40,"T. Deng et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition. Frontiers in Energy,  (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu83Zn17 catalyst, on Au substrate - prepared via co-plating","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",35,"J.-J. Velasco-Vélez et al., Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy. Advanced Sustainable Systems 7, 2200453 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cu83Zn17 catalyst, on Au substrate - prepared via co-plating"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/Cu-Zn2",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",35,"J.-J. Velasco-Vélez et al., Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy. Advanced Sustainable Systems 7, 2200453 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu90Zn10 alloy layer, on GDL - prepared via magnetron co-sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu90Zn10","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",44,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu90Zn10 alloy layer, on GDL - prepared via magnetron co-sputtering"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu90Zn10",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"?"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",44,"Y. Yang, H. Fu, C. Xiao, X. Du, Z. Song, Efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ hydrocarbons on Zn-doped Cu films. Applied Surface Science 646, 158866 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Semi-porous Cu3Zn-derived NPs, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Zn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-2.15 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",24,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Semi-porous Cu3Zn-derived NPs, on carbon paper - prepared by electrospinning metal salts with PVP, followed by calcination and alkaline Zn leaching step"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leached/Cu3Zn_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"?"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-2.15 V\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",24,"M. Fang et al., Aluminum-Doped Mesoporous Copper Oxide Nanofibers Enabling High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Chemistry of Materials 34, 9023-9030 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Phase-separated CuO and ZnO NPs (Cu:Zn ratio of 80:20) supported on Vulcan XC72, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-367\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Li et al., CuO/ZnO/C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-C2+ products conversion with high yield: On the effect of geometric structure and composition. Applied Catalysis A: General 606, 117829 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Phase-separated CuO and ZnO NPs (Cu:Zn ratio of 80:20) supported on Vulcan XC72, on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P32","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-367\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Li et al., CuO/ZnO/C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-C2+ products conversion with high yield: On the effect of geometric structure and composition. Applied Catalysis A: General 606, 117829 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuOx supported on ZnO , on carbon paper (TGP-H-60)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-supported/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Platinized Ti",25,1,"CO2","-2.5 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",91,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, J. Solla-Gullón, V. Montiel, A. Irabien, Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion. Journal of CO2 Utilization 31, 135-142 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"CuOx supported on ZnO , on carbon paper (TGP-H-60)"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-supported/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"-"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Platinized Ti"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},1,"CO2","-2.5 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-7.5\nmA/cm2",91,"I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, J. Solla-Gullón, V. Montiel, A. Irabien, Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion. Journal of CO2 Utilization 31, 135-142 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Nanosheet arrays containing homogeneously mixed Zn & Cu domains (Cu:Zn ratio of 24:76 via XPS), on Cu foam","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Zn/Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?",25,1,"CO2","-1.14 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",59,"X. Zhang et al., Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO2 electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 368-377 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Nanosheet arrays containing homogeneously mixed Zn & Cu domains (Cu:Zn ratio of 24:76 via XPS), on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Zn/Cu_NSs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 211"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O36","v":"?"},{"$f":"N36","v":"?"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.14 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",59,"X. Zhang et al., Regulating ethane and ethylene synthesis by proton corridor microenvironment for CO2 electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry 87, 368-377 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["ZnO NPs supported on highly porous aggregrates of CuO NSs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-on-CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",46,"Z. Yang et al., *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 332, 125870 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"ZnO NPs supported on highly porous aggregrates of CuO NSs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-on-CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"-"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",46,"Z. Yang et al., *CO spillover induced by bimetallic xZnO@yCuO active centers for enhancing C–C coupling over electrochemical CO2 reduction. Separation and Purification Technology 332, 125870 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Core/shell NPs with Cu2O shell (ca. 60 nm) and ZnO core (ca. 30 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-core/Cu2O-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",34,"S. Zhu et al., Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products. Catalysts 11, 535 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Core/shell NPs with Cu2O shell (ca. 60 nm) and ZnO core (ca. 30 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-core/Cu2O-shell",{"$f":"H40","v":"1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1 M KHCO3 (\"1 M KOH saturated with CO2\")"},{"$f":"O40","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-33\nmA/cm2",34,"S. Zhu et al., Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products. Catalysts 11, 535 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NP layer (1 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (0.2 mg/cm2), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. Journal of Catalysis 387, 163-169 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu NP layer (1 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (0.2 mg/cm2), on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-over-Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"\"Membrane\""},{"$f":"L42","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"?"},{"$f":"N42","v":"?"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.73 V\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. Journal of Catalysis 387, 163-169 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"?"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Zn, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.15 V\nvs. ANODE","-652\nmA/cm2",46,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with ZnO overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"-"},{"$f":"J44","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.05 M KOH"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Ni/FE LDH Ni foam"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.15 V\nvs. ANODE","-652\nmA/cm2",46,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Zn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Zn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",22,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Zn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Zn/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",22,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CNP and graphite layers on top of reduced CuZnO alloy catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZn_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",17,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"CNP and graphite layers on top of reduced CuZnO alloy catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Zn, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZn_NPs",{"$f":"H48","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J48","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L48","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O48","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-210\nmA/cm2",17,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Dual-single atom Cu/Zn (3:1 ratio) deposited on N-functionalized amorphous/graphitic carbon, on Toray carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Dong et al., Manipulating electrochemical CO2 reduction pathway by engineering energy level of Cu/Zn dual-metal single atom catalysts. Applied Surface Science 660, 159956 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Dual-single atom Cu/Zn (3:1 ratio) deposited on N-functionalized amorphous/graphitic carbon, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Zn, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Dong et al., Manipulating electrochemical CO2 reduction pathway by engineering energy level of Cu/Zn dual-metal single atom catalysts. Applied Surface Science 660, 159956 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Zn-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",30,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu NWs decorated with Zn-TMC, on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J52","v":"?"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",30,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Zn mixed catalyst co-electroplated from single plating bath, directly onto a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Zn/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M K2CO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,"X. Meng et al., Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts prepared by facial potential steps electrodeposition favoring Zn deposition and grain boundary formation for efficient CO2ER to ethylene. Fuel 369, 131775 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Cu/Zn mixed catalyst co-electroplated from single plating bath, directly onto a GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/Zn/Cu",{"$f":"H54","v":"2.0 M KCl + 0.01 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M K2CO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.36 V\nvs. RHE","-79\nmA/cm2",40,"X. Meng et al., Cu/Zn bimetallic catalysts prepared by facial potential steps electrodeposition favoring Zn deposition and grain boundary formation for efficient CO2ER to ethylene. Fuel 369, 131775 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",64,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx",{"$f":"H56","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J56","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",64,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","0.75 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",73,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Highly porous Zn/Cu layer (10 at. % Zn) generated through partially leaching of co-sputtered Zn/Cu layer on PTFE substrate"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx",{"$f":"H58","v":"0.75 M KOH"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.75 M KOH"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P58","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",73,"J. Zhang et al., Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications 14, 1298 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Chemically dezincified (through NaOH+(NH4)2S2O8 treatment) Zn-doped CuOx NWs, prepared from co-plated Zn/Cu alloy on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Zhang et al., Chemically dezincified copper nanowires catalysts with competitive selectivity for ethylene production by carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Ionics 28, 4817-4824 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Chemically dezincified (through NaOH+(NH4)2S2O8 treatment) Zn-doped CuOx NWs, prepared from co-plated Zn/Cu alloy on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Zn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Leach-Zn/CuOx_NWs",{"$f":"H60","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")"},{"$f":"J60","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L60","v":"1.0 M KHCO3 (\"1.0 M KOH saturated with CO2\")"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Zhang et al., Chemically dezincified copper nanowires catalysts with competitive selectivity for ethylene production by carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Ionics 28, 4817-4824 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs (3 nm) supported on Zn-based MOF (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.62 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",41,"Zhang, Y. et al. Lowering *CO Affinity over Cu Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multicarbon Products at High Current Density. CCS Chemistry 6, 2950-2960, doi:doi:10.31635/ccschem.024.202404245 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Cu NPs (3 nm) supported on Zn-based MOF (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8), on GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J62","v":"?"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.62 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",41,"Zhang, Y. et al. Lowering *CO Affinity over Cu Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Multicarbon Products at High Current Density. CCS Chemistry 6, 2950-2960, doi:doi:10.31635/ccschem.024.202404245 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"?"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Lattice-strained, Zn-doped CuO NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",61,"Wu, X. et al. Modification of the CuO electronic structure for enhanced selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 17, 7194-7202, doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6708-0 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Lattice-strained, Zn-doped CuO NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.95 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",61,"Wu, X. et al. Modification of the CuO electronic structure for enhanced selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 17, 7194-7202, doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6708-0 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NWS decorated with a Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8), on carbon paper","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",41,"Sun, B. et al. Highly-exposed copper and ZIF-8 interface enables synthesis of hydrocarbons by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 831-839, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.205 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Cu NWS decorated with a Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn-MOF/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",41,"Sun, B. et al. Highly-exposed copper and ZIF-8 interface enables synthesis of hydrocarbons by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 831-839, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.205 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Zn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx",{"$f":"H68","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J68","v":"\"anionic membrane\""},{"$f":"L68","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O68","v":"?"},{"$f":"N68","v":"?"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",45,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), mixed with carbon, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","\"proton exchange membrane\"","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",40,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Zn-doped (\"5%\") CuOx NPs prepared via pyrolysis of Zn-impreganted Cu-based MOF (HKUST-1), mixed with carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, Zn, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx/CNPs",{"$f":"H70","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"J70","v":"\"proton exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",40,"Suliman, M. H., Al Naji, H. & Usman, M. Zn-Cu bimetallic gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Electrochimica Acta 500, 144723, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144723 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Zn-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",52,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Zn-doped (\"5%\") octahedral Cu2O NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/CuOx_octahedra",{"$f":"H72","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J72","v":"?"},{"$f":"L72","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-338\nmA/cm2",52,"Jia, Y. et al. Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Advanced Science 10, 2303726, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303726 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Zn/Cu alloy NRs (3 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn3/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-3.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (3 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn3/Cu_NRs",{"$f":"H74","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J74","v":"Selemion AMVN"},{"$f":"L74","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},"?","CO","-3.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Zn/Cu alloy NRs (5 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn5/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","? CO:Ar = 1:2","CO","?","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283.",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"Zn/Cu alloy NRs (5 at.% Zn) prepared from oxide precursor, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn5/Cu_NRs",{"$f":"H76","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J76","v":"Selemion AMVN"},{"$f":"L76","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"? CO:Ar = 1:2","CO","?","-500\nmA/cm2",49,"Wu, Z. et al. Boosting C2+ Alcohols Selectivity and Activity in High-Current CO Electroreduction using Synergistic Cu/Zn Co-Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202420283, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202420283."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu2O NCs decorated with Zn (\"4%\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"Rüscher, M. et al. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper–zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, 3028-3043, doi:10.1039/D2CY00227B (2022).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Cu2O NCs decorated with Zn (\"4%\"), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, Zn, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H78","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L78","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"Rüscher, M. et al. Tracking heterogeneous structural motifs and the redox behaviour of copper–zinc nanocatalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using operando time resolved spectroscopy and machine learning. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, 3028-3043, doi:10.1039/D2CY00227B (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A80","v":0},{"$f":"C80","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H80","v":0},{"$f":"J80","v":0},{"$f":"L80","v":0},{"$f":"O80","v":0},{"$f":"N80","v":0},{"$f":"P80","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":0},null,{"$f":"I80","v":0},{"$f":"K80","v":0},{"$f":"M80","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A82","v":0},{"$f":"C82","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H82","v":0},{"$f":"J82","v":0},{"$f":"L82","v":0},{"$f":"O82","v":0},{"$f":"N82","v":0},{"$f":"P82","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":0},null,{"$f":"I82","v":0},{"$f":"K82","v":0},{"$f":"M82","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A84","v":0},{"$f":"C84","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H84","v":0},{"$f":"J84","v":0},{"$f":"L84","v":0},{"$f":"O84","v":0},{"$f":"N84","v":0},{"$f":"P84","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":0},null,{"$f":"I84","v":0},{"$f":"K84","v":0},{"$f":"M84","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A86","v":0},{"$f":"C86","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H86","v":0},{"$f":"J86","v":0},{"$f":"L86","v":0},{"$f":"O86","v":0},{"$f":"N86","v":0},{"$f":"P86","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":0},null,{"$f":"I86","v":0},{"$f":"K86","v":0},{"$f":"M86","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A88","v":0},{"$f":"C88","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H88","v":0},{"$f":"J88","v":0},{"$f":"L88","v":0},{"$f":"O88","v":0},{"$f":"N88","v":0},{"$f":"P88","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":0},null,{"$f":"I88","v":0},{"$f":"K88","v":0},{"$f":"M88","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A90","v":0},{"$f":"C90","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H90","v":0},{"$f":"J90","v":0},{"$f":"L90","v":0},{"$f":"O90","v":0},{"$f":"N90","v":0},{"$f":"P90","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":0},null,{"$f":"I90","v":0},{"$f":"K90","v":0},{"$f":"M90","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A92","v":0},{"$f":"C92","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H92","v":0},{"$f":"J92","v":0},{"$f":"L92","v":0},{"$f":"O92","v":0},{"$f":"N92","v":0},{"$f":"P92","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":0},null,{"$f":"I92","v":0},{"$f":"K92","v":0},{"$f":"M92","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A94","v":0},{"$f":"C94","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H94","v":0},{"$f":"J94","v":0},{"$f":"L94","v":0},{"$f":"O94","v":0},{"$f":"N94","v":0},{"$f":"P94","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":0},null,{"$f":"I94","v":0},{"$f":"K94","v":0},{"$f":"M94","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A96","v":0},{"$f":"C96","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H96","v":0},{"$f":"J96","v":0},{"$f":"L96","v":0},{"$f":"O96","v":0},{"$f":"N96","v":0},{"$f":"P96","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":0},null,{"$f":"I96","v":0},{"$f":"K96","v":0},{"$f":"M96","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A98","v":0},{"$f":"C98","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H98","v":0},{"$f":"J98","v":0},{"$f":"L98","v":0},{"$f":"O98","v":0},{"$f":"N98","v":0},{"$f":"P98","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":0},null,{"$f":"I98","v":0},{"$f":"K98","v":0},{"$f":"M98","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A100","v":0},{"$f":"C100","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H100","v":0},{"$f":"J100","v":0},{"$f":"L100","v":0},{"$f":"O100","v":0},{"$f":"N100","v":0},{"$f":"P100","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":0},null,{"$f":"I100","v":0},{"$f":"K100","v":0},{"$f":"M100","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A102","v":0},{"$f":"C102","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H102","v":0},{"$f":"J102","v":0},{"$f":"L102","v":0},{"$f":"O102","v":0},{"$f":"N102","v":0},{"$f":"P102","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":0},null,{"$f":"I102","v":0},{"$f":"K102","v":0},{"$f":"M102","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A104","v":0},{"$f":"C104","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H104","v":0},{"$f":"J104","v":0},{"$f":"L104","v":0},{"$f":"O104","v":0},{"$f":"N104","v":0},{"$f":"P104","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":0},null,{"$f":"I104","v":0},{"$f":"K104","v":0},{"$f":"M104","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A106","v":0},{"$f":"C106","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H106","v":0},{"$f":"J106","v":0},{"$f":"L106","v":0},{"$f":"O106","v":0},{"$f":"N106","v":0},{"$f":"P106","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":0},null,{"$f":"I106","v":0},{"$f":"K106","v":0},{"$f":"M106","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A108","v":0},{"$f":"C108","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H108","v":0},{"$f":"J108","v":0},{"$f":"L108","v":0},{"$f":"O108","v":0},{"$f":"N108","v":0},{"$f":"P108","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":0},null,{"$f":"I108","v":0},{"$f":"K108","v":0},{"$f":"M108","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A110","v":0},{"$f":"C110","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H110","v":0},{"$f":"J110","v":0},{"$f":"L110","v":0},{"$f":"O110","v":0},{"$f":"N110","v":0},{"$f":"P110","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":0},null,{"$f":"I110","v":0},{"$f":"K110","v":0},{"$f":"M110","v":0},0]

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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Sn-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sn/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Sn-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Sn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sn/CuOx_NRs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","?","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-plated Cu and Sn from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-226\nmA/cm2",57,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Co-plated Cu and Sn from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Sn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_co-plate",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"-"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-226\nmA/cm2",57,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Sn-doped CuO nanosheets (0.65%, 130 C), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/CuOx_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Jiang et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuO by synergistically tuning oxygen vacancies and metal doping. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100356 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Sn-doped CuO nanosheets (0.65%, 130 C), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Sn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",49,"Y. Jiang et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuO by synergistically tuning oxygen vacancies and metal doping. Cell Reports Physical Science 2, 100356 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Sn alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",16,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Sn alloy (95:5), on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Sn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H24","v":"-"},{"$f":"J24","v":"AF1-HNN8-50-X"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.25 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",16,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Sn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",19,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Sn1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Sn"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Sn/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.74 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",19,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SnO2-decorated (3 %) CuO nanosheets, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Sn, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",24,"Y. Lan, G. Niu, F. Wang, D. Cui, Z. Hu, SnO2-Modified Two-Dimensional CuO for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, 36128-36136 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"SnO2-decorated (3 %) CuO nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Sn, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnO2/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",24,"Y. Lan, G. Niu, F. Wang, D. Cui, Z. Hu, SnO2-Modified Two-Dimensional CuO for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, 36128-36136 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs in an ionic liquid polymer impregnated with SnCl2 (1 mol% vs. Cu), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sn, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnCl2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","80% CO,\n20% N2","CO","?","-250\nmA/cm2",23,"Y.-R. Du et al., Sn-based redox cycle mediated microenvironment regulation of Cu sites on poly(ionic liquid) enhance electrocatalytic CO-to-C2+ conversion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 337, 122969 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Cu NPs in an ionic liquid polymer impregnated with SnCl2 (1 mol% vs. Cu), on GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Sn, O"},"Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SnCl2/IL/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"80% CO,\n20% N2","CO","?","-250\nmA/cm2",23,"Y.-R. Du et al., Sn-based redox cycle mediated microenvironment regulation of Cu sites on poly(ionic liquid) enhance electrocatalytic CO-to-C2+ conversion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 337, 122969 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Sn alloy NPs (3 % Sn) mixed with Vulcan Carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sn","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37–50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","?",24,"Dauda, M. et al. Activity and Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at CuSnx Electrocatalysts Using a Zero-Gap Membrane Electrode Assembly. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, 084503, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6fd7 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu/Sn alloy NPs (3 % Sn) mixed with Vulcan Carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Sn"},"Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sn/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"-"},{"$f":"J32","v":"X37–50 Grade RT"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"IrO2/Ti felt"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","?",24,"Dauda, M. et al. Activity and Selectivity in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at CuSnx Electrocatalysts Using a Zero-Gap Membrane Electrode Assembly. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, 084503, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad6fd7 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
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["†_Cu-Pd,1Report the value given in main text, as opposed to SI table (45 vs. 44%)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Pd1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Pd1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Pd/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.66 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu1Pd0.004 NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-581\nmA/cm2",44,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu1Pd0.004 NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-581\nmA/cm2",44,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.383 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-0.5%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.74 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",31,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"CuPd NPs (1:0.383 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-0.5%/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni/Fe on Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.74 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",31,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrO2/Ti foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO","?","-700\nmA/cm2",35,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"CuPd NPs (1:0.576 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-1%/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ni/Fe on Ni foam"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","-700\nmA/cm2",35,"X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Co-electroplated Cu/Pd foam (6.83:1 at. ratio), on carbon paper ","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",45,"R. Feng et al., Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 7560-7565 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Co-electroplated Cu/Pd foam (6.83:1 at. ratio), on carbon paper "},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-plate/CuPd",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",45,"R. Feng et al., Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 7560-7565 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Disordered Cu/Pd NPs (1.1:1 atomic ratio), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130,","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDE","?","?","CO","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Disordered Cu/Pd NPs (1.1:1 atomic ratio), on GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Disordered_Pd/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAB-PK-130,"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"IrO2/GDE"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.54 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Ji et al., Selective CO-to-acetate electroreduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu–Pd sites. Nature Catalysis 5, 251-258 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pd surface doped (0.002 at. %) CuN3 NCs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuN3_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",35,"Z. Zhang et al., Charge-Separated Pdδ−–Cuδ+ Atom Pairs Promote CO2 Reduction to C2. Nano Letters 23, 2312-2320 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Pd surface doped (0.002 at. %) CuN3 NCs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Pd, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuN3_NCs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"X37-50 grade 60"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",35,"Z. Zhang et al., Charge-Separated Pdδ−–Cuδ+ Atom Pairs Promote CO2 Reduction to C2. Nano Letters 23, 2312-2320 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Dilute Cu/Pd alloy (1.4 at. % Pd) prepared via co-electrodeposition, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/CuPd","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",76,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Dilute Cu/Pd alloy (1.4 at. % Pd) prepared via co-electrodeposition, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-plate/CuPd",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J34","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",76,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4. Rare Metals,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pd doped Cu2O NCs (0.88 at. % Pd), on Toray YLS-30T GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",54,"D. Zhou et al., Cooperation of Different Active Sites to Promote CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products at Ampere-Level. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202400439.",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Pd doped Cu2O NCs (0.88 at. % Pd), on Toray YLS-30T GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J36","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.87 V\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",54,"D. Zhou et al., Cooperation of Different Active Sites to Promote CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products at Ampere-Level. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202400439."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (51.3:48.7 at. ratio), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phase-Sep_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumatech\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO2","-0.74 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-361\nmA/cm2",47,"S. Ma et al., Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, 47-50 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (51.3:48.7 at. ratio), on GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phase-Sep_Pd/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J38","v":"\"Fumatech\""},{"$f":"L38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O38","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-0.74 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-361\nmA/cm2",47,"S. Ma et al., Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, 47-50 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Janus catalyst composed of Cu decahedra NPs grown on Pd seed (46.2:1 at. ratio Cu/Pd), supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Janus-Pd/Cu_decahedra","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Lyu et al., Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 149-162 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Janus catalyst composed of Cu decahedra NPs grown on Pd seed (46.2:1 at. ratio Cu/Pd), supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Pd, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Janus-Pd/Cu_decahedra",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-30\nmA/cm2",34,"Z. Lyu et al., Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 149-162 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"CuPd(100) interface catalyst\" prepared starting from Pd NPs, supported on Kochin black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd(100)/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",29,"L. Zhu et al., Tuning the intermediate reaction barriers by a CuPd catalyst to improve the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, 1500-1508 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"\"CuPd(100) interface catalyst\" prepared starting from Pd NPs, supported on Kochin black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Pd, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd(100)/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J42","v":"-"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O42","v":"?"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",29,"L. Zhu et al., Tuning the intermediate reaction barriers by a CuPd catalyst to improve the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 42, 1500-1508 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pd NP-decorated (50 nm) cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",64,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Pd NP-decorated (50 nm) cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Pd, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",64,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (98:2 wt. ratio) deposited via electroplating on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plated_Pd/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"C. Zhu et al., Cu–Pd Bimetallic Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small Structures 4, 2200328 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Phase-separated Cu/Pd NPs (98:2 wt. ratio) deposited via electroplating on GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plated_Pd/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"C. Zhu et al., Cu–Pd Bimetallic Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small Structures 4, 2200328 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NPs mixed with (in-situ formed) PdO2 NPs ‘dissolved’/dispersed in an IL polymer layer, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, O","Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdO2/IL/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",27,"X.-Q. Li, G.-Y. Duan, X.-X. Yang, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-electron reduction products using poly(ionic liquid)-based Cu-Pd catalyst. Fundamental Research 2, 937-945 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Cu NPs mixed with (in-situ formed) PdO2 NPs ‘dissolved’/dispersed in an IL polymer layer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Polymeric ionic liquid crosslinked with divinylbenzene","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdO2/IL/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H48","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J48","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L48","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",27,"X.-Q. Li, G.-Y. Duan, X.-X. Yang, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to multi-electron reduction products using poly(ionic liquid)-based Cu-Pd catalyst. Fundamental Research 2, 937-945 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O NPs (6 at. % Pd (?)), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-2.18 V\nvs. RHE","-615\nmA/cm2","45†_Cu-Pd,1","B. Wang, L. Song, C. Peng, X. Lv, G. Zheng, Pd-induced polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion in acidic medium. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 671, 184-191 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O NPs (6 at. % Pd (?)), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":25},1,"CO2","-2.18 V\nvs. RHE","-615\nmA/cm2","45†_Cu-Pd,1","B. Wang, L. Song, C. Peng, X. Lv, G. Zheng, Pd-induced polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic CO2-to-C2+ conversion in acidic medium. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 671, 184-191 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd NPs (20 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd NPs (20 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Pd, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-NP/Cu2O_cubes",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pd NCs (ca. 20 nm) with a 'thick' (15 nm) Cu shell, ","Core/shell","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-shell/Pd_NC-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",35,"Liu, S. et al. Epitaxial Growth of Atomic-Layer Cu on Pd Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Chemistry of Materials, doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02541 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Pd NCs (ca. 20 nm) with a 'thick' (15 nm) Cu shell, "},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-shell/Pd_NC-core",{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"-"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",35,"Liu, S. et al. Epitaxial Growth of Atomic-Layer Cu on Pd Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Chemistry of Materials, doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c02541 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultralow (single atom, 0.36 wt%) surface Pd-doped Cu NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-SAA/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",61,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Ultralow (single atom, 0.36 wt%) surface Pd-doped Cu NCs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd-SAA/Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H56","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J56","v":"\"Sustanion\""},{"$f":"L56","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-184\nmA/cm2",61,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Surface Pd-doped (\"6.2%\") Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu-PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",60,"Xie, Y. et al. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nature Catalysis 5, 564-570, doi:10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Surface Pd-doped (\"6.2%\") Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu-PTFE",{"$f":"H58","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 2)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.5 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2",60,"Xie, Y. et al. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nature Catalysis 5, 564-570, doi:10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pd-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Pd-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Cu_sputter",{"$f":"H60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J60","v":"?"},{"$f":"L60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.90 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",56,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs",{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J62","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.90 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",56,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",35,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640.",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Ultrasmal PdOx NPs supported on Cu2O MPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PdOx/Cu2O_MPs",{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J64","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",35,"Chu, Y.-C. et al. Dynamic (Sub)surface-Oxygen Enables Highly Efficient Carbonyl-Coupling for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2400640, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400640."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pd/Cu alloy layer (5% Pd) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Pd","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Pd","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Pd/Cu alloy layer (5% Pd) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, Pd"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Pd",{"$f":"H66","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J66","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L66","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O66","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuOx NPs coated with an ultrathin Pd shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Pd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-shell/CuOx_NP-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"Du, X. et al. Ultrathin Palladium-loaded Cuprous oxide stabilises Copper(I) to facilitate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 685, 537-545, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.132 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"CuOx NPs coated with an ultrathin Pd shell, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Pd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd-shell/CuOx_NP-core",{"$f":"H68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",40,"Du, X. et al. Ultrathin Palladium-loaded Cuprous oxide stabilises Copper(I) to facilitate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 685, 537-545, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.01.132 (2025)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Pb-doped (3.4 wt%) Cu2O nanosheets, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu2O_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",33,"X. Ma et al., Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Green Chemistry 25, 7635-7641 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Pb-doped (3.4 wt%) Cu2O nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Pb, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu2O_NSs",{"$f":"H18","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",33,"X. Ma et al., Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Green Chemistry 25, 7635-7641 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Alloyed Pb/Cu NPs (Cu:Pb ratio of 0.2%, possibly phase-separated) mixed with CNPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pb","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO","-2.4 V\nvs. SCE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"M. Schwartz, M. E. Vercauteren, A. F. Sammells, Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, 3119 (1994).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Alloyed Pb/Cu NPs (Cu:Pb ratio of 0.2%, possibly phase-separated) mixed with CNPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Pb"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pb/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},"?","CO","-2.4 V\nvs. SCE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"M. Schwartz, M. E. Vercauteren, A. F. Sammells, Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141, 3119 (1994)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NCs with 0.7 nm Pb shell, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Pb, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pb-shell/Cu_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",40,"P. Wang et al., Synergized Cu/Pb Core/Shell Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency CO2 Reduction to C2+ Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 1039-1047 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Cu NCs with 0.7 nm Pb shell, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Pb, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pb-shell/Cu_NC",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",40,"P. Wang et al., Synergized Cu/Pb Core/Shell Electrocatalyst for High-Efficiency CO2 Reduction to C2+ Liquids. ACS Nano 15, 1039-1047 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Phase-seggregated Cu/Pb bimetallic catalyst individually electroplated on polyaniline-modified carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, Single atom","Cu, Pb, C","Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polyaniline/Pb-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",57,"S. Han et al., CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu-Pb Heterojunction Catalyst. ChemCatChem n/a, e202300918.",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Phase-seggregated Cu/Pb bimetallic catalyst individually electroplated on polyaniline-modified carbon paper"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Pb, C"},"Polyaniline","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Polyaniline/Pb-Cu",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O24","v":"?"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-16\nmA/cm2",57,"S. Han et al., CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu-Pb Heterojunction Catalyst. ChemCatChem n/a, e202300918."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":0},null,{"$f":"I78","v":0},{"$f":"K78","v":0},{"$f":"M78","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A80","v":0},{"$f":"C80","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H80","v":0},{"$f":"J80","v":0},{"$f":"L80","v":0},{"$f":"O80","v":0},{"$f":"N80","v":0},{"$f":"P80","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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["†_Cu-Ni,1Main text states 57.3, SI states 57.8. Rounded down to 57","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Ni1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ni/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9Ni1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ni/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Ni-N/C , on glassy carbon","Tandem catalyst, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ni_C,N","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.09 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",31,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu NPs supported on Ni-N/C , on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ni_C,N",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.09 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",31,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni-N/C layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-593\nmA/cm2",62,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Ni-N/C layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL "},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-593\nmA/cm2",62,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CU NPs supported on Ni-SAC layer, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2","57†_Cu-Ni,1","D.-L. Meng et al., Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel–Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 25485-25492 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"CU NPs supported on Ni-SAC layer, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2","57†_Cu-Ni,1","D.-L. Meng et al., Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel–Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 25485-25492 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Ni-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-49\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Ni-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-TMC/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-49\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NCs supported on Ni/C,N catalyst, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx",25,"?","CO2","-0.60 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-127\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-R. Lin et al., Vapor-Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel-Coordinated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113252 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"CuOx NCs supported on Ni/C,N catalyst, on GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni_C,N/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"IrOx"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.60 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-127\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-R. Lin et al., Vapor-Fed Electrolyzers for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Tandem Electrocatalysts: Cuprous Oxide Coupled with Nickel-Coordinated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113252 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","10 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V\nvs. RHE","-101\nmA/cm2",66,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H30","v":"10 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"-"},{"$f":"L30","v":"10 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.5 V\nvs. RHE","-101\nmA/cm2",66,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-78\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"{100}-facet rich Cu NWs mixed with Ni-SAC and CNPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-78\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Yin et al., Hybrid Catalyst Coupling Single-Atom Ni and Nanoscale Cu for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 20931-20938 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on Ni-SAC, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1500\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"CuO NPs supported on Ni-SAC, on GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Sustainion X37 50"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.89 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1500\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ni-SAC layer on top of sputtered Cu layer, on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion (?)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",63,"J. Chen et al., Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202215406 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Ni-SAC layer on top of sputtered Cu layer, on GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"Nafion (?)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_sputter",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J36","v":"?"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni foil"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",63,"J. Chen et al., Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics-boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202215406 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"?"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs encapsulated in mesoporous Ni-SAC functionalized carbon, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-C/Ni/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-406\nmA/cm2",72,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029.",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu NPs encapsulated in mesoporous Ni-SAC functionalized carbon, on GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Meso-C/Ni/Cu",{"$f":"H38","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"\"Fuel Cell Store\""},{"$f":"L38","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-406\nmA/cm2",72,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Ni-SAC mixed with PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.33 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Cu NPs supported on Ni-SAC mixed with PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC+PTFE/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Selemion DSVN"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.33 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NPs mixed with Ni-SAC, on homemade GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam/plate",25,"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-308\nmA/cm2",61,"L. Li et al., Hydrophobicity graded gas diffusion electrode with enhanced CO intermediate coverage for high-performance electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 331, 122597 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu NPs mixed with Ni-SAC, on homemade GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Ni, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"FAB-PK-\n130"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni foam/plate"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-308\nmA/cm2",61,"L. Li et al., Hydrophobicity graded gas diffusion electrode with enhanced CO intermediate coverage for high-performance electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 331, 122597 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Air-oxidized Cu/Ni alloy NPs (19% Ni), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alloy/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",25,"T. M. Suzuki et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nanoparticles derived from an oxidized Cu–Ni intermetallic alloy. Chemical Communications 56, 15008-15011 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Air-oxidized Cu/Ni alloy NPs (19% Ni), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Alloy/Cu-Ni_NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J44","v":"-"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",25,"T. M. Suzuki et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction over nanoparticles derived from an oxidized Cu–Ni intermetallic alloy. Chemical Communications 56, 15008-15011 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Ni alloy NPs (7% Ni), co-sputtered on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ni_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion 37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",41,"H. Song, Y. C. Tan, B. Kim, S. Ringe, J. Oh, Tunable Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Well-Mixed Ni–Cu Alloys. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 55272-55280 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu/Ni alloy NPs (7% Ni), co-sputtered on GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ni_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Sustainion 37-50"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"NiFeCuMo foil"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",41,"H. Song, Y. C. Tan, B. Kim, S. Ringe, J. Oh, Tunable Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Well-Mixed Ni–Cu Alloys. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 55272-55280 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrathin (ca. 4.8 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuNi nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on Ti mesh","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ni_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-470\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Ultrathin CuNi Nanosheets for CO2 Reduction and O2 Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells. ACS Materials Letters 3, 1143-1150 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Ultrathin (ca. 4.8 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuNi nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on Ti mesh"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Ni"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ni_NSs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J48","v":"?"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-470\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Ultrathin CuNi Nanosheets for CO2 Reduction and O2 Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells. ACS Materials Letters 3, 1143-1150 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"?"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni clusters deposited through galvanic displacement on CuS-derived roughened Cu foam","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni_NP/Cu-foam","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion\n37–50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",22,"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-268\nmA/cm2",32,"X. Zhang et al., Atomic nickel cluster decorated defect-rich copper for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291, 120030 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Ni clusters deposited through galvanic displacement on CuS-derived roughened Cu foam"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni_NP/Cu-foam",{"$f":"H50","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Sustainion\n37–50"},{"$f":"L50","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":22},"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-268\nmA/cm2",32,"X. Zhang et al., Atomic nickel cluster decorated defect-rich copper for enhanced C2 product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291, 120030 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-doped Ni MOF mixed with MWCNTs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ni, C, O","PiperION-A5","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/Ni_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","PiperION-A40","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-527\nmA/cm2",53,"L. Huang et al., Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni–Cu Hybrid Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26444-26451 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu-doped Ni MOF mixed with MWCNTs and PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Ni, C, O"},"PiperION-A5","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/Ni_MOF",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J52","v":"PiperION-A40"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P52","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-527\nmA/cm2",53,"L. Huang et al., Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni–Cu Hybrid Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26444-26451 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ni-doped Cu2(OH)3Cl pre-cursor reduced in-situ to form β nickel-oxide hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cu active phase, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","β-(NiOOH)/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Mao et al., Sustainedly High-Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2400827.",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Ni-doped Cu2(OH)3Cl pre-cursor reduced in-situ to form β nickel-oxide hydroxide (NiOOH)/Cu active phase, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Ni, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","β-(NiOOH)/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J54","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.25 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Mao et al., Sustainedly High-Rate Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products on Nickel Oxygenate/Copper Interfacial Catalysts. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2400827."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Ni-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Cu NWs decorated with Ni-TMC, on GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Ni"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni-doped (1.2 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-65\nmA/cm2",58,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Ni-doped (1.2 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Ni, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ni/Cu2O_NWs",{"$f":"H58","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-65\nmA/cm2",58,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni electroplated on Cu NW array-modified GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, overlayer","Cu, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/CuO_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","3PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-432\nmA/cm2",59,"Xu, K. et al. Nanowire arrays with abundant Cu–Ni interfaces for electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chemical Engineering Journal 498, 155831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155831 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Ni electroplated on Cu NW array-modified GDL"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/CuO_NWs",{"$f":"H60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J60","v":"3PK-130"},{"$f":"L60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O60","v":"IrO2 mesh"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-432\nmA/cm2",59,"Xu, K. et al. Nanowire arrays with abundant Cu–Ni interfaces for electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene. Chemical Engineering Journal 498, 155831, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155831 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni-based SAC mixed with Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",35,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Ni-based SAC mixed with Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni-SAC/Cu2O_octahedra",{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J62","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O62","v":"NiFeCuMo plate"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",35,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ni-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Ni, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Ni-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Ni, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ni/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H64","v":"-"},{"$f":"J64","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O64","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.4 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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58,38],[57,19,58,19],[57,20,58,20],[57,21,58,21],[57,23,58,23],[57,24,58,24],[57,25,58,25],[57,13,58,13],[57,14,58,14],[59,15,60,15],[59,16,60,16],[59,17,60,17],[59,18,60,18],[59,7,60,7],[59,8,60,8],[59,9,60,9],[59,10,60,10],[59,11,60,11],[59,12,60,12],[59,39,60,39],[60,26,60,27],[60,31,60,32],[61,0,62,0],[61,1,62,1],[61,2,62,2],[61,3,62,3],[61,4,62,4],[61,5,62,5],[61,6,62,6],[59,33,60,33],[59,34,60,34],[59,35,60,35],[59,36,60,36],[59,37,60,37],[59,38,60,38],[59,19,60,19],[59,20,60,20],[59,21,60,21],[59,23,60,23],[59,24,60,24],[59,25,60,25],[59,13,60,13],[59,14,60,14],[61,15,62,15],[61,16,62,16],[61,17,62,17],[61,18,62,18],[61,7,62,7],[61,8,62,8],[61,9,62,9],[61,10,62,10],[61,11,62,11],[61,12,62,12],[61,39,62,39],[62,26,62,27],[62,31,62,32],[63,0,64,0],[63,1,64,1],[63,2,64,2],[63,3,64,3],[63,4,64,4],[63,5,64,5],[63,6,64,6],[61,33,62,33],[61,34,62,34],[61,35,62,35],[61,36,62,36],[61,37,62,37],[61,38,62,38],[61,19,62,19],[61,20,62,20],[61,21,62,21],[61,23,62,23],[61,24,62,24],[61,25,62,25],[61,13,62,13],[61,14,62,14],[63,15,64,15],[63,16,64,16],[63,17,64,17],[63,18,64,18],[63,7,64,7],[63,8,64,8],[63,9,64,9],[63,10,64,10],[63,11,64,11],[63,12,64,12],[63,39,64,39],[64,26,64,27],[64,31,64,32],[65,0,66,0],[65,1,66,1],[65,2,66,2],[65,3,66,3],[65,4,66,4],[65,5,66,5],[65,6,66,6],[63,33,64,33],[63,34,64,34],[63,35,64,35],[63,36,64,36],[63,37,64,37],[63,38,64,38],[63,19,64,19],[63,20,64,20],[63,21,64,21],[63,23,64,23],[63,24,64,24],[63,25,64,25],[63,13,64,13],[63,14,64,14],[65,15,66,15],[65,16,66,16],[65,17,66,17],[65,18,66,18],[65,7,66,7],[65,8,66,8],[65,9,66,9],[65,10,66,10],[65,11,66,11],[65,12,66,12],[65,39,66,39],[66,26,66,27],[66,31,66,32],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,68,1],[67,2,68,2],[67,3,68,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,68,5],[67,6,68,6],[65,33,66,33],[65,34,66,34],[65,35,66,35],[65,36,66,36],[65,37,66,37],[65,38,66,38],[65,19,66,19],[65,20,66,20],[65,21,66,21],[65,23,66,23],[65,24,66,24],[65,25,66,25],[65,13,66,13],[65,14,66,14],[69,0,70,0],[69,1,70,1],[69,2,70,2],[69,3,70,3],[69,4,70,4],[69,5,70,5],[69,6,70,6],[67,33,68,33],[67,34,68,34],[67,19,68,19],[67,20,68,20],[67,21,68,21],[67,23,68,23],[67,24,68,24],[67,25,68,25],[67,13,68,13],[67,14,68,14],[67,15,68,15],[67,16,68,16],[67,17,68,17],[67,18,68,18],[67,7,68,7],[67,8,68,8],[67,9,68,9],[69,7,70,7],[69,8,70,8],[69,9,70,9],[69,10,70,10],[69,11,70,11],[69,12,70,12],[67,39,68,39],[68,26,68,27],[68,31,68,32],[67,35,68,35],[67,36,68,36],[67,37,68,37],[67,38,68,38],[67,10,68,10],[67,11,68,11],[67,12,68,12],[69,19,70,19],[69,20,70,20],[69,21,70,21],[69,23,70,23],[69,24,70,24],[69,25,70,25],[69,13,70,13],[69,14,70,14],[69,15,70,15],[69,16,70,16],[69,17,70,17],[69,18,70,18],[69,39,70,39],[70,26,70,27],[70,31,70,32],[69,33,70,33],[69,34,70,34],[69,35,70,35],[69,36,70,36],[69,37,70,37],[69,38,70,38]]}
[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Co-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Co-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Co, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-39\nmA/cm2",32,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrathin (ca. 46.3 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuCo nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Co_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Atomic-thin hexagonal CuCo nanocrystals with d-band tuning for CO2 reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 7496-7502 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Ultrathin (ca. 46.3 nm) alloyed hexagonal CuCo nanosheets (ca. 1:1 atom ratio), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Co_NSs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",81,"Y. Yan et al., Atomic-thin hexagonal CuCo nanocrystals with d-band tuning for CO2 reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 7496-7502 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co (0.2 %)/CuO alloy NPs (ca. 16 nm) with single-atom Co prepared from Cu-MOF precursor, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo foil","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",43,"B. Kim et al., Trace-Level Cobalt Dopants Enhance CO2 Electroreduction and Ethylene Formation on Copper. ACS Energy Letters 8, 3356-3364 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Co (0.2 %)/CuO alloy NPs (ca. 16 nm) with single-atom Co prepared from Cu-MOF precursor, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-SAC/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"NiFeCuMo foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.01 V\nvs. RHE","-650\nmA/cm2",43,"B. Kim et al., Trace-Level Cobalt Dopants Enhance CO2 Electroreduction and Ethylene Formation on Copper. ACS Energy Letters 8, 3356-3364 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Co (4% Co) alloy NPs prepared via co-electroplating on Cu substrate","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_alloyNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",22,"Y. Takatsuji et al., Highly Selective Methane Production Through Electrochemical CO2 reduction by Electrolytically Plated Cu-Co Electrode. Electrocatalysis 10, 29-34 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu/Co (4% Co) alloy NPs prepared via co-electroplating on Cu substrate"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Co"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_alloyNPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.19 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",22,"Y. Takatsuji et al., Highly Selective Methane Production Through Electrochemical CO2 reduction by Electrolytically Plated Cu-Co Electrode. Electrocatalysis 10, 29-34 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cold H2 plasma-treated porous mixed CoOx/CuOx, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Porous-CoOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",70,"J. Wang et al., Cold plasma activated Cu–Co multi-active centers tandem catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 into C2H4. Vacuum 222, 113017 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cold H2 plasma-treated porous mixed CoOx/CuOx, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Porous-CoOx/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J26","v":"?"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",70,"J. Wang et al., Cold plasma activated Cu–Co multi-active centers tandem catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 into C2H4. Vacuum 222, 113017 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"?"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-2.85 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",54,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Co-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Co"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.85 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",54,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Vulcan XC-72 toplayer on Co-TMC midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-420\nmA/cm2",67,"X. Kong et al., Understanding the Effect of *CO Coverage on C–C Coupling toward CO2 Electroreduction. Nano Letters 22, 3801-3808 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Vulcan XC-72 toplayer on Co-TMC midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Co, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.79 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-420\nmA/cm2",67,"X. Kong et al., Understanding the Effect of *CO Coverage on C–C Coupling toward CO2 Electroreduction. Nano Letters 22, 3801-3808 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",58,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Co, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",58,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-20","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",71,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on cobalt phthalocyanine-modified-acetylene black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Co, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-AcB/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"FAA-3-20"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.76 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-317\nmA/cm2",71,"J. Liu et al., Integration of Cobalt Phthalocyanine, Acetylene Black and Cu2O Nanocubes for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300601 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Co-TMC surface-modified Cu NCs supported on carbon black, on GDL substrate","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_NCs/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"M. Wang, A. Loiudice, V. Okatenko, I. D. Sharp, R. Buonsanti, The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 14, 1097-1104 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Co-TMC surface-modified Cu NCs supported on carbon black, on GDL substrate"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Co, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_NCs/CNPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J36","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"M. Wang, A. Loiudice, V. Okatenko, I. D. Sharp, R. Buonsanti, The spatial distribution of cobalt phthalocyanine and copper nanocubes controls the selectivity towards C2 products in tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chemical Science 14, 1097-1104 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-containing (CO forming) TMC (porphyrin) coated on CuOx NW-modified Cu mesh substrate","Core/Shell, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl (CO2-saturated)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Min et al., Construction of Cobalt Porphyrin-Modified Cu2O Nanowire Array as a Tandem Electrocatalyst for Enhanced CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Small n/a, 2400592.",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Co-containing (CO forming) TMC (porphyrin) coated on CuOx NW-modified Cu mesh substrate"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Co, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.5 M KCl (CO2-saturated)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",48,"S. Min et al., Construction of Cobalt Porphyrin-Modified Cu2O Nanowire Array as a Tandem Electrocatalyst for Enhanced CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. Small n/a, 2400592."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",58,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2",{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",58,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu NWs decorated with Co-TMC (phthalocyanine, mass ratio of 100:1 Cu/Co-TMC), on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2",{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"?"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.93 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, O, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.93 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-800\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL","A-supports-B, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, O, Co","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Co-TMC (tetraphenylporphyrin) confined within the nanopores of porous Cu2O microparticles, on PTFE-modified GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, O, Co"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu2O_MPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KCl + x M H2SO4 (pH 1.9)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x M H2SO4 (pH 1)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},1,"CO","?","-800\nmA/cm2",76,"Y. Wang, Q. Cheng, H. Zhang, L. Ma, H. Yang, Cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin trapped in the pores of Cu2O to enhance the C2+ selectivity towards acidic CO2 electroreduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 492, 152254 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-doped (1.1 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",42,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Co-doped (1.1 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Co, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu2O_NWs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-58\nmA/cm2",42,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",37,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Co TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Co"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/Cu_PTFE",{"$f":"H50","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J50","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L50","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",37,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Co-doped (\"0.4%\") Cu NWs, grown on Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, Core/Shell","Cu, Co, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",27,"Sanaz, S. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on cobalt decorated copper catalysts. Chemical Synthesis 4, 44 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Co-doped (\"0.4%\") Cu NWs, grown on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Co, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-22\nmA/cm2",27,"Sanaz, S. et al. Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on cobalt decorated copper catalysts. Chemical Synthesis 4, 44 (2024)."]
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["Co-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Co, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",25,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Co-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Co, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H54","v":"-"},{"$f":"J54","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.35 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",25,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]

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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Ga/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Ga-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",19,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Ga/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ga"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Ga-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-106\nmA/cm2",19,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ga(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ga, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",27,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Ga(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Ga, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",27,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ga alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ga alloy (95:5), on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Ga"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H22","v":"-"},{"$f":"J22","v":"AF1-HNN8-50-X"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.25 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",37,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermally annealed Cu-Ga LDH, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Ga_LDH","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","? 1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-522\nmA/cm2",31,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Thermally annealed Cu-Ga LDH, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Ga"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Annealed/Cu,Ga_LDH",{"$f":"H24","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L24","v":"? 1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-522\nmA/cm2",31,"L. Zhang et al., Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 21945-21954 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ga-doped CuOx NCs (1.67 at.% Ga), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Ga-doped CuOx NCs (1.67 at.% Ga), on Toray GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ga, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-1800\nmA/cm2",31,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ga"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.49 V\nvs. RHE","-1800\nmA/cm2",31,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",43,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Cu4Ga9 intermetallic alloy NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Ga"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ga9Cu4_NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",43,"S. Yan et al., High-Power CO2-to-C2 Electroreduction on Ga-Spaced, Square-like Cu Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 26374-26382 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu/Ga alloy NPs (4 at. % Ga), on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ga/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",23,"V. Okatenko et al., Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 5370-5383 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu/Ga alloy NPs (4 at. % Ga), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Ga"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ga/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-3\nmA/cm2",23,"V. Okatenko et al., Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 5370-5383 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ga/Cu alloy layer (5% Ga) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ga","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ga","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Ga/Cu alloy layer (5% Ga) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Ga"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Ga",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu NP layer (0.8 mg/cm2) with Fe-N/C overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Fe, C, N","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.38 V\nvs. ANODE","-1200\nmA/cm2",64,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu NP layer (0.8 mg/cm2) with Fe-N/C overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Fe, C, N"},"Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"-"},{"$f":"J18","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.05 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni/FE LDH Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.38 V\nvs. ANODE","-1200\nmA/cm2",64,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Fe-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Fe, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",33,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Coral-like catalyst obtained via thermal and electrochemical treatment of Fe-based metalloporphyrin intermixed in Cu-based MOF, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Fe, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.17 V\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",33,"T. Yan, J.-H. Guo, Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Sun, Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 25937-25945 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fe-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667.",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Fe-TMC shell around Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Fe"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.0 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Ma et al., Metalloporphyrin Frameworks to Encapsulate Copper Oxides for Boosting Ethylene Production in Neutral Electrolyte. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2315667."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NWs decorated with Fe-TMC, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NWs decorated with Fe-TMC, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Fe"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Co-TMC/CuOx_NWs2",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"?"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","?",31,"Y. Luo et al., Cobalt phthalocyanine promoted copper catalysts toward enhanced electro reduction of CO2 to C2: Synergistic catalysis or tandem catalysis? Journal of Energy Chemistry 92, 499-507 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fe-doped (1.3 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Fe, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe/Cu2O_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",22,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Fe-doped (1.3 at.%) self-supporting Cu2O NWs arrays on Cu mesh substrate"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Fe, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe/Cu2O_NWs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",22,"S. Min et al., Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene. Applied Surface Science 663, 160150 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Single atom Fe sites on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Single atom","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-SAC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"S.-F. Hung et al., A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nature Communications 13, 819 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Single atom Fe sites on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Fe"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-SAC/Cu_PTFE",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J28","v":"?"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"S.-F. Hung et al., A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nature Communications 13, 819 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu NCs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, Mixed-Phase/Janus","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe-TMC/Cu_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",36,"M. Wang et al., Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with Fe-porphyrins and Cu nanocubes enhances ethylene production. Chemical Science 13, 12673-12680 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu NCs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Fe"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Fe-TMC/Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J30","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",36,"M. Wang et al., Tandem electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with Fe-porphyrins and Cu nanocubes enhances ethylene production. Chemical Science 13, 12673-12680 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Fe","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",41,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Fe TMC (porphyrin) coated on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Fe"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe-TMC/Cu_PTFE",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",41,"F. Li et al., Cooperative CO2-to-ethanol conversion via enriched intermediates at molecule–metal catalyst interfaces. Nature Catalysis 3, 75-82 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Fe-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Fe, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.9 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",17,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Fe-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Fe, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Fe/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H34","v":"-"},{"$f":"J34","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O34","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.9 V\nvs. ANODE","-300\nmA/cm2",17,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Au NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Tandem catalyst","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",56,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Au NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL "},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-596\nmA/cm2",56,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Galvanic displacement driven surface-Au doped Cu microcones on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-doped/Cu_microcone","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"S. Shen et al., AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol. Small 15, 1902229 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Galvanic displacement driven surface-Au doped Cu microcones on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-doped/Cu_microcone",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"S. Shen et al., AuCu Alloy Nanoparticle Embedded Cu Submicrocone Arrays for Selective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol. Small 15, 1902229 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au/Cu alloy hollow NWs (Cu:Au of 5:1) prepared via galvanic displacement, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow_Au/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",40,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Au/Cu alloy hollow NWs (Cu:Au of 5:1) prepared via galvanic displacement, on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hollow_Au/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"?"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-67\nmA/cm2",40,"A. Guan et al., Steric effect induces CO electroreduction to CH4 on Cu–Au alloys. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 21779-21784 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"?"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu shell/Au core NPs (50 nm) with elemental gradient, on GDL","Core/shell (gradient)","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gradient Au(core)/Cu(shell)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-0.1\nmA/cm2",20,"J. Huang et al., Bimetallic Au-Cu gradient alloy for electrochemical CO2 reduction into C2H4 at low overpotential. Journal of Catalysis 415, 134-141 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu shell/Au core NPs (50 nm) with elemental gradient, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gradient Au(core)/Cu(shell)",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-0.1\nmA/cm2",20,"J. Huang et al., Bimetallic Au-Cu gradient alloy for electrochemical CO2 reduction into C2H4 at low overpotential. Journal of Catalysis 415, 134-141 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au/Cu janus nanocrystals derived from penta-twinned Au nanobipyramids, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","bipyramid/Au-Cu_janus","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",42,"H. Jia et al., Symmetry-Broken Au–Cu Heterostructures and their Tandem Catalysis Process in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2101255 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Au/Cu janus nanocrystals derived from penta-twinned Au nanobipyramids, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","bipyramid/Au-Cu_janus",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",42,"H. Jia et al., Symmetry-Broken Au–Cu Heterostructures and their Tandem Catalysis Process in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Advanced Functional Materials 31, 2101255 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs (10 nm) on top of electropolished monocrystalline Cu substrate, restructuring in-situ to form core/shell structures","Core/shell","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-on-Cu(S)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",8,"C. Zhu et al., Dynamic restructuring of epitaxial Au-Cu biphasic interface for tandem CO2-to-C2+ alcohol conversion. Chem 8, 3288-3301 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Au NPs (10 nm) on top of electropolished monocrystalline Cu substrate, restructuring in-situ to form core/shell structures"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-on-Cu(S)",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J28","v":"FAA-3-PK130"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.03 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",8,"C. Zhu et al., Dynamic restructuring of epitaxial Au-Cu biphasic interface for tandem CO2-to-C2+ alcohol conversion. Chem 8, 3288-3301 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au/Cu janus-type NPs consisting of concave Au NCs linked with hollow quasi-spherical Cu particles (ca. 118 nm) (Au:Cu ratio of 1:24), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NCs/Hollow_Cu-sphere","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2"," -0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-480\nmA/cm2",36,"Y. Zheng et al., Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2201695 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Au/Cu janus-type NPs consisting of concave Au NCs linked with hollow quasi-spherical Cu particles (ca. 118 nm) (Au:Cu ratio of 1:24), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NCs/Hollow_Cu-sphere",{"$f":"H30","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"-"},{"$f":"L30","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},1,"CO2"," -0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-480\nmA/cm2",36,"Y. Zheng et al., Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Small 18, 2201695 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Au NPs (0.7 at.%) supported on Cu NWs, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Wei, S. Yue, S. Gao, M. Cao, R. Cao, Synergetic effects of gold-doped copper nanowires with low Au content for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. Nano Research 16, 7777-7783 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Au NPs (0.7 at.%) supported on Cu NWs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",39,"Z. Wei, S. Yue, S. Gao, M. Cao, R. Cao, Synergetic effects of gold-doped copper nanowires with low Au content for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. Nano Research 16, 7777-7783 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Au, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"\"Fumasep\""},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Au, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fumasep\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Air-annealed (400 °C/4h) Au/CuC2O4/C yielding nanoporous hollow Au/CuO–CuO tandem catalsyt, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Au, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hetero_Au/Cu_hollow",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J36","v":"\"Fumasep\""},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O36","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"J.-H. Zhou et al., The site pair matching of a tandem Au/CuO–CuO nanocatalyst for promoting the selective electrolysis of CO2 to C2 products. RSC Advances 11, 38486-38494 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs (8 nm) linked via bipyridine to Cu NWs (50 nm) supported on CNPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, C","PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Linked_Au-NP/Cu-NW","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",23,"J. Fu et al., Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 14100-14103 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Au NPs (8 nm) linked via bipyridine to Cu NWs (50 nm) supported on CNPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Au, C"},"PVDF, NMP","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Linked_Au-NP/Cu-NW",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",23,"J. Fu et al., Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, 14100-14103 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hollow Cu NPs with Au NPs inside of them, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-in-hollow-Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"R. Zhang et al., Highly stability Cu+ species in hollow Cu2O nanoreactors by modulating cavity size for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 461, 142052 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Hollow Cu NPs with Au NPs inside of them, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-in-hollow-Cu",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",21,"R. Zhang et al., Highly stability Cu+ species in hollow Cu2O nanoreactors by modulating cavity size for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Engineering Journal 461, 142052 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs supported on Cu2O NWs grown on Cu-sputtered, etched FTO substrate","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Fumasep FKS-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Gao, D. Ren, X. Guo, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C–C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: a study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discussions 215, 282-296 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NWs grown on Cu-sputtered, etched FTO substrate"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au_NPs/Cu_NWs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Fumasep FKS-50"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O42","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-43\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Gao, D. Ren, X. Guo, S. M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential catalysis enables enhanced C–C coupling towards multi-carbon alkenes and alcohols in carbon dioxide reduction: a study on bifunctional Cu/Au electrocatalysts. Faraday Discussions 215, 282-296 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu shell grown on top of Au nanoribbons with 4H phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Core/Shell","Cu, Au, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4H-Au/Cu-shell","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2"," -1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,"Y. Chen et al., Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 12760-12766 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Cu shell grown on top of Au nanoribbons with 4H phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Au, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","4H-Au/Cu-shell",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",45,"Y. Chen et al., Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, 12760-12766 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs supported on Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper","A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NPs/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",24,"X. Cao et al., Enhanced Ethylene Formation from Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Sequential Catalysis on Au Decorated Cubic Cu2O Electrocatalyst. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 2353-2364 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Au NPs supported on Cu2O NCs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au_NPs/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J46","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",24,"X. Cao et al., Enhanced Ethylene Formation from Carbon Dioxide Reduction through Sequential Catalysis on Au Decorated Cubic Cu2O Electrocatalyst. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 2353-2364 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich penta-twinned nanorods (1 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.62 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich penta-twinned nanorods (1 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NRs",{"$f":"H48","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J48","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L48","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.62 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich nanocubes (2 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-150\nmA/cm2",28,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Au/Cu bimetallic {100}-facet rich nanocubes (2 at. % Au, single atom sites), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_NCs",{"$f":"H50","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J50","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L50","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-150\nmA/cm2",28,"S. Jeong et al., Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to n-Propanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 4508-4520 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu particles electroplated on 'wrinkled' Au substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/wrinkled_Au","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",20,"Rakhsha, A. et al. Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products. Nano Energy 133, 110457, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110457 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu particles electroplated on 'wrinkled' Au substrate"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/wrinkled_Au",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"?"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",20,"Rakhsha, A. et al. Tandem gold/copper catalysis and morphological tuning via wrinkling to boost CO2 electroreduction into C2+ products. Nano Energy 133, 110457, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110457 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"?"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs (\"large\", order of a few nm) supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",42,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Au NPs (\"large\", order of a few nm) supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra",{"$f":"H54","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"NiFeCuMo plate"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.97 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",42,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Au-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu_sputter",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Au/Cu alloy layer (5% Au) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Au","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",22,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Au/Cu alloy layer (5% Au) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Au",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J58","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O58","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.77 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",22,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]

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0,250,0],[249,1,250,1],[245,35,246,35],[245,36,246,36],[245,37,246,37],[245,38,246,38],[245,39,246,39],[246,26,246,27],[246,31,246,32],[245,17,246,17],[245,18,246,18],[245,19,246,19],[245,20,246,20],[245,21,246,21],[247,35,248,35],[247,36,248,36],[247,37,248,37],[247,38,248,38],[247,39,248,39],[248,26,248,27],[248,31,248,32],[247,19,248,19],[247,20,248,20],[245,2,246,2],[245,3,246,3],[245,4,246,4],[245,5,246,5],[247,21,248,21],[249,2,250,2],[249,3,250,3]],"merged_total":4911,"flags":["merged_cut"]}
["†_Cu-Ag,1Used current density and FE described in text to calculate total current, as opposed to figure (ca. 85 mA/cm2 vs. ca. 110 mA/cm2)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Ag foil coated with Cu NP Nafion ink","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Nafion-Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,"Akter, T., et al. (2022). \"Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction inside a Membrane with Enhanced Selectivity for Ethylene.\" The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126(24): 10045-10052.",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Ag foil coated with Cu NP Nafion ink"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Ag/Nafion-Cu2O"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"-"},{"$f":"L18","v":"One compartment"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q18","v":"?"},{"$f":"R18","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S18","v":"-1.9 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T18","v":"-21 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U18","v":76},{"$f":"V18","v":"Akter, T., et al. (2022). \"Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction inside a Membrane with Enhanced Selectivity for Ethylene.\" The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126(24): 10045-10052."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M18","v":0},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Prepared by electrodepositing Cu on Ag surfaces","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Electro/Cu_NPs/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","(n/a)","-","(n/a)","One compartment",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon electrode","?","?","CO2","-1.9 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",76,"Akter, T. and C. J. Barile (2023). \"Membrane-controlled CO2 electrocatalysts with switchable C2 product selectivity and high faradaic efficiency for ethanol.\" ",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Prepared by electrodepositing Cu on Ag surfaces"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Electro/Cu_NPs/Ag"},{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"-"},{"$f":"L20","v":"One compartment"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Carbon electrode"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q20","v":"?"},{"$f":"R20","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S20","v":"-1.9 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T20","v":"-21 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U20","v":76},{"$f":"V20","v":"Akter, T. and C. J. Barile (2023). \"Membrane-controlled CO2 electrocatalysts with switchable C2 product selectivity and high faradaic efficiency for ethanol.\" "}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M20","v":0},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu/Ag obtained using magnetron sputtering, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu52Ag48","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-","-451 mA/cm2",69,"Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). \"Enhanced interfacial effect-induced asymmetric coupling boost electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 344: 123666.",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Cu/Ag obtained using magnetron sputtering, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Ag, Al"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Cu52Ag48"},{"$f":"H22","v":"-"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Sustainion X37-50 Grade 60"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q22","v":"?"},{"$f":"R22","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S22","v":"-"},{"$f":"T22","v":"-451 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U22","v":69},{"$f":"V22","v":"Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). \"Enhanced interfacial effect-induced asymmetric coupling boost electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 344: 123666."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu NCs doped with AgNO3, on solid substrate","Cubes, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","0-Cu2O/Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-27 mA/cm2",67,"Dong, G., et al. (2023). \"Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides.\" Materials Reports: Energy 3(2): 100195.",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NCs doped with AgNO3, on solid substrate"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D24","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"0-Cu2O/Ag"},{"$f":"H24","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L24","v":"?"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q24","v":"?"},{"$f":"R24","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S24","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T24","v":"-27 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U24","v":67},{"$f":"V24","v":"Dong, G., et al. (2023). \"Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides.\" Materials Reports: Energy 3(2): 100195."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu NWs from ACS Materials doped with AgNO3, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-63 doped Cu-nanowire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperIon 40 μm","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL",30,"?","CO2","-3.2 V cell potential","-80 mA/cm2",60,"Jiang, R., et al. (2023). \"Copper-Nanowires Incorporated with Silver-Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Reduction in Alkaline Zero Gap Electrolyzer.\" ACS Applied Energy Materials 6(20): 10475-10486.",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cu NWs from ACS Materials doped with AgNO3, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D26","v":"-"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"Ag-63 doped Cu-nanowire"},{"$f":"H26","v":"-"},{"$f":"J26","v":"PiperIon 40 μm"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ir on GDL"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},{"$f":"P26","v":30},{"$f":"Q26","v":"?"},{"$f":"R26","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S26","v":"-3.2 V cell potential"},{"$f":"T26","v":"-80 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U26","v":60},{"$f":"V26","v":"Jiang, R., et al. (2023). \"Copper-Nanowires Incorporated with Silver-Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Reduction in Alkaline Zero Gap Electrolyzer.\" ACS Applied Energy Materials 6(20): 10475-10486."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"}]
["Ag-doped Cu MOF (Cu:Ag of 10:1) NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",57,"J. Feng et al., Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Chemical Science,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Ag-doped Cu MOF (Cu:Ag of 10:1) NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"Ag/Cu_MOF"},{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"?"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q28","v":"?"},{"$f":"R28","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S28","v":"-1.3 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T28","v":"-220\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U28","v":57},{"$f":"V28","v":"J. Feng et al., Restructuring multi-phase interfaces from Cu-based metal–organic frameworks for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Chemical Science,  (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuAg by electrodeposited CuSO4 and Ag2SO4, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuAg-wire","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumatech",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V vs. RHE","-313 mA/cm2",55,"Hoang, T. T. H., et al. (2018). \"Nanoporous Copper–Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 140(17): 5791-5797.",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"CuAg by electrodeposited CuSO4 and Ag2SO4, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D30","v":"-"},{"$f":"E30","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F30","v":"CuAg-wire"},{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Fumatech"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ir on GDL"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q30","v":"?"},{"$f":"R30","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S30","v":"-0.68 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T30","v":"-313 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U30","v":55},{"$f":"V30","v":"Hoang, T. T. H., et al. (2018). \"Nanoporous Copper–Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 140(17): 5791-5797."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplating Ag with drop casted Cu, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Thiadiazole (N2SN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","15%at. Ag–Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Fumapem FAA-3-50","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ti-IrOx","?","?","CO2","-4.55 Vvs. ANODE","-320 mA/cm2",55,"Wu, H., et al. (2021). \"Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping.\" Nature Communications 12(1): 7210.",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Electroplating Ag with drop casted Cu, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D32","v":"Thiadiazole (N2SN)"},{"$f":"E32","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F32","v":"15%at. Ag–Cu"},{"$f":"H32","v":"-"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Fumapem FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ti-IrOx"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q32","v":"?"},{"$f":"R32","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S32","v":"-4.55 Vvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T32","v":"-320 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U32","v":55},{"$f":"V32","v":"Wu, H., et al. (2021). \"Improved electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products by using molecular doping.\" Nature Communications 12(1): 7210."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":0},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"]
["Synthesis of Ag NCs doped with CuCl2, on glass carbon electrode ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag65–Cu35 JNS-100 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-4 mA/cm2",54,"Ma, Y., et al. (2022). \"Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" Advanced Materials 34(19): 2110607.",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Synthesis of Ag NCs doped with CuCl2, on glass carbon electrode "},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D34","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E34","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F34","v":"Ag65–Cu35 JNS-100 "},{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q34","v":"?"},{"$f":"R34","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S34","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T34","v":"-4 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U34","v":54},{"$f":"V34","v":"Ma, Y., et al. (2022). \"Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" Advanced Materials 34(19): 2110607."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag-doped (4.3 at. % vs. Cu) CuO nanospheres consisting of aggregated platelets, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag/Cu_aggregated","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",51,"Z. Yang et al., Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR. Surfaces and Interfaces 48, 104267 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Ag-doped (4.3 at. % vs. Cu) CuO nanospheres consisting of aggregated platelets, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D36","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E36","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F36","v":"Ag/Cu_aggregated"},{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q36","v":"?"},{"$f":"R36","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S36","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T36","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U36","v":51},{"$f":"V36","v":"Z. Yang et al., Modulating surface microenvironment based on Ag-adorned CuO flower-liked nanospheres for strengthening C-‍C coupling during CO2RR. Surfaces and Interfaces 48, 104267 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Ag NPs (50 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",51,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Ag NPs (50 nm), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Ag, C, O"},{"$f":"D38","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E38","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F38","v":"Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes"},{"$f":"H38","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q38","v":"?"},{"$f":"R38","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S38","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T38","v":"-29\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U38","v":51},{"$f":"V38","v":"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Synthesis of CuO NCs doped with AgCl2, on a GDL","Nanowire, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgOx/S-Cu2O","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V vs. RHE","-150 mA/cm2",50,"Liu, J., et al. (2022). \"Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes.\" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10(15): 8459-8465.",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Synthesis of CuO NCs doped with AgCl2, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D40","v":"-"},{"$f":"E40","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F40","v":"AgOx/S-Cu2O"},{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q40","v":"?"},{"$f":"R40","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S40","v":"-0.6 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T40","v":"-150 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U40","v":50},{"$f":"V40","v":"Liu, J., et al. (2022). \"Dynamic determination of Cu+ roles for CO2 reduction on electrochemically stable Cu2O-based nanocubes.\" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10(15): 8459-8465."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu needles with Ag NP, on a GDL","Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu needle-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.93 V vs. RHE","-350 mA/cm2",50,"Wei, C., et al. (2023). \"Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts.\" Advanced Functional Materials 33(28): 2214992.",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu needles with Ag NP, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D42","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F42","v":"Cu needle-Ag"},{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Fumasep FAS-50"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q42","v":"?"},{"$f":"R42","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S42","v":"-0.93 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T42","v":"-350 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U42","v":50},{"$f":"V42","v":"Wei, C., et al. (2023). \"Nanoscale Management of CO Transport in CO2 Electroreduction: Boosting Faradaic Efficiency to Multicarbon Products via Nanostructured Tandem Electrocatalysts.\" Advanced Functional Materials 33(28): 2214992."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Synthesised CuO particles followed by AgNO3 doping, on a glassy carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, I, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","AgI-CuO ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.25 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1 V vs. RHE","-24 mA/cm2",49,"Yang, R., et al. (2022). \"In Situ Halogen-Ion Leaching Regulates Multiple Sites on Tandem Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61(21): e202116706.",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Synthesised CuO particles followed by AgNO3 doping, on a glassy carbon electrode"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Ag, I, O"},{"$f":"D44","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F44","v":"AgI-CuO "},{"$f":"H44","v":"0.25 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q44","v":"?"},{"$f":"R44","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S44","v":"-1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T44","v":"-24 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U44","v":49},{"$f":"V44","v":"Yang, R., et al. (2022). \"In Situ Halogen-Ion Leaching Regulates Multiple Sites on Tandem Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61(21): e202116706."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL ","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-490\nmA/cm2",48,"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Ag NP layer on top of Cu NP layer, on a GDL "},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D46","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F46","v":"Ag/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},{"$f":"Q46","v":1},{"$f":"R46","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S46","v":"-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T46","v":"-490\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U46","v":48},{"$f":"V46","v":"X. She et al., Tandem Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction into C2+ Products at Simultaneously High Production Efficiency and Rate. Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100051 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Galvanic replacement commercial Cu NPs and Ag+","Foam","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu SAA","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.65 V vs. RHE","-708 mA/cm2",48,"Du, C., et al. (2023). \"Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 6142.",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Galvanic replacement commercial Cu NPs and Ag+"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D48","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E48","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F48","v":"AgCu SAA"},{"$f":"H48","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},{"$f":"Q48","v":"?"},{"$f":"R48","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S48","v":"-0.65 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T48","v":"-708 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U48","v":48},{"$f":"V48","v":"Du, C., et al. (2023). \"Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 6142."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with Ag overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL","Overlayer, Tandem catalyst","Cu, Ag","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","0.05 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni/FE LDH Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.05 V\nvs. ANODE","-688\nmA/cm2",46,"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Cu NP layer (0.4 mg/cm2) with Ag overlayer (only present near CO2 inlet, 5% of total area), on GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D50","v":"Sustainion XA-9"},{"$f":"E50","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F50","v":"ZnO-partial-over-Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H50","v":"-"},{"$f":"J50","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.05 M KOH"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Ni/FE LDH Ni foam"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q50","v":"?"},{"$f":"R50","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S50","v":"-3.05 V\nvs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T50","v":"-688\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U50","v":46},{"$f":"V50","v":"T. Zhang et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nature Catalysis 5, 202-211 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs mixed with Ag NPs and PTFE, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag_NPs+PTFE/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-1.42 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",45,"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu NPs mixed with Ag NPs and PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D52","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E52","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F52","v":"Ag_NPs+PTFE/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Selemion DSVN"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q52","v":"?"},{"$f":"R52","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S52","v":"-1.42 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T52","v":"-600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U52","v":45},{"$f":"V52","v":"M. Liu et al., Potential Alignment in Tandem Catalysts Enhances CO2-to-C2H4 Conversion Efficiencies. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 468-475 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Ag NRs fully coated by Cu(NO3)2 solution ","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","4H Au@Cu nanoribbon","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.11 V vs. RHE","-100 mA/cm2",45,"Chen, Y., et al. (2020). \"Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO(2) Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study.\" J Am Chem Soc 142(29): 12760-12766.",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Ag NRs fully coated by Cu(NO3)2 solution "},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Au"},{"$f":"D54","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E54","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F54","v":"4H Au@Cu nanoribbon"},{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"?"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q54","v":"?"},{"$f":"R54","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S54","v":"-1.11 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T54","v":"-100 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U54","v":45},{"$f":"V54","v":"Chen, Y., et al. (2020). \"Ethylene Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO(2) Reduction on Cu Nanomaterials: A Crystal Phase-Dependent Study.\" J Am Chem Soc 142(29): 12760-12766."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP on GDL, immersed AgNO3 solution for various times.","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO","-0.56 V vs. RHE","?",44,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP on GDL, immersed AgNO3 solution for various times."},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D56","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E56","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F56","v":"Ag doped Cu (1hour)"},{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P56","v":0},{"$f":"Q56","v":0},{"$f":"R56","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S56","v":"-0.56 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T56","v":"?"},{"$f":"U56","v":44},{"$f":"V56","v":"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Core/shell NPs with Ag core and Cu shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@Cu-p4.9","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V vs. RHE","-299 mA/cm2",44,"Zhong, Y., et al. (2022). \"Adjusting Local CO Confinement in Porous-Shell Ag@Cu Catalysts for Enhancing C–C Coupling toward CO2 Eletroreduction.\" Nano Letters 22(6): 2554-2560.",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Core/shell NPs with Ag core and Cu shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D58","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E58","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F58","v":"Ag@Cu-p4.9"},{"$f":"H58","v":"1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q58","v":"?"},{"$f":"R58","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S58","v":"-1.6 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T58","v":"-299 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U58","v":44},{"$f":"V58","v":"Zhong, Y., et al. (2022). \"Adjusting Local CO Confinement in Porous-Shell Ag@Cu Catalysts for Enhancing C–C Coupling toward CO2 Eletroreduction.\" Nano Letters 22(6): 2554-2560."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Co-plated Cu and Ag from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_co-plate","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-148\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Co-plated Cu and Ag from a 1 mM 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole containing plating bath, on a 10nm Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D60","v":"-"},{"$f":"E60","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F60","v":"Ag/Cu_co-plate"},{"$f":"H60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J60","v":"-"},{"$f":"L60","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O60","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q60","v":"?"},{"$f":"R60","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S60","v":"-0.8 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T60","v":"-148\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U60","v":43},{"$f":"V60","v":"X. Chen et al., Controlling Speciation during CO2 Reduction on Cu-Alloy Electrodes. ACS Catal 10, 672-682 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Core-shell NPs prepared by precipitation of Cu(OH)2 on Ag core, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag@C@Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Not Found","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V vs. RHE","-400 mA/cm2",43,"Zhang, J., et al. (2022). \"Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction in flow reactors.\" Cell Reports Physical Science 3(7): 100949.",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Core-shell NPs prepared by precipitation of Cu(OH)2 on Ag core, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D62","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E62","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F62","v":"Ag@C@Cu"},{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Not Found"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q62","v":"?"},{"$f":"R62","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S62","v":"-0.64 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T62","v":"-400 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U62","v":43},{"$f":"V62","v":"Zhang, J., et al. (2022). \"Tandem effect of Ag@C@Cu catalysts enhances ethanol selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction in flow reactors.\" Cell Reports Physical Science 3(7): 100949."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["The CuO supports prepared by precipitation method followed by Ag impregnation, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion 115","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1-CuO-2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,"Xue, L., et al. (2023). \"Ultralow Ag-assisted carbon–carbon coupling mechanism on Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.\" Journal of Energy Chemistry 82: 414-422.",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"The CuO supports prepared by precipitation method followed by Ag impregnation, On a GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D64","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"E64","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F64","v":"Ag1-CuO-2"},{"$f":"H64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q64","v":"?"},{"$f":"R64","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S64","v":"-1.3 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T64","v":"-10 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U64","v":42},{"$f":"V64","v":"Xue, L., et al. (2023). \"Ultralow Ag-assisted carbon–carbon coupling mechanism on Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.\" Journal of Energy Chemistry 82: 414-422."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sythesyzed Cu nanocubes doped with AgNO3, On a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","CuO, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV, AGC Inc.",null,"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.95 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",42,"Herzog, A., et al. (2021). \"Operando Investigation of Ag-Decorated Cu2O Nanocube Catalysts with Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction toward Liquid Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60(13): 7426-7435.",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Sythesyzed Cu nanocubes doped with AgNO3, On a GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"CuO, Ag"},{"$f":"D66","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E66","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F66","v":"3-Ag/Cu2O"},{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Selemion AMV, AGC Inc."},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q66","v":"?"},{"$f":"R66","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S66","v":"-0.95 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T66","v":"-10 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U66","v":42},{"$f":"V66","v":"Herzog, A., et al. (2021). \"Operando Investigation of Ag-Decorated Cu2O Nanocube Catalysts with Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction toward Liquid Products.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60(13): 7426-7435."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["CuO Nanowires modified with AgNO3","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag−Cu2O NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-",null,null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-36 mA/cm2",42,"Gao, J., et al. (2019). \"Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(47): 18704-18714.",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"CuO Nanowires modified with AgNO3"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D68","v":"-"},{"$f":"E68","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F68","v":"Ag−Cu2O NWs"},{"$f":"H68","v":"0.2 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J68","v":"-"},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q68","v":"?"},{"$f":"R68","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S68","v":"-1.05 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T68","v":"-36 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U68","v":42},{"$f":"V68","v":"Gao, J., et al. (2019). \"Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(47): 18704-18714."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP dispersed in methanol with Nafion deposited on GDL, immersed in aqueous AgNO3 solution for various times.","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag doped Cu (1hour)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-1.31 V vs. RHE","?",41,"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186.",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Commercial Sigma-Aldrich Cu NP dispersed in methanol with Nafion deposited on GDL, immersed in aqueous AgNO3 solution for various times."},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D70","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E70","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F70","v":"Ag doped Cu (1hour)"},{"$f":"H70","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L70","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P70","v":0},{"$f":"Q70","v":0},{"$f":"R70","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S70","v":"-1.31 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T70","v":"?"},{"$f":"U70","v":41},{"$f":"V70","v":"Wang, X., et al. (2019). \"Efficient upgrading of CO to C3 fuel using asymmetric C-C coupling active sites.\" Nature Communications 10(1): 5186."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["The AgCu alloy catalyst was obtained via electroreduction, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCuOx ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",41,"Wang, J., et al. (2019). \"Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11(3): 2763-2767.",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"The AgCu alloy catalyst was obtained via electroreduction, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D72","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E72","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F72","v":"AgCuOx "},{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":25},{"$f":"Q72","v":"?"},{"$f":"R72","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S72","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T72","v":"-6 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U72","v":41},{"$f":"V72","v":"Wang, J., et al. (2019). \"Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11(3): 2763-2767."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu NPs with Ag layer created by spincoating with AgNO3 solution, on a Cu foil","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu Np","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-20 mA/cm2",41,"Hou, L., et al. (2020). \"Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene.\" Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7(10): 2097-2106.",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Electroplated Cu NPs with Ag layer created by spincoating with AgNO3 solution, on a Cu foil"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D74","v":"-"},{"$f":"E74","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F74","v":"Ag@Cu Np"},{"$f":"H74","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q74","v":"?"},{"$f":"R74","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S74","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T74","v":"-20 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U74","v":41},{"$f":"V74","v":"Hou, L., et al. (2020). \"Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene.\" Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7(10): 2097-2106."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["AgNO3 doping of CuO particles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu2O-Ag-0.6","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","?",{"$nulls":4},"?","?","?","CO2","?","-1200 mA/cm2",40,"Su, W., et al. (2021). \"Highly dispersive trace silver decorated Cu/Cu2O composites boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol.\" Journal of CO2 Utilization 52: 101698.",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"AgNO3 doping of CuO particles"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D76","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E76","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F76","v":"Cu/Cu2O-Ag-0.6"},{"$f":"H76","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J76","v":"?"},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":"?"},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q76","v":"?"},{"$f":"R76","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S76","v":"?"},{"$f":"T76","v":"-1200 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U76","v":40},{"$f":"V76","v":"Su, W., et al. (2021). \"Highly dispersive trace silver decorated Cu/Cu2O composites boosting electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol.\" Journal of CO2 Utilization 52: 101698."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0}]
["Ag/Cu catalysts were deposited by cosputtering with Cu and Ag targets ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag0.14/Cu0.86","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","?","-200 mA/cm2",40,"Li, Y. C., et al. (2019). \"Binding Site Diversity Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(21): 8584-8591.",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Ag/Cu catalysts were deposited by cosputtering with Cu and Ag targets "},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D78","v":"-"},{"$f":"E78","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F78","v":"Ag0.14/Cu0.86"},{"$f":"H78","v":"1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L78","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"?"},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q78","v":"?"},{"$f":"R78","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S78","v":"?"},{"$f":"T78","v":"-200 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U78","v":40},{"$f":"V78","v":"Li, Y. C., et al. (2019). \"Binding Site Diversity Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(21): 8584-8591."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0}]
["Synthesis of Cu2O NCs doped by AgNO3, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","dCu2O/Ag1.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",null,null,"CO2","-2.1 V vs. RHE","800 mA/cm2",39,"Wang, P., et al. (2022). \"Boosting electrocatalytic CO2–to–ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling.\" Nature Communications 13(1): 3754.",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Synthesis of Cu2O NCs doped by AgNO3, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D80","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E80","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F80","v":"dCu2O/Ag1.2%"},{"$f":"H80","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Fumasep FAB–PK–130"},{"$f":"L80","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P80","v":0},{"$f":"Q80","v":0},{"$f":"R80","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S80","v":"-2.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T80","v":"800 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U80","v":39},{"$f":"V80","v":"Wang, P., et al. (2022). \"Boosting electrocatalytic CO2–to–ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling.\" Nature Communications 13(1): 3754."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":0},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag-doped (4 wt%, XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",37,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag-doped (4 wt%, XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D82","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E82","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F82","v":"Ag/Cu2O_commercial"},{"$f":"H82","v":"-"},{"$f":"J82","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L82","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O82","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q82","v":"?"},{"$f":"R82","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S82","v":"?"},{"$f":"T82","v":"-600\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U82","v":37},{"$f":"V82","v":"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag−Cu NDs were synthesized using a seed-mediated method, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag1−Cu1.1 NDs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-1 mA/cm2",37,"Huang, J., et al. (2019). \"Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag–Cu Nanodimers.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(6): 2490-2499.",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Ag−Cu NDs were synthesized using a seed-mediated method, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D84","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E84","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F84","v":"Ag1−Cu1.1 NDs"},{"$f":"H84","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Selemion"},{"$f":"L84","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q84","v":"?"},{"$f":"R84","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S84","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T84","v":"-1 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U84","v":37},{"$f":"V84","v":"Huang, J., et al. (2019). \"Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag–Cu Nanodimers.\" J Am Chem Soc 141(6): 2490-2499."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":0},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on Graphdiyne doped with Ag, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag–Cu/GDY","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion N-115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.8 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",36,"Zhu, Q., et al. (2023). \"Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products.\" Nanoscale 15(5): 2106-2113.",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Cu NPs supported on Graphdiyne doped with Ag, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D86","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E86","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F86","v":"Ag–Cu/GDY"},{"$f":"H86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Nafion N-115"},{"$f":"L86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":25},{"$f":"Q86","v":"?"},{"$f":"R86","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S86","v":"-1.8 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T86","v":"-50 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U86","v":36},{"$f":"V86","v":"Zhu, Q., et al. (2023). \"Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products.\" Nanoscale 15(5): 2106-2113."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":0},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Synthesised Ag NPs were doped with copper acetate and PVP, on a GDL","Core shell, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu 10%","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2 plated sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-375 mA/cm2",36,"Cai, Z., et al. (2023). \"Hierarchical Ag-Cu interfaces promote C-C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 325: 122310.",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Synthesised Ag NPs were doped with copper acetate and PVP, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D88","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E88","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F88","v":"Ag-Cu 10%"},{"$f":"H88","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J88","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L88","v":0},{"$f":"O88","v":"IrO2 plated sheet"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q88","v":"?"},{"$f":"R88","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S88","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T88","v":"-375 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U88","v":36},{"$f":"V88","v":"Cai, Z., et al. (2023). \"Hierarchical Ag-Cu interfaces promote C-C coupling in tandem CO2 electroreduction.\" Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 325: 122310."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M88","v":0},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu-Ag bimetallic catalysts by simultaneous galvanic replacement, on a glass carbon electrode","Alloyed/doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg0.025 ","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","?",35,"Li, M., et al. (2023). \"Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol.\" Advanced Science 10(2): 2204579.",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"Cu-Ag bimetallic catalysts by simultaneous galvanic replacement, on a glass carbon electrode"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D90","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E90","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F90","v":"CuAg0.025 "},{"$f":"H90","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L90","v":"?"},{"$f":"O90","v":"?"},{"$f":"N90","v":0},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q90","v":"?"},{"$f":"R90","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S90","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T90","v":"?"},{"$f":"U90","v":35},{"$f":"V90","v":"Li, M., et al. (2023). \"Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol.\" Advanced Science 10(2): 2204579."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":0},{"$f":"N90","v":0}]
["Metal powder mixed and heated up to 2650 °C, on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, C","Teflon","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu:Ag 0.2%","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO","-2.3 V vs. SCE","-200 mA/cm2","34","Schwartz, M., et al. (1994). \"Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals.\" Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141(11): 3119.",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"Metal powder mixed and heated up to 2650 °C, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D92","v":"Teflon"},{"$f":"E92","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F92","v":"Cu:Ag 0.2%"},{"$f":"H92","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J92","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L92","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O92","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":25},{"$f":"Q92","v":1},{"$f":"R92","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S92","v":"-2.3 V vs. SCE"},{"$f":"T92","v":"-200 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U92","v":"34"},{"$f":"V92","v":"Schwartz, M., et al. (1994). \"Fischer‐Tropsch Electrochemical  CO2 Reduction to Fuels and Chemicals.\" Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141(11): 3119."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":0},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Synthesis of CuO NPs followed by addition of AgOCOCF3 making core shell, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B, cubes","Cu, Ag, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag0.1nm","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO2","-0.75 V vs. RHE","-110 mA/cm2",34,"Kuhn, A. N., et al. (2021). \"Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials.\" Advanced Functional Materials 31(26): 2101668.",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Synthesis of CuO NPs followed by addition of AgOCOCF3 making core shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu, Ag, C, O"},{"$f":"D94","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E94","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F94","v":"Cu@Ag0.1nm"},{"$f":"H94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Fumatech PK-75"},{"$f":"L94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Ir on GDL"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q94","v":"?"},{"$f":"R94","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S94","v":"-0.75 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T94","v":"-110 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U94","v":34},{"$f":"V94","v":"Kuhn, A. N., et al. (2021). \"Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials.\" Advanced Functional Materials 31(26): 2101668."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":0},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Exchange of Ag+ ions from Cu nanosheets, on a glass carbon electrode","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CA-foil-20-40","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.05 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",34,"Li, J., et al. (2021). \"Copper sulfide as the cation exchange template for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.\" RSC Advances 11(39): 23948-23959.",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"Exchange of Ag+ ions from Cu nanosheets, on a glass carbon electrode"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D96","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E96","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F96","v":"CA-foil-20-40"},{"$f":"H96","v":"0.05 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J96","v":"?"},{"$f":"L96","v":"?"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P96","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q96","v":"?"},{"$f":"R96","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S96","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T96","v":"-10 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U96","v":34},{"$f":"V96","v":"Li, J., et al. (2021). \"Copper sulfide as the cation exchange template for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.\" RSC Advances 11(39): 23948-23959."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":0},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag nanocrystals with copper overlayer, on a GDL","Core shell, Janus, A-supports-B,","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu2O seg-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-102 mA/cm2",33,"Yu, F., et al. (2023). \"Multilayer-Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products.\" Small 19(38): 2301558.",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"Ag nanocrystals with copper overlayer, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D98","v":"-"},{"$f":"E98","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F98","v":"Ag-Cu2O seg-GDL"},{"$f":"H98","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L98","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O98","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q98","v":"?"},{"$f":"R98","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S98","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T98","v":"-102 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U98","v":33},{"$f":"V98","v":"Yu, F., et al. (2023). \"Multilayer-Cavity Tandem Catalyst for Profiling Sequentially Coupling of Intermediate CO in Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products.\" Small 19(38): 2301558."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Electrodeposited CuAgx on carbon support","Mixed-phae/Janus, A-supports-B, dendritic","Cu, Ag","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuAg4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.23 V vs. RHE","-11 mA/cm2",33,"Liu, H., et al. (2024). \"High-performance carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products on EDTA-modified Cu–Ag tandem catalyst.\" Journal of Catalysis 429: 115227.",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Electrodeposited CuAgx on carbon support"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D100","v":"?"},{"$f":"E100","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F100","v":"CuAg4"},{"$f":"H100","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J100","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L100","v":"?"},{"$f":"O100","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q100","v":"?"},{"$f":"R100","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S100","v":"-1.23 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T100","v":"-11 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U100","v":33},{"$f":"V100","v":"Liu, H., et al. (2024). \"High-performance carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products on EDTA-modified Cu–Ag tandem catalyst.\" Journal of Catalysis 429: 115227."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":0},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Synthesized Ag nanowires were mixed with Cu(OAc)2 generating Ag@CuOx-X","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@CuOx-32","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V vs. RHE","-16 mA/cm2",32,"Chang, C.-J., et al. (2019). \"Quantitatively Unraveling the Redox Shuttle of Spontaneous Oxidation/Electroreduction of CuOx on Silver Nanowires Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.\" ACS Central Science 5(12): 1998-2009.",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Synthesized Ag nanowires were mixed with Cu(OAc)2 generating Ag@CuOx-X"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D102","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E102","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F102","v":"Ag@CuOx-32"},{"$f":"H102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J102","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O102","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},{"$f":"P102","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q102","v":"?"},{"$f":"R102","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S102","v":"-1.05 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T102","v":"-16 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U102","v":32},{"$f":"V102","v":"Chang, C.-J., et al. (2019). \"Quantitatively Unraveling the Redox Shuttle of Spontaneous Oxidation/Electroreduction of CuOx on Silver Nanowires Using in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.\" ACS Central Science 5(12): 1998-2009."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M102","v":0},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"}]
["Self prepared  Cu np were doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution creating Ag shell","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu@Ag-2 NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-23 mA/cm2",32,"Zhang, S., et al. (2021). \"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward C2 Valuables on Cu@Ag Core-Shell Tandem Catalyst with Tunable Shell Thickness.\" Small 17(37): 2102293.",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Self prepared  Cu np were doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution creating Ag shell"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D104","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E104","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F104","v":"Cu@Ag-2 NPs"},{"$f":"H104","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J104","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L104","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O104","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q104","v":"?"},{"$f":"R104","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S104","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T104","v":"-23 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U104","v":32},{"$f":"V104","v":"Zhang, S., et al. (2021). \"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Toward C2 Valuables on Cu@Ag Core-Shell Tandem Catalyst with Tunable Shell Thickness.\" Small 17(37): 2102293."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M104","v":0},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu-BTC doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-Ag/NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",31,"Zou, X., et al. (2023). \"Nitrogen-doped carbon confined Cu-Ag bimetals for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to high-order products.\" Chemical Engineering Journal 468: 143606.",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Cu-BTC doped with aqueous AgNO3 solution, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D106","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E106","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F106","v":"Cu-Ag/NC"},{"$f":"H106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O106","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q106","v":"?"},{"$f":"R106","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S106","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T106","v":"-6 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U106","v":31},{"$f":"V106","v":"Zou, X., et al. (2023). \"Nitrogen-doped carbon confined Cu-Ag bimetals for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to high-order products.\" Chemical Engineering Journal 468: 143606."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":0},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag2Cu2O3 synthesised from Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, on a GDL","Alloyed","Cu, Ag, O","Sustainion XA-9","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag2Cu2O3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M CsHCO3 ","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1 M CsHCO3 ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ti sheet coated with Ir-MMO","?",1,"CO","?","-200 mA/cm2",31,"Martić, N., et al. (2020). \"Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products.\" Energy & Environmental Science 13(9): 2993-3006.",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Ag2Cu2O3 synthesised from Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D108","v":"Sustainion XA-9"},{"$f":"E108","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F108","v":"Ag2Cu2O3"},{"$f":"H108","v":"1 M CsHCO3 "},{"$f":"J108","v":"Fumasep FAB–PK–130"},{"$f":"L108","v":"1 M CsHCO3 "},{"$f":"O108","v":"Ti sheet coated with Ir-MMO"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P108","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q108","v":1},{"$f":"R108","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S108","v":"?"},{"$f":"T108","v":"-200 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U108","v":31},{"$f":"V108","v":"Martić, N., et al. (2020). \"Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products.\" Energy & Environmental Science 13(9): 2993-3006."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M108","v":0},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Core shell, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag@Cu-20","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","Not found",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauge",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",30,"Chang, Z., et al. (2017). \"The Tunable and Highly Selective Reduction Products on Ag@Cu Bimetallic Catalysts Toward CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction.\" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121(21): 11368-11379.",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D110","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E110","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F110","v":"Ag@Cu-20"},{"$f":"H110","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J110","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L110","v":"Not found"},{"$f":"O110","v":"Pt gauge"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":25},{"$f":"Q110","v":"?"},{"$f":"R110","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S110","v":"-1.06 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T110","v":"-2 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U110","v":30},{"$f":"V110","v":"Chang, Z., et al. (2017). \"The Tunable and Highly Selective Reduction Products on Ag@Cu Bimetallic Catalysts Toward CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction.\" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121(21): 11368-11379."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":0},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Prepared by high-energy ball milling CuO particles with Ag powders, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu(OD)0.9Ag0.1","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMVAGC Inc.","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Ir on GDL","?","?","CO","-0.57 V vs. RHE","-133 mA/cm2","30","Li, J., et al. (2023). \"Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu–Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 698.",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"Prepared by high-energy ball milling CuO particles with Ag powders, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D112","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E112","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F112","v":"Cu(OD)0.9Ag0.1"},{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J112","v":"Selemion AMVAGC Inc."},{"$f":"L112","v":0},{"$f":"O112","v":"Ir on GDL"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q112","v":"?"},{"$f":"R112","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S112","v":"-0.57 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T112","v":"-133 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U112","v":"30"},{"$f":"V112","v":"Li, J., et al. (2023). \"Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu–Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products.\" Nature Communications 14(1): 698."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":0},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"}]
["Alloyed by melting and cryogrinding, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?",null," ",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",30,"Nellaiappan, S., et al. (2020). \"High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization.\" ACS Catalysis 10(6): 3658-3663.",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Alloyed by melting and cryogrinding, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D114","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E114","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F114","v":"HEA"},{"$f":"H114","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J114","v":"?"},{"$f":"L114","v":" "},{"$f":"O114","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P114","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q114","v":"?"},{"$f":"R114","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S114","v":"-0.3 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T114","v":"-13 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U114","v":30},{"$f":"V114","v":"Nellaiappan, S., et al. (2020). \"High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization.\" ACS Catalysis 10(6): 3658-3663."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K114","v":0},{"$f":"M114","v":0},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu cubes were sythesised and then doped with AgNO3 solution, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O-Ag","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V vs. RHE","-233 mA/cm2",30,"Niu, D., et al. (2021). \"Cu2O-Ag Tandem Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2 Products.\" Molecules 26(8): 2175.",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Cu cubes were sythesised and then doped with AgNO3 solution, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D116","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E116","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F116","v":"Cu2O-Ag"},{"$f":"H116","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J116","v":"-"},{"$f":"L116","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O116","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P116","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q116","v":"?"},{"$f":"R116","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S116","v":"-1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T116","v":"-233 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U116","v":30},{"$f":"V116","v":"Niu, D., et al. (2021). \"Cu2O-Ag Tandem Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2 Products.\" Molecules 26(8): 2175."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Silicon wafers covered by Cu and Ag by reactive sputtering","Janus, two-phase","Cu, Ag, (Si)","?","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Co-sputter/Cu,Ag","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","?",null,null,"?","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-10 mA/cm2",30,"Lum, Y. and J. W. Ager (2018). \"Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu.\" Energy & Environmental Science 11(10): 2935-2944.",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Silicon wafers covered by Cu and Ag by reactive sputtering"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu, Ag, (Si)"},{"$f":"D118","v":"?"},{"$f":"E118","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F118","v":"Co-sputter/Cu,Ag"},{"$f":"H118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J118","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L118","v":"?"},{"$f":"O118","v":"?"},{"$f":"N118","v":0},{"$f":"P118","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q118","v":"?"},{"$f":"R118","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S118","v":"-1.0 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T118","v":"-10 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U118","v":30},{"$f":"V118","v":"Lum, Y. and J. W. Ager (2018). \"Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu.\" Energy & Environmental Science 11(10): 2935-2944."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":0},{"$f":"N118","v":0}]
["AgNO3 doping of CuO NP ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","10 Ag/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V vs. RHE","-52 mA/cm2",29,"Kim, Y. E., et al. (2023). \"Ag decorated-Cu2O catalysts with enhanced selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2+ products.\" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5): 111028.",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"AgNO3 doping of CuO NP "},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D120","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E120","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F120","v":"10 Ag/Cu2O"},{"$f":"H120","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J120","v":"Fumasep FAB–PK–130"},{"$f":"L120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O120","v":"Pt coil"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q120","v":"?"},{"$f":"R120","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S120","v":"-0.99 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T120","v":"-52 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U120","v":29},{"$f":"V120","v":"Kim, Y. E., et al. (2023). \"Ag decorated-Cu2O catalysts with enhanced selectivity for CO2 electroreduction toward C2+ products.\" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5): 111028."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M120","v":0},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ag alloy (95:5), on GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","AF1-HNN8-50-X","(AEM)","0.25 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-100\nmA/cm2",28,"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021).",null,{"$f":"A122","v":"400 nm thick evaporated Cu/Ag alloy (95:5), on GDL"},{"$f":"C122","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D122","v":"-"},{"$f":"E122","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F122","v":"Ag/Cu_sputtered"},{"$f":"H122","v":"-"},{"$f":"J122","v":"AF1-HNN8-50-X"},{"$f":"L122","v":"0.25 M KOH"},{"$f":"O122","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P122","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q122","v":"?"},{"$f":"R122","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S122","v":"?"},{"$f":"T122","v":"-100\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U122","v":28},{"$f":"V122","v":"S. E. Weitzner et al., Evaluating the stability and activity of dilute Cu-based alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Journal of Chemical Physics 155,  (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G122","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I122","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K122","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag alloy shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",28,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A124","v":"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag alloy shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C124","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D124","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E124","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F124","v":"AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC"},{"$f":"H124","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J124","v":"\"Nafion\" "},{"$f":"L124","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O124","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P124","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q124","v":"?"},{"$f":"R124","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S124","v":"-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T124","v":"?"},{"$f":"U124","v":28},{"$f":"V124","v":"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G124","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K124","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sytheses of NP with in AgNO3 and Cu(acac)2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","(AgCu)50-2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?",null,"2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.77 V vs. RHE","-6 mA/cm2",27,"Zha, J., et al. (2023). \"Surface Site-Specific Replacement for Catalysis Selectivity Switching.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15(3): 3985-3992.",null,{"$f":"A126","v":"Sytheses of NP with in AgNO3 and Cu(acac)2, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C126","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D126","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E126","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F126","v":"(AgCu)50-2"},{"$f":"H126","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J126","v":"?"},{"$f":"L126","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O126","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P126","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q126","v":"?"},{"$f":"R126","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S126","v":"-0.77 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T126","v":"-6 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U126","v":27},{"$f":"V126","v":"Zha, J., et al. (2023). \"Surface Site-Specific Replacement for Catalysis Selectivity Switching.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15(3): 3985-3992."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G126","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I126","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K126","v":0},{"$f":"M126","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Cu−Ag NCs synthesized by galvanic exchange of Cu(0) with Ag-trifluoroacetate (Ag-TFA), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Ag0.15/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion DSVN","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","carbon cloth",25,"?","CO2","-1.13 V vs. RHE","-288 mA/cm2",26,"Choukroun, D., et al. (2021). \"Mapping Composition–Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu–Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction.\" ACS Nano 15(9): 14858-14872.",null,{"$f":"A128","v":"Cu−Ag NCs synthesized by galvanic exchange of Cu(0) with Ag-trifluoroacetate (Ag-TFA), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C128","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D128","v":"-"},{"$f":"E128","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F128","v":"Cu/Ag0.15/C"},{"$f":"H128","v":"1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J128","v":"Selemion DSVN"},{"$f":"L128","v":"?"},{"$f":"O128","v":"carbon cloth"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P128","v":25},{"$f":"Q128","v":"?"},{"$f":"R128","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S128","v":"-1.13 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T128","v":"-288 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U128","v":26},{"$f":"V128","v":"Choukroun, D., et al. (2021). \"Mapping Composition–Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu–Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction.\" ACS Nano 15(9): 14858-14872."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G128","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I128","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K128","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M128","v":0},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu9Ag1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_Ag/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.65 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",25,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A130","v":"Cu9Ag1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C130","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D130","v":"-"},{"$f":"E130","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F130","v":"Non-EQ_Ag/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H130","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J130","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L130","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O130","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P130","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q130","v":"?"},{"$f":"R130","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S130","v":"-0.65 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T130","v":"-25\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U130","v":25},{"$f":"V130","v":"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G130","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I130","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K130","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M130","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu coated Ag core shell, on a GDL","Core-shell, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","PTFE powder","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag core / porous Cu shell","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)",null,null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V vs. RHE","-137 mA/cm2",23,"Junqueira, J. R. C., et al. (2021). \"Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" ChemElectroChem 8(24): 4848-4853.",null,{"$f":"A132","v":"Cu coated Ag core shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C132","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D132","v":"PTFE powder"},{"$f":"E132","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F132","v":"Ag core / porous Cu shell"},{"$f":"H132","v":"1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J132","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L132","v":0},{"$f":"O132","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},{"$f":"P132","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q132","v":"?"},{"$f":"R132","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S132","v":"-0.8 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T132","v":"-137 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U132","v":23},{"$f":"V132","v":"Junqueira, J. R. C., et al. (2021). \"Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction.\" ChemElectroChem 8(24): 4848-4853."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G132","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I132","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K132","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M132","v":0},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"}]
["Galvanic replacement from Cu to Ag to achieve in situ formation of CuAg ensembles","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu9Ag1 NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V vs. RHE","-2 mA/cm2",22,"Choi, C., et al. (2021). \"Intimate atomic Cu-Ag interfaces for high CO2RR selectivity towards CH4 at low over potential.\" Nano Research 14(10): 3497-3501.",null,{"$f":"A134","v":"Galvanic replacement from Cu to Ag to achieve in situ formation of CuAg ensembles"},{"$f":"C134","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D134","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E134","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F134","v":"Cu9Ag1 NWs"},{"$f":"H134","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J134","v":"?"},{"$f":"L134","v":"?"},{"$f":"O134","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P134","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q134","v":"?"},{"$f":"R134","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S134","v":"-1.12 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T134","v":"-2 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U134","v":22},{"$f":"V134","v":"Choi, C., et al. (2021). \"Intimate atomic Cu-Ag interfaces for high CO2RR selectivity towards CH4 at low over potential.\" Nano Research 14(10): 3497-3501."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G134","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I134","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K134","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M134","v":0},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu57Ag43_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","?",null,"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-15 mA/cm2",13,"Wei, D., et al. (2023). \"Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Ag−Cu Bimetallic Surface Alloys for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62(19): e202217369.",null,{"$f":"A136","v":"Cu/Ag alloy NPs synthesized by polyol method, dropped on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C136","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D136","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E136","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F136","v":"Cu57Ag43_NPs"},{"$f":"H136","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J136","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L136","v":"?"},{"$f":"O136","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P136","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q136","v":"?"},{"$f":"R136","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S136","v":" -1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T136","v":"-15 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U136","v":13},{"$f":"V136","v":"Wei, D., et al. (2023). \"Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Ag−Cu Bimetallic Surface Alloys for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.\" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62(19): e202217369."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G136","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K136","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M136","v":0},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V vs. RHE","-8 mA/cm2",49,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A138","v":"Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C138","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D138","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E138","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F138","v":"Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J138","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O138","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N138","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P138","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q138","v":"?"},{"$f":"R138","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S138","v":" -0.7 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T138","v":"-8 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U138","v":49},{"$f":"V138","v":"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G138","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I138","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K138","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M138","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Homogenously dispersed Cu/Ag NPs in carbon matrix obtained via pyrolizing MOF-precursor, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon/Ag, Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V vs. RHE","-200 mA/cm2",56,"Sun, B. et al. Metal-organic framework-derived silver/copper-oxide catalyst for boosting the productivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalysis to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 679, 615-623, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.014 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A142","v":"Ag surface-mofied CuO MPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C142","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D142","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E142","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F142","v":"Ag/CuO_MPs"},{"$f":"H142","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J142","v":"\"Nafion\" "},{"$f":"L142","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O142","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P142","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q142","v":"?"},{"$f":"R142","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S142","v":" -1.1 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T142","v":"-13 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U142","v":40},{"$f":"V142","v":"Xu, J. et al. Ag-Precipitated CuO Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Sustainability 16, 5888 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G142","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I142","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K142","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M142","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag surface-mofied CuO MPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.1 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",40,"Xu, J. et al. Ag-Precipitated CuO Nanospheres for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Sustainability 16, 5888 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A144","v":"Ag NPs with a porous (40 nm thick) Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C144","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D144","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E144","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F144","v":"Cu2O/Ag_core"},{"$f":"H144","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J144","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L144","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O144","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P144","v":25},{"$f":"Q144","v":1},{"$f":"R144","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S144","v":" -1.6 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T144","v":"-21 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U144","v":41},{"$f":"V144","v":"Lu, Y. et al. Confinement Catalysis of Reaction Intermediates in Ag@Cu2O Cascade Nanoreactors toward Boosted Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Catal 14, 14744-14753, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c04115 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G144","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I144","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K144","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M144","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag NPs with a porous (40 nm thick) Cu2O shell, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu2O/Ag_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2"," -1.6 V vs. RHE","-21 mA/cm2",41,"Lu, Y. et al. Confinement Catalysis of Reaction Intermediates in Ag@Cu2O Cascade Nanoreactors toward Boosted Electrochemical C–C Coupling. ACS Catal 14, 14744-14753, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c04115 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A146","v":"Ag NPs (25 wt%) anchored on Cu NWs with a 4, 4’-bipyridine linker, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C146","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D146","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E146","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F146","v":"Ag/Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H146","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J146","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L146","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O146","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P146","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q146","v":"?"},{"$f":"R146","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S146","v":"-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T146","v":"?"},{"$f":"U146","v":32},{"$f":"V146","v":"Gao, X. et al. Intermediate-regulated dynamic restructuring at Ag-Cu biphasic interface enables selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ fuels. Nature Communications 15, 10331, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G146","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I146","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K146","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M146","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag NPs (25 wt%) anchored on Cu NWs with a 4, 4’-bipyridine linker, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",32,"Gao, X. et al. Intermediate-regulated dynamic restructuring at Ag-Cu biphasic interface enables selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ fuels. Nature Communications 15, 10331, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A148","v":"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL"},{"$f":"C148","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D148","v":"Polyvinylidene difluoride"},{"$f":"E148","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F148","v":"Ag/Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H148","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J148","v":"? Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L148","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O148","v":"? Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N148","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P148","v":25},{"$f":"Q148","v":"?"},{"$f":"R148","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S148","v":"-1.48 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T148","v":"-500 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U148","v":40},{"$f":"V148","v":"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G148","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I148","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K148","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M148","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N148","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.48 V vs. RHE","-500 mA/cm2",40,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A150","v":"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL"},{"$f":"C150","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D150","v":"Polyvinylidene difluoride"},{"$f":"E150","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F150","v":"Ag/Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H150","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J150","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L150","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O150","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N150","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P150","v":25},{"$f":"Q150","v":"?"},{"$f":"R150","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S150","v":"-1.3 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T150","v":"-33 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U150","v":42},{"$f":"V150","v":"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G150","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I150","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K150","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M150","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N150","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",42,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A152","v":"Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL"},{"$f":"C152","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D152","v":"Polyvinylidene difluoride"},{"$f":"E152","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F152","v":"Ag/Cu_NWs"},{"$f":"H152","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J152","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L152","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O152","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N152","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P152","v":25},{"$f":"Q152","v":"?"},{"$f":"R152","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S152","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T152","v":"?"},{"$f":"U152","v":40},{"$f":"V152","v":"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G152","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I152","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K152","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M152","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N152","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag-doped porous Cu NWs supported on CNPs (Ketjen 600C), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, C","Polyvinylidene difluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO","-1.2 V vs. RHE","?",40,"Fu, J. et al. Unveiling the Interfacial Species Synergy in Promoting CO2 Tandem Electrocatalysis in Near-Neutral Electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 23625-23632, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c08844 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A154","v":"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C154","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D154","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E154","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F154","v":"Ag/C/CuOx"},{"$f":"H154","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J154","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L154","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O154","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N154","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P154","v":25},{"$f":"Q154","v":"?"},{"$f":"R154","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S154","v":"-1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T154","v":"-61 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U154","v":50},{"$f":"V154","v":"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G154","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I154","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K154","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M154","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N154","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-61 mA/cm2",50,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A156","v":"In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C156","v":"Cu, Ag, C"},{"$f":"D156","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E156","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F156","v":"Ag/C/CuOx"},{"$f":"H156","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J156","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L156","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O156","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N156","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P156","v":25},{"$f":"Q156","v":"?"},{"$f":"R156","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S156","v":"-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T156","v":"-85†_Cu-Ag,1 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U156","v":58},{"$f":"V156","v":"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G156","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I156","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K156","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M156","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N156","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["In-situ reduced Cu2CO3(OH)2/AgCl/C composite pre-catalyts (1.28 at.% Ag), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-85†_Cu-Ag,1 mA/cm2",58,"Duan, H. et al. In-situ electrochemical interface of Cu@Ag/C towards the ethylene electrosynthesis with adequate *CO supply. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 292-299, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.047 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A158","v":"Ag-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)"},{"$f":"C158","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D158","v":"-"},{"$f":"E158","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F158","v":"Ag/Cu_sputter"},{"$f":"H158","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J158","v":"?"},{"$f":"L158","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O158","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N158","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P158","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q158","v":"?"},{"$f":"R158","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S158","v":"?"},{"$f":"T158","v":"-300\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U158","v":28},{"$f":"V158","v":"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G158","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I158","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K158","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M158","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N158","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Ag-doped Cu prepared via co-sputtering on GDL (30 T)","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu_sputter","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",28,"Zhai, Z. et al. Heteroatom-induced tensile strain in copper lattice boosts CO2 electroreduction toward multi-carbon products. Carbon Energy n/a, e648, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.648.",null,{"$f":"A160","v":"Defective Ag NPs obtained from in-situ reduction of AgIO3 NSs mixed with CuO NSs (Cu:Ag ratio of 6), deposited on a GDL"},{"$f":"C160","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D160","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E160","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F160","v":"AgIO3-NS/CuO_NS"},{"$f":"H160","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)"},{"$f":"J160","v":"-"},{"$f":"L160","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)"},{"$f":"O160","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N160","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P160","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q160","v":"?"},{"$f":"R160","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S160","v":"-2.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T160","v":"-1200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U160","v":48},{"$f":"V160","v":"Yang, R. et al. Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2414642, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414642."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G160","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I160","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K160","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M160","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N160","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Defective Ag NPs obtained from in-situ reduction of AgIO3 NSs mixed with CuO NSs (Cu:Ag ratio of 6), deposited on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgIO3-NS/CuO_NS","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M K2SO4 + x mM H2SO4 (pH 1.0)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-2.0 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1200\nmA/cm2",48,"Yang, R. et al. Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction. Advanced Materials n/a, 2414642, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414642.",null,{"$f":"A162","v":"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)"},{"$f":"C162","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D162","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E162","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F162","v":"Ag/CuO_NPs"},{"$f":"H162","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J162","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L162","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O162","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N162","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P162","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q162","v":"?"},{"$f":"R162","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S162","v":"?"},{"$f":"T162","v":"-650 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U162","v":66},{"$f":"V162","v":"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G162","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I162","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K162","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M162","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N162","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",66,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",null,{"$f":"A164","v":"Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)"},{"$f":"C164","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D164","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E164","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F164","v":"Ag/CuO_NPs"},{"$f":"H164","v":"3.0 M KOH "},{"$f":"J164","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L164","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O164","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N164","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P164","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q164","v":"?"},{"$f":"R164","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S164","v":"?"},{"$f":"T164","v":"-650 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U164","v":68},{"$f":"V164","v":"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066."}]
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["Ag flakes (10 mass% vs. Cu) supported on Cu2O NPs (12 nm), on a GDL (YLS-30 T)","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH ","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-650 mA/cm2",68,"Wei, Z. et al. Constructing Ag/Cu2O Interface for Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202417066, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202417066.",null,{"$f":"A166","v":"5 nm Ag layer sputter-deposited on Cu sputtered (100 nm) GDL"},{"$f":"C166","v":"Cu, Ag"},{"$f":"D166","v":"-"},{"$f":"E166","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F166","v":"Ag/Cu"},{"$f":"H166","v":"-"},{"$f":"J166","v":"?"},{"$f":"L166","v":"?"},{"$f":"O166","v":"?"},{"$f":"N166","v":"?"},{"$f":"P166","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q166","v":"?"},{"$f":"R166","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S166","v":" -2.82 V vs. ANODE"},{"$f":"T166","v":"-200 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U166","v":31},{"$f":"V166","v":"Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk Layering Effects of Ag and Cu for Tandem CO2 Electrolysis. ChemSusChem n/a, e202401769, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401769."}]
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["5 nm Ag layer sputter-deposited on Cu sputtered (100 nm) GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","?","CO2"," -2.82 V vs. ANODE","-200 mA/cm2",31,"Sassenburg, M., Iglesias van Montfort, H. P., Kolobov, N., Smith, W. A. & Burdyny, T. Bulk Layering Effects of Ag and Cu for Tandem CO2 Electrolysis. ChemSusChem n/a, e202401769, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401769.",null,{"$f":"A168","v":"Ag-doped (2%) Cu2O NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C168","v":"Cu, Ag, O"},{"$f":"D168","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E168","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F168","v":"Ag/Cu2O_NPs"},{"$f":"H168","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J168","v":"?"},{"$f":"L168","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O168","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N168","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P168","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q168","v":"?"},{"$f":"R168","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S168","v":"-0.74 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T168","v":"-1350 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U168","v":43},{"$f":"V168","v":"Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y. & Lin, B.-L. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol via the Synergistic Effect of Cu–Ag Bimetallic Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 14045-14052, doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 (2022)."}]
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["Ag-doped (2%) Cu2O NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.74 V vs. RHE","-1350 mA/cm2",43,"Tang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Qian, Y. & Lin, B.-L. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol via the Synergistic Effect of Cu–Ag Bimetallic Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials 5, 14045-14052, doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c02595 (2022).",null,{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}}]
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["Mixed Ag/Cu-melamine complex, on carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ag","Nafion, melamine","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag-Cu_melamine","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V vs. RHE","-50 mA/cm2",35,"Suliman, M. H. et al. CO2 electroreduction to C2 products on bimetallic silver copper melamine complexes. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 14, 100355, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100355 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A172","v":0},{"$f":"C172","v":0},{"$f":"D172","v":0},{"$f":"E172","v":0},{"$f":"F172","v":0},{"$f":"H172","v":0},{"$f":"J172","v":0},{"$f":"L172","v":0},{"$f":"O172","v":0},{"$f":"N172","v":0},{"$f":"P172","v":0},{"$f":"Q172","v":0},{"$f":"R172","v":0},{"$f":"S172","v":0},{"$f":"T172","v":0},{"$f":"U172","v":0},{"$f":"V172","v":0}]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Bi-phasic/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["ZrO2 supported on Cu-Cu2O NPs prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",63,"P.-P. Guo et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Green Chemistry 24, 1527-1533 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"ZrO2 supported on Cu-Cu2O NPs prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O_NP"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",63,"P.-P. Guo et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over ZrO2/Cu-Cu2O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Green Chemistry 24, 1527-1533 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt (?)"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.10 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt (?)",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt (?)"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper","Bi-phasic/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-250\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"NPs composed of a mix of ZrO2 and CuO,  prepared via co-precipitation, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mixed_ZrO2/CuO",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},1,"CO2","?","-250\nmA/cm2",55,"X. Li et al., Selective Electroreduction of CO2 and CO to C2H4 by Synergistically Tuning Nanocavities and the Surface Charge of Copper Oxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 6466-6475 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Porous ZrO2 layer on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",44,"X. Li et al., Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes. Chem 8, 2148-2162 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Porous ZrO2 layer on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",44,"X. Li et al., Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes. Chem 8, 2148-2162 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Porous ZrO2 layer prepared via decomposition of  UiO‑66 (Zr-based MOF, 0.25 mg/cm2), on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air","Cu with overlayer","Cu, Zr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Li et al., Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 14, 134 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Porous ZrO2 layer prepared via decomposition of  UiO‑66 (Zr-based MOF, 0.25 mg/cm2), on top of Cu plate - dropcast with Nafion binder, dried on hotplate at 110 C in air"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Overlayer_ZrO2/Cu-plate2",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-26\nmA/cm2",43,"X. Li et al., Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products. Nano-Micro Letters 14, 134 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:1/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-102\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:1/Zr-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-102\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Zr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Zr/Cu (1:1 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Zr-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-170\nmA/cm2",15,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Zr(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",17,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Zr(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Zr, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H34","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",17,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in a Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline, MOF","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","?: -1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-125\nmA/cm2",62,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in a Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/Zr-MOF",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},1,"CO","?: -1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-125\nmA/cm2",62,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",34,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Zr-MOF",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",34,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs mixed with amorphous ZrO2, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph-ZrO2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Pt-Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",36,"Kim, D., Yun, H., Kim, J., Lee, C. W. & Hwang, Y. J. Enhanced C–C coupling of Cu-based catalysts via zirconia-driven carbonate interaction for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 23780-23788, doi:10.1039/D4TA04707A (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"CuO NPs mixed with amorphous ZrO2, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Amorph-ZrO2/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H40","v":"-"},{"$f":"J40","v":"X37-50 Grade RT"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"IrO2/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-4.0 V\nvs. ANODE","-182\nmA/cm2",36,"Kim, D., Yun, H., Kim, J., Lee, C. W. & Hwang, Y. J. Enhanced C–C coupling of Cu-based catalysts via zirconia-driven carbonate interaction for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 23780-23788, doi:10.1039/D4TA04707A (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["(SAA, ca. 2 at.%) Zr-doped Cu NPs mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zr-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-730\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic Electroconversion of CO2-to-n-Propanol Over Atomically Dispersed Lewis Acid Zr-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2418727, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418727.",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"(SAA, ca. 2 at.%) Zr-doped Cu NPs mixed with CNPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zr-SAA/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-730\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhou, L. et al. Synergistic Electroconversion of CO2-to-n-Propanol Over Atomically Dispersed Lewis Acid Zr-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2418727, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418727."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Hf/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Hf","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Hf-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",13,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Hf/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Hf"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Hf-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",13,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Hf, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",49,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on glassy carbon (?)"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Hf, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Hf, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Co-precipitated HfOx and CuOx (2:3 ratio) mixed NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Hf, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","HfOx/CuOx",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1  M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"?"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1  M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},1,"CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Li et al., Engineering the CuO–HfO2 interface toward enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 58, 7412-7415 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hf-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Hf, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hf/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",42,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Hf-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Hf, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hf/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H26","v":"-"},{"$f":"J26","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":55},"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-400\nmA/cm2",42,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Bi-phasic/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Single atom Cu supported on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, on carbon paper","Single atom","Cu, C, Ti","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC_Ti3C2Tx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",71,"H. Bao et al., Isolated copper single sites for high-performance electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 12, 238 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Single atom Cu supported on ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, C, Ti"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Cu-SAC_Ti3C2Tx"},{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",71,"H. Bao et al., Isolated copper single sites for high-performance electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multicarbon products. Nature Communications 12, 238 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Electroplated Cu on metallic Ti nanotube-functionalized Ti foil","A-supports-B","Cu, Ti","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ti_NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-12\nmA/cm2",55,"A. Stalinraja et al., Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu doped titanium nanotubes—An insight on ethylene selectivity. Electrochimica Acta 431, 141078 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Electroplated Cu on metallic Ti nanotube-functionalized Ti foil"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Ti"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-on-Ti_NTs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J20","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-12\nmA/cm2",55,"A. Stalinraja et al., Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu doped titanium nanotubes—An insight on ethylene selectivity. Electrochimica Acta 431, 141078 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["TiO2 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",15,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"TiO2 overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H22","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",15,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["TiO2/sustainion toplayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/Sustainion/Cu_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?",10,"CO2","-3.00 V\nvs. ANODE","-261\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Xu et al., Oxygen-tolerant electroproduction of C2 products from simulated flue gas. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 554-561 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"TiO2/sustainion toplayer on a Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"Sustainion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/Sustainion/Cu_PTFE",{"$f":"H24","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"-"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},10,"CO2","-3.00 V\nvs. ANODE","-261\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Xu et al., Oxygen-tolerant electroproduction of C2 products from simulated flue gas. Energy & Environmental Science 13, 554-561 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["TiO2 NP overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2_over/Cu-sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"TiO2 NP overlayer on top of Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2_over/Cu-sputtered",{"$f":"H26","v":"? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"? 0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Z. Wang et al., Localized Alkaline Environment via In Situ Electrostatic Confinement for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Medium. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 6339-6348 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu nanoclusters encapsulated in Ti-based MOF, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ti, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",48,"Fan, X. et al. Biomimetic Cu4 Cluster Encapsulated within Hollow Titanium-Oxo Nanoring for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS Materials Letters 5, 1527-1531, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00101 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu nanoclusters encapsulated in Ti-based MOF, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti_MOF",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"-"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",48,"Fan, X. et al. Biomimetic Cu4 Cluster Encapsulated within Hollow Titanium-Oxo Nanoring for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene. ACS Materials Letters 5, 1527-1531, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00101 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NPs (40 wt%) supported on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 nanoflakes, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti407","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",31,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Cu NPs (40 wt%) supported on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 nanoflakes, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Ti407",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",31,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on TiO2 NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/TiO2_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-116\nmA/cm2",29,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416.",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on TiO2 NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Ti, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/TiO2_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-116\nmA/cm2",29,"Hu, X. et al. Establishing Non-Stoichiometric Ti4O7 Assisted Asymmetrical C−C Coupling for Highly Energy-Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202414416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202414416."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},{"$f":"D40","v":0},{"$f":"E40","v":0},{"$f":"F40","v":0},{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},{"$f":"Q40","v":0},{"$f":"R40","v":0},{"$f":"S40","v":0},{"$f":"T40","v":0},{"$f":"U40","v":0},{"$f":"V40","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},{"$f":"D42","v":0},{"$f":"E42","v":0},{"$f":"F42","v":0},{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},{"$f":"Q42","v":0},{"$f":"R42","v":0},{"$f":"S42","v":0},{"$f":"T42","v":0},{"$f":"U42","v":0},{"$f":"V42","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},{"$f":"D44","v":0},{"$f":"E44","v":0},{"$f":"F44","v":0},{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},{"$f":"Q44","v":0},{"$f":"R44","v":0},{"$f":"S44","v":0},{"$f":"T44","v":0},{"$f":"U44","v":0},{"$f":"V44","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},{"$f":"D46","v":0},{"$f":"E46","v":0},{"$f":"F46","v":0},{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},{"$f":"Q46","v":0},{"$f":"R46","v":0},{"$f":"S46","v":0},{"$f":"T46","v":0},{"$f":"U46","v":0},{"$f":"V46","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},{"$f":"D48","v":0},{"$f":"E48","v":0},{"$f":"F48","v":0},{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},{"$f":"Q48","v":0},{"$f":"R48","v":0},{"$f":"S48","v":0},{"$f":"T48","v":0},{"$f":"U48","v":0},{"$f":"V48","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},{"$f":"D50","v":0},{"$f":"E50","v":0},{"$f":"F50","v":0},{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},{"$f":"Q50","v":0},{"$f":"R50","v":0},{"$f":"S50","v":0},{"$f":"T50","v":0},{"$f":"U50","v":0},{"$f":"V50","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},{"$f":"D52","v":0},{"$f":"E52","v":0},{"$f":"F52","v":0},{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},{"$f":"Q52","v":0},{"$f":"R52","v":0},{"$f":"S52","v":0},{"$f":"T52","v":0},{"$f":"U52","v":0},{"$f":"V52","v":0}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0}]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Homogeneously dispersed Si(II)Ox clusters with Cu NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Aquivion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-331\nmA/cm2",65,"J. Li et al., Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nature Communications 12, 2808 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Homogeneously dispersed Si(II)Ox clusters with Cu NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Aquivion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"-"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-4.1 V\nvs. ANODE","-331\nmA/cm2",65,"J. Li et al., Silica-copper catalyst interfaces enable carbon-carbon coupling towards ethylene electrosynthesis. Nature Communications 12, 2808 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Branched/’spikey’, amorphous sub-micron SiOx particles decorated with amorphous CuO NPs (18.52 wt%), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",46,"R. Yang et al., Amorphous urchin-like copper@nanosilica hybrid for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 61, 290-296 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Branched/’spikey’, amorphous sub-micron SiOx particles decorated with amorphous CuO NPs (18.52 wt%), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"?"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",46,"R. Yang et al., Amorphous urchin-like copper@nanosilica hybrid for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 61, 290-296 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Small CuO NPs (<5 nm) dispersed on (amorphous) CuSiO3 lamella, mixed with Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx_NSs/CuO_NPs/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Yuan et al., Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angewandte Chemie 133, 15472-15475 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Small CuO NPs (<5 nm) dispersed on (amorphous) CuSiO3 lamella, mixed with Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Si, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx_NSs/CuO_NPs/C",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Yuan et al., Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angewandte Chemie 133, 15472-15475 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported in/on fibrous SiO2 nanospheres (500 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx-fibrous/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",53,"Z. Yang et al., High dispersion dendritic fibrous morphology nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 650, 1446-1456 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NPs supported in/on fibrous SiO2 nanospheres (500 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiOx-fibrous/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"-"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",53,"Z. Yang et al., High dispersion dendritic fibrous morphology nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 650, 1446-1456 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SiO2 NPs supported on Cu2O NCs through physical mixing (10:2 mL basis), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",47,"T. Zhao et al., Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu2O with SiO2 to Enhance C2+ Product Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 13, 4444-4453 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"SiO2 NPs supported on Cu2O NCs through physical mixing (10:2 mL basis), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","SiOx-on-CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",47,"T. Zhao et al., Tailoring the Catalytic Microenvironment of Cu2O with SiO2 to Enhance C2+ Product Selectivity in CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 13, 4444-4453 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuSiO3 nanotube-assembled hollow spheres, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_spheres","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","?","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",41,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"CuSiO3 nanotube-assembled hollow spheres, on carbon fiber paper"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_spheres",{"$f":"H28","v":"?"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"?"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","?",41,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuSiO3 long nanotubes, on carbon fiber paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_nanotubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-19\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"CuSiO3 long nanotubes, on carbon fiber paper"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3_nanotubes",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-19\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Xu et al., Confinement and interface engineering of CuSiO3 nanotubes for enhancing CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Electrochimica Acta 470, 143291 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M CsBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M CsBr"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M CsBr"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",35,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"SiO2 NPs with thin Cu/Si shell prepared via H2 atmosphere annealing of CuSiO3@SiO2, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Si_shell/SiO2_core",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},1,"CO","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","?",35,"D. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Tuning of the Copper Surface Charge. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, 11451-11458 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Carbon/graphite toplayer on Cu2O dodecahedron NPs with a NH2-functionalized SiO2 shell supported on carbon midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O, N, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Si-NH2/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh (1500 mesh)","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-292\nmA/cm2",40,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., SiO2 assisted Cu0–Cu+–NH2 composite interfaces for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 1218-1232 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Carbon/graphite toplayer on Cu2O dodecahedron NPs with a NH2-functionalized SiO2 shell supported on carbon midlayer, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Si, O, N, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Si-NH2/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 211"},{"$f":"L36","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O36","v":"SS mesh (1500 mesh)"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-292\nmA/cm2",40,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., SiO2 assisted Cu0–Cu+–NH2 composite interfaces for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 1218-1232 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",56,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core",{"$f":"H38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J38","v":"?"},{"$f":"L38","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-380\nmA/cm2",56,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Cu2O octahedral NPs (800 nm) with a mesoporous SiO2 shell (25 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu2O_core",{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},"?","CO","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","?",38,"W.-F. Xiong et al., Steering CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity U-Turn to Ethylene by Cu–Si Bonded Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 289-297 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on carbon paper","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Si, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on \"GDE\"","Core/shell, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Si, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.18 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",82,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508.",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"CuSiO3 coated on ordered porous\nCuO prepared from mesoporous SiO2 molecular sieve starting material, supported on carbon, on \"GDE\""},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Si, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuSiO3/CuO_sieve",{"$f":"H44","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J44","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L44","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.18 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",82,"Q. Li et al., Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores. Advanced Materials n/a, 2305508."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["H2-annealed Cu-doped SiOx NPs (thermal treatment results in Cu aggregation), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx/SiO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"X. Tan et al., Stabilizing Copper by a Reconstruction-Resistant Atomic Cu–O–Si Interface for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8656-8664 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"H2-annealed Cu-doped SiOx NPs (thermal treatment results in Cu aggregation), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Si, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuOx/SiO2_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","?",37,"X. Tan et al., Stabilizing Copper by a Reconstruction-Resistant Atomic Cu–O–Si Interface for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8656-8664 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell (3.4 nm) around Cu NP core (<90 nm) (1% Si), on GDL","Core/Shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.5 M K2SO4 + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-2.2 V\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",35,"M. Wang et al., Hydrophobic SiO2 Armor: Stabilizing Cuδ+ to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS Nano,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell (3.4 nm) around Cu NP core (<90 nm) (1% Si), on GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Si"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2_shell/Cu_core",{"$f":"H48","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J48","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.5 M K2SO4 + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O48","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},"?","CO2","-2.2 V\nvs. RHE","-900\nmA/cm2",35,"M. Wang et al., Hydrophobic SiO2 Armor: Stabilizing Cuδ+ to Enhance CO2 Electroreduction toward C2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS Nano,  (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs with a hydrophobic polymer coating consisting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hydrophobic/Si/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-Grade 50 RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFe/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-3.81 V\nvs. ANODE","-450\nmA/cm2",42,"T. Zhao et al., Functionalizing Cu nanoparticles with fluoric polymer to enhance C2+ product selectivity in membraned CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 340, 123281 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Commercial Cu NPs with a hydrophobic polymer coating consisting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), on GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Si"},"Nafion, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),  2,2,2-\ntrifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Hydrophobic/Si/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"-"},{"$f":"J50","v":"X37-Grade 50 RT"},{"$f":"L50","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"NiFe/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-3.81 V\nvs. ANODE","-450\nmA/cm2",42,"T. Zhao et al., Functionalizing Cu nanoparticles with fluoric polymer to enhance C2+ product selectivity in membraned CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 340, 123281 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuOx impregnated in mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) mixed with PTFE, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Si","Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","mesoporous-SiO2/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fuma FAA-PK-13","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",28,"Cheng, L. et al. Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Performance through Si-Doped CuO: Stabilization of Cu+/Cu0 Sites and Improved C2 Product Selectivity. ACS Catal 14, 10324-10333, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c01961 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"CuOx impregnated in mesoporous SiO2 template (KIT-6) mixed with PTFE, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Si"},"Nafion, PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","mesoporous-SiO2/CuOx",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Fuma FAA-PK-13"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",28,"Cheng, L. et al. Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Performance through Si-Doped CuO: Stabilization of Cu+/Cu0 Sites and Improved C2 Product Selectivity. ACS Catal 14, 10324-10333, doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c01961 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Core/shell system comprising Cu2O NPs (ca. 200 nm) with an SiO2 shell (15 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Si","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2-shell/Cu2O_core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",54,"Wang, Y. et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2404606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404606.",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Core/shell system comprising Cu2O NPs (ca. 200 nm) with an SiO2 shell (15 nm), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Si"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SiO2-shell/Cu2O_core",{"$f":"H54","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.5 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O54","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.45 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",54,"Wang, Y. et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products Over Cu2O@Mesoporous SiO2 Confined Catalyst: Relevance of the Shell Thickness. Advanced Energy Materials n/a, 2404606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404606."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
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["†_Cu-Ce,1Conflicting information (main text vs. figure) in document, report here number given in main text","Core/shell"]
["†_Cu-Ce,2Text and figure information does not match, report here the numbers provided in the text","Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu-doped CeOx nanorods, on glassy carbon - prepared via deposition-precipitation method and subsequent annealing step","Alloyed/Doped","Ce, O, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"D. Wu et al., Cuprous ions embedded in ceria lattice for selective and stable electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 9373-9377 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu-doped CeOx nanorods, on glassy carbon - prepared via deposition-precipitation method and subsequent annealing step"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Ce, O, Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",48,"D. Wu et al., Cuprous ions embedded in ceria lattice for selective and stable electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 9373-9377 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ce(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Ce(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.64 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",39,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu/CeOx bi-phasic heterodimers (24 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ce(OH)x-Janus_like/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",31,"S. B. Varandili et al., Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 9, 5035-5046 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Cu/CeOx bi-phasic heterodimers (24 nm), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ce(OH)x-Janus_like/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-1\nmA/cm2",31,"S. B. Varandili et al., Synthesis of Cu/CeO2-x Nanocrystalline Heterodimers with Interfacial Active Sites To Promote CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 9, 5035-5046 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx/CeOx mixed-phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuO_NPs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Chu et al., Stabilization of Cu+ by tuning a CuO–CeO2 interface for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6540-6546 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"CuOx/CeOx mixed-phase supported on carbon black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Ce, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuO_NPs/CNPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Chu et al., Stabilization of Cu+ by tuning a CuO–CeO2 interface for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Green Chemistry 22, 6540-6546 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs (5 nm) supported on rod-shaped CeO2 particles, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-rod/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",39,"X. L. Senlin Chu, Alex W. Robertson, Zhenyu Sun, Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene over CeO2-Supported Cu Nanoparticles: Effect of Exposed Facets of CeO2. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 37, 2009023- (2021).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cu NPs (5 nm) supported on rod-shaped CeO2 particles, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-rod/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",39,"X. L. Senlin Chu, Alex W. Robertson, Zhenyu Sun, Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene over CeO2-Supported Cu Nanoparticles: Effect of Exposed Facets of CeO2. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 37, 2009023- (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",70,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",70,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-110\nmA/cm2",78,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Hollow Cu/CeO2 nanotubes composed of aggregated nanoparticles, on carbon paper - prepared by decorating electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres with metal and burning away the PAN"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_hollow-NTs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-110\nmA/cm2",78,"D. Tan, B. Wulan, X. Cao, J. Zhang, Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene. Nano Energy 89, 106460 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CeO2 NPs (5 nm) supported on CuO NPs, on PTFE GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-on-CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.12 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1214\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Yan et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on CeO2 modified CuO. Chemical Science 12, 6638-6645 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"CeO2 NPs (5 nm) supported on CuO NPs, on PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx-on-CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.12 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1214\nmA/cm2",48,"X. Yan et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on CeO2 modified CuO. Chemical Science 12, 6638-6645 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CeO2 NPs  overlayer interfaced with CuOx layer, on Cu foil - prepared via drop-casting and drying at 110 C","Overlayer","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2-overlayer/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",38,"Z. Zhao, X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, H. B. Wu, CeO2-modified Cu electrode for efficient CO2 electroreduction to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 54, 101741 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"CeO2 NPs  overlayer interfaced with CuOx layer, on Cu foil - prepared via drop-casting and drying at 110 C"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2-overlayer/Cu_foil",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",38,"Z. Zhao, X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, H. B. Wu, CeO2-modified Cu electrode for efficient CO2 electroreduction to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 54, 101741 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NSs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",45,"H.-D. Cai et al., Tuning the Interactions in CuO Nanosheet-Decorated CeO2 Nanorods for Controlling the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methane or Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, 7259-7267 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Cu NSs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.27 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",45,"H.-D. Cai et al., Tuning the Interactions in CuO Nanosheet-Decorated CeO2 Nanorods for Controlling the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methane or Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, 7259-7267 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx overlayer on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/CeO2_NR-core","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.16 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Chu et al., Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via strong metal-support interaction. Green Energy & Environment 7, 792-798 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"CuOx overlayer on CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/CeO2_NR-core",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.16 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"M. Chu et al., Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via strong metal-support interaction. Green Energy & Environment 7, 792-798 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mixed-phase CuOx/CeO2 NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni net","?","?","CO2","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Shan et al., Effective CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4 boosted by Ce-doped Cu nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133769 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Mixed-phase CuOx/CeO2 NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H40","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J40","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Ni net"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.68 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",53,"J. Shan et al., Effective CO2 electroreduction toward C2H4 boosted by Ce-doped Cu nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 433, 133769 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CeO2 quantum dots (3 nm) supported on irregularly shaped CuO NPs (200 nm), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-QD/CuO_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Wang et al., Efficiently Electroreducing CO2 to Ethylene on Heterostructured CeO2/CuO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61, 16445-16452 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CeO2 quantum dots (3 nm) supported on irregularly shaped CuO NPs (200 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-QD/CuO_NP",{"$f":"H42","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"-"},{"$f":"L42","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-400\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Wang et al., Efficiently Electroreducing CO2 to Ethylene on Heterostructured CeO2/CuO. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 61, 16445-16452 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods on glassy carbon - prepared via galvanic displacement of lithiated CeO2 rods","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Yin et al., Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering. ACS Catal 12, 1004-1011 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods on glassy carbon - prepared via galvanic displacement of lithiated CeO2 rods"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Yin et al., Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering. ACS Catal 12, 1004-1011 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on ceria for enhanced ethylene selectivity during electrochemical reduction of CO2. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 17244-17250 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu NPs supported on CeO2 nanorods, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NR/Cu_NS",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",52,"Y. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles on ceria for enhanced ethylene selectivity during electrochemical reduction of CO2. New Journal of Chemistry 46, 17244-17250 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mixed-phase CeO2/CuOx NPs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1  M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Fang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products via Oxygen-rich Vacancies and Ce4+−O2−−Cu+ Structure in Cu/CeO2 for Stabilizing Cu+. ChemCatChem n/a, e202301266 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Mixed-phase CeO2/CuOx NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1  M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Fang et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-carbon Products via Oxygen-rich Vacancies and Ce4+−O2−−Cu+ Structure in Cu/CeO2 for Stabilizing Cu+. ChemCatChem n/a, e202301266 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on Cu-doped CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion membrane\"","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni-Fe-Mo alloy","?","?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"S. Hong et al., Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control. Advanced Materials 35, 2208996 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"CuO NPs supported on Cu-doped CeO2 NRs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-doped/CeOx_NRs/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J50","v":"\"Sustainion membrane\""},{"$f":"L50","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Ni-Fe-Mo alloy"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.85 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",55,"S. Hong et al., Tuning the C1/C2 Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu–CeO2 Nanorods by Oxidation State Control. Advanced Materials 35, 2208996 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ce4+- (ion, not oxide) doped CuO NPs (100 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce4+-doped/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Ce,1","Y. Sun et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 via Unconventional Hybridization: High-Order Ce4+ 4f and O 2p Interaction in Ce-Cu2O for Stabilizing Cu+. ACS Nano 17, 13974-13984 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Ce4+- (ion, not oxide) doped CuO NPs (100 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce4+-doped/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-32\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Ce,1","Y. Sun et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 via Unconventional Hybridization: High-Order Ce4+ 4f and O 2p Interaction in Ce-Cu2O for Stabilizing Cu+. ACS Nano 17, 13974-13984 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mixed CuO/CeO2 NPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NP/CuO_NP","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",50,"C. W. Lee et al., Metal–Oxide Interfaces for Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2241-2248 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Mixed CuO/CeO2 NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2_NP/CuO_NP",{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"?"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",50,"C. W. Lee et al., Metal–Oxide Interfaces for Selective Electrochemical C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2241-2248 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O nanocubes with a tensile-strained CeO2/Cu shell, on GDL","Core/shell, mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-CuOx_SHELL/Cu2O_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","4 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.43 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,"H. Wang et al., Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products. ACS Nano 17, 346-354 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Cu2O nanocubes with a tensile-strained CeO2/Cu shell, on GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2-CuOx_SHELL/Cu2O_CORE",{"$f":"H56","v":"4 M KOH"},{"$f":"J56","v":"?"},{"$f":"L56","v":"4 M KOH"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.43 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,"H. Wang et al., Strain in Copper/Ceria Heterostructure Promotes Electrosynthesis of Multicarbon Products. ACS Nano 17, 346-354 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Few-atom thick Cu shell on CeO2 NRs, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Ce, O","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_SHELL/CeO2_CORE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"T. Yang et al., Interfacial Synergy between the Cu Atomic Layer and CeO2 Promotes CO Electrocoupling to Acetate. ACS Nano 17, 8521-8529 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Few-atom thick Cu shell on CeO2 NRs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuOx_SHELL/CeO2_CORE",{"$f":"H58","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"?"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":25},"?","CO","?","-100\nmA/cm2",31,"T. Yang et al., Interfacial Synergy between the Cu Atomic Layer and CeO2 Promotes CO Electrocoupling to Acetate. ACS Nano 17, 8521-8529 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu2S-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, S, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu2S/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-230†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",32,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu2S-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Ce, S, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu2S/r-GO",{"$f":"H60","v":"2 M KOH"},{"$f":"J60","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L60","v":"2 M KOH"},{"$f":"O60","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-230†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",32,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu/r-GO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-161†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"r-GO overlayer on top of CNP overlayer on top of ultrafine highly dispersed Cu-CeOx nanocomposites supported on reduced graphene oxide, on Cu-sputtered PTFE"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Ce, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","complex/CeOx/Cu/r-GO",{"$f":"H62","v":"2 M KOH"},{"$f":"J62","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L62","v":"2 M KOH"},{"$f":"O62","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-161†_Cu-Ce,2\nmA/cm2",30,"Z. Zhang et al., Highly dispersed Cu-Cu2O-CeOx interfaces on reduced graphene oxide for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 661, 966-976 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs (Cu:Ce ratio of 7:1), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","?","-600\nmA/cm2",64,"Yang, S., Sun, F., Cao, R. & Cao, M. Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07887J (2025).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs (Cu:Ce ratio of 7:1), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Ce, O, C"},"?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeO2/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H64","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"?"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-600\nmA/cm2",64,"Yang, S., Sun, F., Cao, R. & Cao, M. Surface modification of copper oxide nanosheets with CeO2 for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, doi:10.1039/D4TA07887J (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on \"3D spherical CeO2\" with many oxygen vacancies (Cu:Ce of 7:3), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO/CeO2_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",37,"Yang, Z. et al. Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 495, 153506, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153506 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"CuO NPs supported on \"3D spherical CeO2\" with many oxygen vacancies (Cu:Ce of 7:3), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, Ce, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO/CeO2_NPs",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"?"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"?"},{"$f":"N66","v":"?"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",37,"Yang, Z. et al. Manipulating dual effects of morphology and oxygen vacancies through the incorporation of CuO onto CeO2 nanospheres for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chemical Engineering Journal 495, 153506, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.153506 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"?"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["Small Cu NPs supported on Cu-doped CeOx NRs, mixed with CNPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B, Alloyed/doped","Cu, Ce, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu,CeOx/CNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-610\nmA/cm2",40,"Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Yang, J. & Kuang, M. Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 20115-20120, doi:10.1039/D4TA01808G (2024).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Small Cu NPs supported on Cu-doped CeOx NRs, mixed with CNPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Ce, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/Cu,CeOx/CNPs",{"$f":"H68","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J68","v":"?"},{"$f":"L68","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-610\nmA/cm2",40,"Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Yang, J. & Kuang, M. Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 20115-20120, doi:10.1039/D4TA01808G (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ultrafine (<10 nm) CuOx/CeOx composite NPs, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-1.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",44,"Bandal, H. A., Dabaro, M. D. & Kim, H. Boosting selectivity for multi-carbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction via enhanced hydroxide adsorption in ultrafine CuOx/CeOx nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12, 114445, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114445 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Ultrafine (<10 nm) CuOx/CeOx composite NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"PVDF","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H70","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J70","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L70","v":"1 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P70","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",44,"Bandal, H. A., Dabaro, M. D. & Kim, H. Boosting selectivity for multi-carbon products in electrochemical CO2 reduction via enhanced hydroxide adsorption in ultrafine CuOx/CeOx nanoparticles. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12, 114445, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114445 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuO NPs (30 nm) supported on CeO2 NCs (230 nm), on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NP/CeO2_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",31,"Tian, Y. et al. Membrane-free Electrocatalysis of CO2 to C2 on CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Frontiers in Chemistry 10, doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.915759 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"CuO NPs (30 nm) supported on CeO2 NCs (230 nm), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CuO_NP/CeO2_NCs",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"-"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-5\nmA/cm2",31,"Tian, Y. et al. Membrane-free Electrocatalysis of CO2 to C2 on CuO/CeO2 Nanocomposites. Frontiers in Chemistry 10, doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.915759 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on hollow CeO2 NCs (CeO2:Cu = 1:4), on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/hollow-CeO2_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.06 V\nvs. RHE","?",25,"Wang, Y. et al. Cerium Dioxide-Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products. ChemSusChem n/a, e202402097, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402097.",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Cu NPs supported on hollow CeO2 NCs (CeO2:Cu = 1:4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/hollow-CeO2_NCs",{"$f":"H74","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J74","v":"?"},{"$f":"L74","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.06 V\nvs. RHE","?",25,"Wang, Y. et al. Cerium Dioxide-Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products. ChemSusChem n/a, e202402097, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402097."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",58,"Chang, F. et al. Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO2/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction. Carbon Energy n/a, e588, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.588.",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"CeO2 NPs supported on CuO NSs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","CeO2/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J76","v":"-"},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",58,"Chang, F. et al. Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO2/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction. Carbon Energy n/a, e588, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.588."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["(Single atomic) Cu-doped (\"4%\") CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper","Single atom, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/CeO2_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",30,"Wang, Y. et al. Single-Atomic Cu with Multiple Oxygen Vacancies on Ceria for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4. ACS Catal 8, 7113-7119, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01014 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"(Single atomic) Cu-doped (\"4%\") CeO2 nanorods, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-SAC/CeO2_NRs",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"?"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",30,"Wang, Y. et al. Single-Atomic Cu with Multiple Oxygen Vacancies on Ceria for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4. ACS Catal 8, 7113-7119, doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01014 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"?"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NPs supported on CeO2 NRs, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CeO2/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt \"flake\"","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",25,"Deng, Q. et al. Revealing the construction of CuOCe interfacial sites via increased support utilization for enhanced CO2 electroreduction and Li-CO2 batteries. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 651, 883-893, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.054 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"CuOx NPs supported on CeO2 NRs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CeO2/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H80","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L80","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Pt \"flake\""},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",25,"Deng, Q. et al. Revealing the construction of CuOCe interfacial sites via increased support utilization for enhanced CO2 electroreduction and Li-CO2 batteries. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 651, 883-893, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.054 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/CeOx NPs with oxygen vacancies prepared via N2H4 as a reducing agent, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","? -16\nmA/cm2",29,"Xue, L. et al. Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 100, 66-76, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.025 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Cu/CeOx NPs with oxygen vacancies prepared via N2H4 as a reducing agent, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, Ce, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CeOx/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","? -16\nmA/cm2",29,"Xue, L. et al. Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction. Journal of Energy Chemistry 100, 66-76, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.025 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A84","v":0},{"$f":"C84","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H84","v":0},{"$f":"J84","v":0},{"$f":"L84","v":0},{"$f":"O84","v":0},{"$f":"N84","v":0},{"$f":"P84","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":0},null,{"$f":"I84","v":0},{"$f":"K84","v":0},{"$f":"M84","v":0},0]

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["†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Eu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL "},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Eu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"?"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, single atom","Cu, Gd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Gd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs",{"$f":"H20","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.5 M NaHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"-"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.5 M NaHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, La"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL "},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"?"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"X37-50 anion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"\"X37-50 anion\""},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1","Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1","Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226.",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, La, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Sustainion X37-50RT"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, La, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, La, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Nd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Nd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL "},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Pr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J42","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L42","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"?"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pr, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Pr, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL "},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Sm, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"?"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Sm, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Er, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Er, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Tb, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Tb, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":0},null,{"$f":"I78","v":0},{"$f":"K78","v":0},{"$f":"M78","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A80","v":0},{"$f":"C80","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H80","v":0},{"$f":"J80","v":0},{"$f":"L80","v":0},{"$f":"O80","v":0},{"$f":"N80","v":0},{"$f":"P80","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":0},null,{"$f":"I80","v":0},{"$f":"K80","v":0},{"$f":"M80","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Eu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"CuO/Eu2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Eu), on GDL "},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Eu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Eu2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",38,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped, single atom","Cu, Gd, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Gd-doped (6.5 %, ICP) CuO NCs (60 nm), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Gd, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Gd/CuO_NCs",{"$f":"H18","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-546\nmA/cm2",42,"J. Feng et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ Product Electroreduction Efficiency via Atomic Lanthanide Dopant-Induced Tensile-Strained CuOx Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 9857-9866 (2023)."]
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["†_Cu-La,1SI is missing from publisher website, obtained via personal communication with author (provided as SI document for the current manuscript)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.5 M NaHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"La2CuO4 calcined at 1000 °C, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4-precat",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M NaHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"-"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M NaHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-1\nmA/cm2",40,"R. P. Singh et al., Electrochemical insights into layered La2CuO4 perovskite: Active ionic copper for selective CO2 electroreduction at low overpotential. Electrochimica Acta 326, 134952 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"La2CuO4 perovskite nanobamboo fibers with abundant grain boundaries, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2CuO4_nanobamboo",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-3\nmA/cm2",60,"J. Wang et al., Grain-Boundary-Engineered La2CuO4 Perovskite Nanobamboos for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction. Nano Letters 21, 980-987 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"\"Cu10La1\" (wt%/at.% not reported) co-catalyst electroplated on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, La"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cs/Cu_layer",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-46\nmA/cm2",51,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"CuO/La2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:La), on GDL "},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",33,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"?"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL","Atomically mixed","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"X37-50 anion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"La2-xCuO4-δ NPs with moderate oxygen vacancy content (x=0.01), on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La2-xCuO4-δ_NPs ",{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"X37-50 anion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.53 V\nvs. RHE","-160\nmA/cm2",28,"J. Zhu et al., Cation-Deficiency-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Copper-Based Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Oxides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111670 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, La, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1","Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Fragmented Cu NPs derived from CO2-induced electrochemically La-leached La2CuO4 NPs (La content ultra-low, near detection limit of equipment), on GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, La, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu_fragmented",{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.41 V - iR\nvs. NHE","-600\nmA/cm2","36†_Cu-La,1","Z.-Z. Niu et al., CO2-assisted formation of grain boundaries for efficient CO–CO coupling on a derived Cu catalyst. National Science Open 2, 20220044 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37-50RT","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226.",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"La(OH)3 nanosheets supported on CuO nanosheets mixed with Ketjen Black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, La, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La(OH)3/C/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Sustainion X37-50RT"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1000\nmA/cm2",41,"S. Hu et al., Ampere-Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3-Modified Cu Catalysts. Small n/a, 2308226."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell, mixed-phase/janus","Cu, La, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"In-situ decomposed La2CuO4 NPs, mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, La, C, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","La2(CO3)3/La2CuO4_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",59,"Sha, Y. et al. Surface Reconstruction of La2CuO4 during the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Its Benefits for Enhanced Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 31036-31044, doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00747 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, La, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"La-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, La, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-800\nmA/cm2",43,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Nd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Mixed-phase Cu2NdOx NPs , on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Nd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Nd2O3/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",54,"Z.-H. He et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene over CuOx boosting CO2 adsorption by lanthanide neodymium. Catalysis Science & Technology,  (2023)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"CuO/Pr2O3 mixed phase NPs (ca. 9:1 at. Ratio Cu:Pr), on GDL "},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Pr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-700\nmA/cm2",46,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"?"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pr, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Pr-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Pr, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pr/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",26,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A22","v":0},{"$f":"C22","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H22","v":0},{"$f":"J22","v":0},{"$f":"L22","v":0},{"$f":"O22","v":0},{"$f":"N22","v":0},{"$f":"P22","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":0},null,{"$f":"I22","v":0},{"$f":"K22","v":0},{"$f":"M22","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL ","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"CuO/Sm2O3 mixed phase NPs (8.2:1 at. Ratio Cu:Sm), on GDL "},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Sm, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm2O3/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",48,"J. Liu et al., Switching between C2+ Products and CH4 in CO2 Electrolysis by Tuning the Composition and Structure of Rare-Earth/Copper Catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 23037-23047 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"?"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sm, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Sm-doped Cu2O NCs, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Sm, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sm/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",26,"Wang, X. et al. Enhancing *CO coverage on Sm-Cu2O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4. Journal of Energy Chemistry 99, 409-416, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.07.053 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":0},null,{"$f":"I22","v":0},{"$f":"K22","v":0},{"$f":"M22","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Er, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Er-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Er, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Er/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",30,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Tb, O","NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Tb-doped Cu2O hollow sphere NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Tb, O"},"NafionD-521 dispersion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tb/Cu2O_hollow-NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"3.0 M KCl + 0.05 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",28,"Feng, J. et al. CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nature Communications 15, 4821, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8 (2024)."]
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["†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
["†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density",null,null,null,"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O, Br","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Br-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, O, Br"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Br-/Cu-TMC"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1","R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC"},{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"?"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1","R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C"},{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-dopedGO/Cu-NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D24","v":"-"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"N-dopedGO/Cu-NC"},{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"?"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP"},{"$f":"H26","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE"},{"$f":"H28","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L28","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, C"},"Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"?"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"-"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)","TMC, supported","Cu","[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Astom Co. ASE","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu"},"[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Astom Co. ASE"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA–3","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Fumatech FAA–3"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 424","(CEM)","3 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 424"},{"$f":"L44","v":"3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt coil"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H54","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J54","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L54","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt\"","2†_Cu-C-supported,3","?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"-"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"\"Pt\""},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"2†_Cu-C-supported,3"},"?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper","Supported, MOF","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF",{"$f":"H64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H68","v":"1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L68","v":"1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O68","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh 100","?",1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2",{"$f":"H70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt mesh 100"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Graphite sheet"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J76","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6","N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"-"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6","N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H80","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L80","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q80","v":"?"},{"$f":"R80","v":"CO2"},"-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"-"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":25},{"$f":"Q82","v":"?"},{"$f":"R82","v":"CO2"},"-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)","Supported, MOF","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H84","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L84","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL",25,1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H88","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J88","v":"\"Membrane\""},{"$f":"L88","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O88","v":"IrOx/GDL"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":25},1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"?"},{"$f":"M88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDL","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM",{"$f":"H90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Fumatech FAA-3"},{"$f":"L90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O90","v":"IrO2/GDL"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE","Supported","Cu, C","Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu","?","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu, C"},"Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu",{"$f":"H92","v":"0.3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J92","v":"Nafion 417"},{"$f":"L92","v":"0.3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O92","v":"Pt/Ti"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":20},1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL","Supported","Cu","Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu"},"Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu",{"$f":"H94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Fumasep FABPK-\n130"},{"$f":"L94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode","TMC, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC",{"$f":"H96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J96","v":"\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\""},{"$f":"L96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P96","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt grid","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H98","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L98","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O98","v":"Pt grid"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H100","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J100","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L100","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O100","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu, O, C, P"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J102","v":"-"},{"$f":"L102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O102","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P102","v":25},1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M102","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7","J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J104","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O104","v":"Graphite sheet"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7","J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu, O, C"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups",{"$f":"H106","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O106","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":25},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H108","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J108","v":"-"},{"$f":"L108","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O108","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P108","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M108","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper","Supported, SAC","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H110","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J110","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L110","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O110","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":25},"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J112","v":"FABPK-\n130"},{"$f":"L112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O112","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H114","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J114","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L114","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O114","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P114","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K114","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M114","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL","Supported [on Cu]","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx",{"$f":"H116","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J116","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L116","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"O116","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P116","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J118","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O118","v":"?"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P118","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL","?",1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J120","v":"Fumasep FAA-130"},{"$f":"L120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O120","v":"IrOx/GDL"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A122","v":"Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C122","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4",{"$f":"H122","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J122","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L122","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O122","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P122","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G122","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K122","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A124","v":"Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)"},{"$f":"C124","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu",{"$f":"H124","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J124","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L124","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O124","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P124","v":25},"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G124","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K124","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C, N, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A126","v":"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C126","v":"Cu, C, N, S"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J126","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O126","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P126","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G126","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I126","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K126","v":"?"},{"$f":"M126","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A128","v":"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method"},{"$f":"C128","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs",{"$f":"H128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J128","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O128","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P128","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G128","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I128","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K128","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M128","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A130","v":"Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C130","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H130","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J130","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L130","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O130","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P130","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G130","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I130","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K130","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M130","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A132","v":"Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C132","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H132","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J132","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L132","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O132","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P132","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G132","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I132","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K132","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M132","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech\nFAA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A134","v":"CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C134","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H134","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J134","v":"Fumatech\nFAA"},{"$f":"L134","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O134","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P134","v":"?"},1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G134","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I134","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K134","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M134","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A136","v":"Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)"},{"$f":"C136","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate",{"$f":"H136","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J136","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L136","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O136","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P136","v":25},1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G136","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K136","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A138","v":"Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL"},{"$f":"C138","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen",{"$f":"H138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J138","v":"?"},{"$f":"L138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O138","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N138","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P138","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G138","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I138","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K138","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M138","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A140","v":"Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C140","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H140","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J140","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L140","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O140","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N140","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P140","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G140","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I140","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K140","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M140","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A142","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL"},{"$f":"C142","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H142","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J142","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L142","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O142","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P142","v":25},"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G142","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I142","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K142","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M142","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A144","v":"CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL"},{"$f":"C144","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H144","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J144","v":"Sustainion X37 50"},{"$f":"L144","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O144","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P144","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G144","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I144","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K144","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M144","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A146","v":"Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL"},{"$f":"C146","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx",{"$f":"H146","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J146","v":"FAB-PK-75"},{"$f":"L146","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O146","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P146","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G146","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K146","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Vulcan XC-72/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,"?","CO2"," -1.65 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A148","v":"CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL"},"Cu, C","Nafion",{"$nulls":8},"?",null,null,null,46,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023)."]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PFRC/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-1268\nmA/cm2",47,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A150","v":"CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL"},"Cu, C","Nafion",{"$nulls":12},47,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023)."]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on VXC-72r, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","VXC-72r/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.66 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023)."]
[]
["CuBaCO3 NPs supported on MWCNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, Ba, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MWCNT/CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023)."]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from reconstruction of Cu-tannic acid NSs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.16 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",61,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023)."]
[]
["Cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",44,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023)."]
[]
["Cu NPs encapsulated in cub mesoporous carbon (CMK-8), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CMK-8/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",51,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029."]
[]
["Binuclear Cu phenanthroline TMC mixed with graphite powder, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",42,"N. Liu et al., Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Advanced Materials n/a, 2309526."]
[]
["Self-assembling Cu-TMC (Bis(triphenylphosphine) Cu(I) nitrate) nanorods supported on XC-72R, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TMC_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-0.96 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Wang et al., Molecular Assembled Electrocatalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Fixation to C2+ Products. ACS Nano 16, 17021-17032 (2022)."]
[]
["Cu-TMC (Copper(II) meso -tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) NSs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",41,"M. Sun, Z. Tao, X. Xu, S. Min, L. Kang, Effect of morphology and structure of CuTCPP nanomaterials on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane and ethylene. Applied Catalysis A: General 666, 119406 (2023)."]
[]
["CuOx NPs prepared through thermal reduction of Cu(acac)2-oleylamine complex, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Oleylamine/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-360\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with Cu-oleylamine based nanoparticles synthesized by simple thermal treatment. Fuel 348, 128498 (2023)."]
[]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-208\nmA/cm2",61,"Cao, Y. et al. Stimulating the C−C coupling ability of ultrafine copper nanoclusters via nitrogen coordination for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124704, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124704 (2025)."]
[]
["In-situ generated Cu NPs from 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based Cu-TMC, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-1.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",62,"Kim, D. et al. Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 27701-27712, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c09230 (2024)."]
[]
["Dual-site single atom copper on N-doped carbon derived from pyrolysis of Cu-impregnated MOF, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-SAC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",52,"Heng, J.-M., Zhu, H.-L., Zhao, Z.-H., Liao, P.-Q. & Chen, X.-M. Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions. Advanced Materials n/a, 2415101, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415101."]
[]
["Cu2O NPs supported on CNTs modified with Cu-based COF, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-COF/CNTs/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",71,"He, Q. et al. Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual-Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic-Tandem Strategy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202407090, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407090 (2024)."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Post-annealed, electrodeposited Cu2O MPs \"supported on\" roughened N-doped graphite paper","Supported","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/N-graphite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",35,"Yan, Z. et al. The in situ growth of Cu2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, 6742-6749, doi:10.1039/D1CY01099A (2021)."]
[]
["N-doped graphene quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/graphene-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-348\nmA/cm2",35,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020)."]
[]
["N-doped carbon quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/carbon-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020)."]
[]
["C-doped (\"6%\") CuOX NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",54,"Dong, X. et al. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with ampere-level current on carbon-modified copper catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 41, 100024, doi:https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012 (2025)."]
[]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023)."]
[]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023)."]
[]
["Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Distorted/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018)."]
[]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020)."]
[]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020)."]
[]
["Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-2DMOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",50,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021)."]
[]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[]
["In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Activated/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022)."]
[]
["CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF-derived/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019)."]
[]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022)."]
[]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022)."]
[]
["Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022)."]
[]
["Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C","Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020)."]
[]
["Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022)."]
[]
["[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","π-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022)."]
[]
["{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021)."]
[]
["Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Azolate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022)."]
[]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023)."]
[]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023)."]
[]
["Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_MOF-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023)."]
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["Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023)."]
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["Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023)."]
[]
["Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022)."]
[]
["Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023)."]
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["Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024)."]
[]
["2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025)."]
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["Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024)."]
[]
["Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510."]
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["Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024)."]
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["Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051."]
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["Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)","MOF, supported","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","MOF","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023)."]
[]
["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025)."]
[]
["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025)."]
[]
["Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, carbon shell","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-carbon_Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023)."]
[]
["Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021)."]
[]
["CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, O, C, N","C3N4","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021)."]
[]
["Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell_N/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021)."]
[]
["CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrTaOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022)."]
[]
["Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024)."]
[]
["Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1","Core/shell","Cu, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024)."]
[]
["Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022)."]
[]
["Hydrogen annealed, Cu-MOF derived Cu NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022)."]

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["†_Cu-C-supported,1Value given in main text and in tabular form in SI is different - took tabular value"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,2This has been calculated from the C2+ FE, the roughness factor extracted from the double layer capacity and specified reference charging value, and the ESCA current density plot in SI"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,3Not a typo, indeed 2 °C"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,4Unclear: calculated from C2H4 mass activity, C2H4 FE, catalyst loading, Cu % in catalyst and reported electrode area by assuming that the mass activity is specifically for C2H4 and not total mass activity (otherwise, it's 19% of the tabulated value)"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,5Text also discusses glassy carbon as an electrode material, but it is unclear to us how this can be combined with other sections and discussed procedures in the text so we cite what we believe to be the most logical electrode"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,6Main text and SI give different numbers, we report the number in the main text",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,7Total FE only computes to ca. 59 % - furthermore, SI states 34 % (reported herein) whilst text states 37 % FE C2H4",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
["†_Cu-C-supported,8SI erroneously reports partial jC2H4@80.73 % C2H4 as 60.15, report here image-extracted jtotal",null,null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O, Br","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Br-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu transition metal complex with oxygen coordination center; ({Cu3(m3-OH)(mpz)3(Im)3}2+)2+ with Br- anion, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, O, Br"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Br-/Cu-TMC"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Fumasep, FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M KOH (pH 13.7)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.70 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-130\nmA/cm2",55,"Y.-F. Lu et al., Predesign of Catalytically Active Sites via Stable Coordination Cluster Model System for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 26210-26217 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt tablet",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1","R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"1D chains of Cu transition metal complex [Cu(4-\"H-pyrazole\")2]n·solvent, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"1D chains/Cl-/Cu-TMC"},{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"?"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt tablet"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-346\nmA/cm2","56†_Cu-C-supported,1","R. Wang et al., Partial Coordination-Perturbed Bi-Copper Sites for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 19829-19835 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Dimeric Cu transition metal complex [Cu2(tris(2-\nbenzimidazolylmethyl)amine)2Cl2]Cl2 immobilized on nafion-coated mesoporous carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Immobilized/Cu-TMC/C"},{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",42,"M. Balamurugan et al., Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu-Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon. Small 16, 2000955 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-dopedGO/Cu-NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NCs anchored/immobilized on N-doped graphene oxide, unknown substrate"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D24","v":"-"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"N-dopedGO/Cu-NC"},{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"?"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",33,"S. Kuang et al., Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, 8328-8334 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP"},{"$f":"H26","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.57 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",62,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped CNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"N-dopedCNT/Cu-NP_PTFE"},{"$f":"H28","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J28","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L28","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.6\nvs. Hg/HgO","-200\nmA/cm2",56,"J.-C. Lee et al., Thermodynamically driven self-formation of copper-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber catalysts for a cascade electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11632-11641 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Ultrafine Cu NPs on fibrous pyrenyl-graphdiyne, supported on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","p-Graphdiyne/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.5 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",49,"Y.-B. Chang, C. Zhang, X.-L. Lu, W. Zhang, T.-B. Lu, Graphdiyene enables ultrafine Cu nanoparticles to selectively reduce CO2 to C2+ products. Nano Research 15, 195-201 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Commercial Cu NPs (10-30 nm, Macklin) supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C/Cu_20nm",{"$f":"H32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L32","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",48,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?",25,"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Metallic 50 nm Cu NWs supported on Ketjen EC300J, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, C"},"Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/Cu-NW_50nm",{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"?"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":25},"?","CO","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-84\nmA/cm2",34,"H. Zhang et al., Cu nanowire-catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2. Nanoscale 11, 12075-12079 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Impregnation-derived Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper (ill-defined carbon support derived from biological source)"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-C(bio)/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",64,"Y. Huo, X. Peng, X. Liu, H. Li, J. Luo, High Selectivity Toward C2H4 Production over Cu Particles Supported by Butterfly-Wing-Derived Carbon Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, 12618-12625 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Cu NPs supported on vacuum-calcined (1800 C) UD-90 nanodiamonds from NanoBlox,Inc., on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined-NanoDiamond/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"-"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3/CO (pH 8.3)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",60,"O. Baturina et al., Effect of nanostructured carbon support on copper electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbon fuels. Catal Today 288, 2-10 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)","TMC, supported","Cu","[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Astom Co. ASE","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"\"Activated\" Cu NPs embedded in self-assembled coordination polyer ([Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n), on carbon paper (C2H4 activity increases with time)"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu"},"[Cu2(μ-Br)2(PPh3)2(μ-DPB)]n","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Self-assembled/Cu-TMC",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Astom Co. ASE"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.34 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Sakamoto et al., Self-assembled Cuprous Coordination Polymer as a Catalyst for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction into C2 Products. ACS Catal 10, 10412-10419 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA–3","(AEM)","0.1 M KOH (pH 13)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on graphdiyne, on GDL"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Graphdiyne/Cu-UNPs",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Fumatech FAA–3"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KOH (pH 13)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Rong et al., Size-Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic-Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 466-472 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 424","(CEM)","3 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Crystalline copper(II) Phthalocyanine supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-Phthalocyanine",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 424"},{"$f":"L44","v":"3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.7 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Kusama, T. Saito, H. Hashiba, A. Sakai, S. Yotsuhashi, Crystalline Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 7, 8382-8385 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt coil","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Cu NPs (20 wt%) supported on thermally annealed (800 C) polypyrrole-derived N-functionalized porous carbon, on graphite"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-doped_porousC/Cu-NPs",{"$f":"H46","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt coil"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.05 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",31,"H. Han et al., Selective electrochemical CO2 conversion to multicarbon alcohols on highly efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts. Green Chemistry 22, 71-84 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, C, N"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","g-C3N4/Cu2O-NCs",{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",32,"J. Zhang et al., Unveiling the Synergistic Effect between Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Cu2O toward CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. ChemSusChem 14, 929-937 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Cu2O-derived bimodal Cu catalyst supported on Ketjen black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Reconstructed/Cu2O-Large",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",53,"Y. Jiang et al., Structural Reconstruction of Cu2O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Products Selectivity. Advanced Science 9, 2105292 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"CuO NPs supported on NH2 modified carbon dots, on glassy carbon (possibly carbon paper - unclear)"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-CDOT/CuO-NPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",57,"Y. Zhou et al., Amino Modified Carbon Dots with Electron Sink Effect Increase Interface Charge Transfer Rate of Cu-Based Electrocatalyst to Enhance the CO2 Conversion Selectivity to C2H4. Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2113335 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"4 nm Cu NPs supported on \"moderate\" density Cu-SAC/carbon, on GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion D-521","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SAC/carbon/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H54","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J54","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L54","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-383\nmA/cm2",31,"J. Feng et al., Modulating adsorbed hydrogen drives electrochemical CO2-to-C2 products. Nature Communications 14, 4615 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","\"Pt\"","2†_Cu-C-supported,3","?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Cu NPs supported on XC-72R, on home-made GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/custom-GDL",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"-"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"\"Pt\""},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"2†_Cu-C-supported,3"},"?","CO2","-3 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-400\nmA/cm2",69,"R. L. Cook, R. C. MacDuff, A. F. Sammells, High rate gas phase CO2 reduction to ethylene and methane using gas diffusion electrodes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, 607-608 (1990)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"CuO 'nanospindles' (resembles plates) supported on C60/fullerene, on GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C60/CuO",{"$f":"H58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.8 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-563†_Cu-C-supported,2\nmA/cm2",37,"B. Zhao et al., C60-Stabilized Cu+ Sites Boost Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2204346 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C, N","Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs","?","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"7nm Cu NPs supported on pyridinic-N rich graphene, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Polyvinylidene fluoride","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-311†_Cu-C-supported,4\nmA/cm2",19,"Q. Li et al., Controlled assembly of Cu nanoparticles on pyridinic-N rich graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Nano Energy 24, 1-9 (2016)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped carbon \"shells\" (involving ZnO NP templating - may be a trace contaminant), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-10\nmA/cm2",25,"H. Ning et al., Cubic Cu2O on nitrogen-doped carbon shells for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Carbon 146, 218-223 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper","Supported, MOF","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"MOF-derived high loading Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon nanosheet calcined at 800 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon800C/Cu-SAC_MOF",{"$f":"H64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",25,"A. Guan et al., Boosting CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Tuning Neighboring Single-Copper Sites. ACS Energy Letters 5, 1044-1053 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"High loading electrosprayed CuO particles on carbon paper/fibers (Toray, TGP-H-120)"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Electrospray/CuO",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",52,"S. Y. Lee et al., Controlling the C2+ product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on an electrosprayed Cu catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 6210-6218 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti","?",1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"CuOx NCs supported on Vulcan XC-27R, on GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H68","v":"1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L68","v":"1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O68","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-1.38 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-600\nmA/cm2",15,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh 100","?",1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"CuOx NCs supported (23 wt%) on Vulcan XC-27R, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","XC-27R/CuOx_NCs#2",{"$f":"H70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt mesh 100"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},1,"CO2","-0.97 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",22,"T. Möller et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on CuOx Nanocubes: Tracking the Evolution of Chemical State, Geometric Structure, and Catalytic Selectivity using Operando Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, 17974-17983 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet",25,1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Air-calcined Cu NPs supported on N-doped carbon formed at 700 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-carbon/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Graphite sheet"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.25 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",36,"H.-J. Yang et al., Promoting Ethylene Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction on CuO Supported onto CO2 Capture Materials. ChemSusChem 11, 881-887 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Cu2O NCs supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",20,"H. Ning et al., N-doped reduced graphene oxide supported Cu2O nanocubes as high active catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785, 7-12 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"High loading 72 nm Cu2O NCs supported on ionic liquid-functionalized graphite sheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","IL/graphite/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J76","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",31,"W. Wang et al., Interface-induced controllable synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes for electroreduction CO2 to C2H4. Electrochimica Acta 306, 360-365 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6","N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Cu layered double hydroxide (Cu5Al-CO3)-derived CuOx NPs supported on reduced graphene oxide, on carbon cloth (also referred to as \"carbon paper\" [sic] in text)†_Cu-C-supported,5"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","LDH-rGO/CuOx",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"-"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","54†_Cu-C-supported,6","N. Altaf et al., Cu-CuOx/rGO catalyst derived from hybrid LDH/GO with enhanced C2H4 selectivity by CO2 electrochemical reduction. Journal of CO2 Utilization 40, 101205 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Powdered electroplated (40 °C/14 V/60 min) CuOx particles supported on graphene oxide, pressure sprayed on carbon fiber paper"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Plate/GO/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H80","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L80","v":"0.2 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q80","v":"?"},{"$f":"R80","v":"CO2"},"-0.99 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-41\nmA/cm2",34,"N. Rashid, M. A. Bhat, U. K. Goutam, P. P. Ingole, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene on Cu/CuxO-GO composites in aqueous solution. RSC Advances 10, 17572-17581 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Few (~4) atom Cu SACs prepared with a cyclohexene:Cu ratio of 60 supported on CNTs, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/4atom-Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J82","v":"-"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":25},{"$f":"Q82","v":"?"},{"$f":"R82","v":"CO2"},"-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-21\nmA/cm2",29,"A. Guan et al., Atomic-Level Copper Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbon. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 13536-13544 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)","Supported, MOF","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.2 M KI","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Electroreduced Cu MOF (Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2)-derived CuOx NPs supported on N-doped graphene, on carbon paper (ambiguously reported)"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF/N-graphene/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H84","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L84","v":"0.2 M KI"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",24,"W.-Y. Zhi et al., Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2-C3 products on Cu/Cu2O@N-doped graphene. Journal of CO2 Utilization 50, 101594 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on sheet-like tannic acid substrate, on GDL"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L86","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",64,"S. Chen et al., Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Mediated by Adaptive Small-molecule Engineering of Copper-based Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202315621 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Membrane\"","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL",25,1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Pre-reduction of Cu TMC (cuprous 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane)-derived Cu NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TMC/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H88","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J88","v":"\"Membrane\""},{"$f":"L88","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O88","v":"IrOx/GDL"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":25},1,"CO","-0.61 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-330\nmA/cm2",35,"H. Du et al., In situ formed N-containing copper nanoparticles: a high-performance catalyst toward carbon monoxide electroreduction to multicarbon products with high faradaic efficiency and current density. Nanoscale 14, 7262-7268 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"?"},{"$f":"M88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/GDL","?",1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"In-situ reduced air-annealed commercial μm sized Cu particles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, on GDL"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CNT/CuOx_UM",{"$f":"H90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Fumatech FAA-3"},{"$f":"L90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O90","v":"IrO2/GDL"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},1,"CO","-0.72 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-1050\nmA/cm2",44,"M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, High-rate electroreduction of carbon monoxide to multi-carbon products. Nature Catalysis 1, 748-755 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE","Supported","Cu, C","Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu","?","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","0.3 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt/Ti",20,1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"\"Cu catalyst\" supported on mixed carbon powder (Lonza KS-44) with a Cu/C ratio of 0.5, made into a GDE"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu, C"},"Dibutyle phtalate","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Lonza/Cu",{"$f":"H92","v":"0.3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J92","v":"Nafion 417"},{"$f":"L92","v":"0.3 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O92","v":"Pt/Ti"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":20},1,"CO2","-3.5 V\nvs. SCE","?",38,"K.-R. Lee, J.-H. Lim, J.-K. Lee, H.-S. Chun, Reduction of carbon dioxide in 3-dimensional gas diffusion electrodes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, 829-836 (1999)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"?"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL","Supported","Cu","Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Metallic Cu overlayer sputtered on commercial Cu NPs (25 nm, Sigma Aldrich) supported on Ketjen Black mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) electrosprayed on a GDL"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu"},"Poly(methyl methacrylate)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PMMA/Cu_NP/Cu",{"$f":"H94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Fumasep FABPK-\n130"},{"$f":"L94","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-60\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Yan et al., Interface regulation promoting carbon monoxide gas diffusion electrolysis towards C2+ products. Chemical Communications 58, 3645-3648 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode","TMC, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"Solution-phase Cu phenanthroline complex with carbon paper cathode"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC",{"$f":"H96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J96","v":"\"Hangzhou Huamo Technology Co., Ltd\""},{"$f":"L96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P96","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",69,"J. Du, B. Cheng, L. Jiang, Z. Han, Copper phenanthroline for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction on carbon paper. Chemical Communications 59, 4778-4781 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt grid","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"CuOX NPs supported on graphite phase carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H98","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J98","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L98","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O98","v":"Pt grid"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",37,"Z. Yan, T. Wu, Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2 Products on a g-C3N4-Supported Copper-Based Catalyst. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 14381 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":"Polystyrene template-assisted interconnected mesoporous Cu2O NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C100","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Meso-interconnect/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H100","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J100","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L100","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O100","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N100","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P100","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",51,"L. Fan et al., Evoking C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction by the steric confinement effect of ordered porous Cu2O. Chemical Science 14, 13851-13859 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I100","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K100","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M100","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, P","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A102","v":"Phosphate-buffered saline-treated CuO NPs-turned-nanoshees supported on Vulcan XC-72R, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C102","v":"Cu, O, C, P"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","P/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J102","v":"-"},{"$f":"L102","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O102","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N102","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P102","v":25},1,"CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",30,"T. Gao et al., Phosphate-Derived Copper-Based Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Reduction to Multicarbon Products. Energy & Fuels 37, 19053-19062 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I102","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K102","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M102","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7","J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A104","v":"Pre-reduced CuOx NPs supported on polymer-derived N-doped carbon fibers prepared via electrospinning and calcination (400 °C/Ar), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C104","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Espun-N_CNT/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J104","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L104","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O104","v":"Graphite sheet"},{"$f":"N104","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P104","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2","34†_Cu-C-supported,7","J. Han et al., Insight into the effect of surface coverage of carbon support on selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over copper-based catalyst. Applied Surface Science 609, 155394 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K104","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M104","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A106","v":"Eleborate electrospun fiber-network, eventually yielding conductive CNT/PTFE fibers with half-exposed porous µm-sized CuO particles, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C106","v":"Cu, O, C"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Conductive-PTFE/CNT/CuOx_Ups",{"$f":"H106","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J106","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L106","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O106","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N106","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P106","v":25},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-121\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Li, Z. Pei, D. Luan, X. W. Lou, Superhydrophobic and Conductive Wire Membrane for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202302128 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K106","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M106","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A108","v":"Cu2O NPs mixed with N-doped graphene (Figure S20), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C108","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-graphene/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H108","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J108","v":"-"},{"$f":"L108","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O108","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N108","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P108","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",34,"Y. Wang et al., Effect of Charge on Carbon Support on the Catalytic Activity of Cu2O toward CO2 Reduction to C2 Products. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, 23306-23315 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I108","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K108","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M108","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper","Supported, SAC","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A110","v":"Pre-reduced dual atom Cu SAC supported on N-doped carbon, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C110","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","2-atom-Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H110","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J110","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L110","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O110","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N110","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P110","v":25},"?","CO2"," -1.23 V\nvs. RHE","-35\nmA/cm2",35,"G. Sun et al., Dual-atom Cu2/N-doped carbon catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis A: General 651, 119025 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K110","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M110","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FABPK-\n130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A112","v":"CuO NSs supported on Ketjen EC-300 J, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C112","v":"Cu, O, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J112","v":"FABPK-\n130"},{"$f":"L112","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O112","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N112","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P112","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.87 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-304\nmA/cm2",56,"H. Xie et al., Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 on Cu nanosheets. Journal of Energy Chemistry 79, 312-320 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K112","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M112","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A114","v":"Cu2O NPs supported on pyridinic-N-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C114","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H114","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J114","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L114","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O114","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N114","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P114","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",56,"W. Xu et al., Facilitating electroreduction CO2-to-C2H4 over doped CuO nanospheres assisted by nitrogen species and oxygen vacancies. Fuel Processing Technology 250, 107890 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I114","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K114","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M114","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL","Supported [on Cu]","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","3.0 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti",25,"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A116","v":"Individual Cu NPs supported on/embedded in an amorphous CuOx phase obtained through tannic acid-assisted synthesis, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C116","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/Cu_NPs/CuOx",{"$f":"H116","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"J116","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L116","v":"3.0 M KCl"},{"$f":"O116","v":"IrOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N116","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P116","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.9 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",46,"P.-P. Yang et al., Highly Enhanced Chloride Adsorption Mediates Efficient Neutral CO2 Electroreduction over a Dual-Phase Copper Catalyst. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 8714-8725 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K116","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M116","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","?","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A118","v":"Honeycomb-like CuO supported on amorphous carbon annealed at 600 °C, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C118","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Honeycomb/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J118","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L118","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O118","v":"?"},{"$f":"N118","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P118","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",60,"L. Zhang, X. Li, L. Chen, C. Zhai, H. Tao, Honeycomb-like CuO@C for electroreduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 640, 783-790 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K118","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M118","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/GDL","?",1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A120","v":"Cu-based TMC (Cu(N,N′-bis-(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) supported on carbon black, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C120","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Carbon-supported/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J120","v":"Fumasep FAA-130"},{"$f":"L120","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O120","v":"IrOx/GDL"},{"$f":"N120","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P120","v":"?"},1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-303\nmA/cm2",32,"L.-J. Zhu et al., Copper–Supramolecular Pair Catalyst Promoting C2+ Product Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 13, 5114-5121 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K120","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M120","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A122","v":"Cu NPs supported on Cu/SAC-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C122","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/Cu-SAC_C3N4",{"$f":"H122","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J122","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L122","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O122","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N122","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P122","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.28 V\nvs. RHE","-45†_Cu-C-supported,8\nmA/cm2",81,"H. Zhang et al., Insight into the island-sea effect of Cu−N−C for enhanced CO2 eletroreduction selectively towards C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343, 123566 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G122","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K122","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M122","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod",25,"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A124","v":"Thermally decomposed Cu TMC (copper phthalocyanine) supported on Ketjen Black EC600 JD, on copper foil (unclear if it remains as a supported catalyst after final heat treatment)"},{"$f":"C124","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Phthalocynanine/Cu_C/Cu",{"$f":"H124","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J124","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L124","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O124","v":"Graphite rod"},{"$f":"N124","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P124","v":25},"?","80/20\nCO2/O2"," -0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",43,"M. Li et al., Heat-treated copper phthalocyanine on carbon toward electrochemical CO2 conversion into ethylene boosted by oxygen reduction. Chemical Communications 58, 12192-12195 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G124","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K124","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M124","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper","SAC, supported","Cu, C, N, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"ion exchange membrane\"","?","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A126","v":"Cu-SAC (<1 wt%) on hetero-atom (S) doped C3N4 lamellae, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C126","v":"Cu, C, N, S"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","S-C3N4/Cu_SAC",{"$f":"H126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J126","v":"\"ion exchange membrane\""},{"$f":"L126","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O126","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N126","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P126","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-20\nmA/cm2",60,"Y. Shen et al., Enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion through second-shell coordination on a Cu single-atom catalyst. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 9075-9087 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G126","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I126","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K126","v":"?"},{"$f":"M126","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A128","v":"Oleylamine-stabilized Cu-NWs supported on CNPs, on glassy carbon, cleaned (ligand removal) via photonic curing method"},{"$f":"C128","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cleaned/Cu_NWs/CNPs",{"$f":"H128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J128","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L128","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O128","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N128","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P128","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V - iR\nvs. RHE","?",19,"Y. Hou et al., Photonic Curing: Activation and Stabilization of Metal Membrane Catalysts (MMCs) for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. ACS Catal 9, 9518-9529 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G128","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I128","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K128","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M128","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A130","v":"Cu NPs supported on Vulcan XC72, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C130","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Vulcan XC72/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H130","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J130","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L130","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O130","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N130","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P130","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",12,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G130","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I130","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K130","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M130","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",18,"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A132","v":"Cu NPs supported on ENSACO-350 G, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C132","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","ENSACO-350 G/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H132","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J132","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L132","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O132","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N132","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P132","v":18},"?","CO2","-1.08 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",15,"D. Choukroun et al., Bifunctional Nickel–Nitrogen-Doped-Carbon-Supported Copper Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, 1369-1381 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G132","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I132","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K132","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M132","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL","Supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumatech\nFAA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?",1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A134","v":"CuO nanoplates mixed with MWCNTs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C134","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NSs",{"$f":"H134","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J134","v":"Fumatech\nFAA"},{"$f":"L134","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O134","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N134","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P134","v":"?"},1,"CO","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",42,"R. Xia, J.-J. Lv, X. Ma, F. Jiao, Enhanced multi-carbon selectivity via CO electroreduction approach. Journal of Catalysis 398, 185-191 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G134","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I134","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K134","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M134","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A136","v":"Cu-based TMC (terephthalate), on glassy carbon (?)"},{"$f":"C136","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-terephalate",{"$f":"H136","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J136","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L136","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O136","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N136","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P136","v":25},1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",50,"Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Tan, S. Hong, Z. Sun, Facile synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 16, 246-254 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G136","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K136","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M136","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A138","v":"Conductive dinuclear Cu-based TMC ([Cu2(ophen)2] (Cuophen) with ophen = 1H-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one), on GDL"},{"$f":"C138","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-ophen",{"$f":"H138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J138","v":"?"},{"$f":"L138","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O138","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N138","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P138","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-52\nmA/cm2",55,"J.-M. Heng et al., A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 at Industrial Current Density. Research 2022, 0008 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G138","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I138","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K138","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M138","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A140","v":"Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-derived Cu NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C140","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","TCNQ/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H140","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J140","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L140","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O140","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N140","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P140","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",56,"X. Huang et al., Copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane-derived copper electrocatalysts for highly selective carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nano Research 15, 7910-7916 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G140","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I140","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K140","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M140","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2",25,"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A142","v":"Cu NPs supported on N-doped (0.17 at.%) carbon, on GDL"},{"$f":"C142","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H142","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J142","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L142","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O142","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N142","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P142","v":25},"?","CO","-0.91 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-580\nmA/cm2",22,"Z. Liu et al., Surface Energy Tuning on Cu/NC Catalysts for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 12, 12555-12562 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G142","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I142","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K142","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M142","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustainion X37 50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A144","v":"CuO NPs supported on N-doped C, on GDL"},{"$f":"C144","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N-CNPs/CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H144","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J144","v":"Sustainion X37 50"},{"$f":"L144","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O144","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N144","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P144","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",35,"Y. Zhang et al., Multicarbons generation factory: CuO/Ni single atoms tandem catalyst for boosting the productivity of CO2 electrocatalysis. Science Bulletin 67, 1679-1687 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G144","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I144","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K144","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M144","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A146","v":"Cu NPs embedded in carbon matrix derived from pyrolysis of benzoxazine, mixed with PTFE (25 wt%), on GDL"},{"$f":"C146","v":"Cu, C"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pyrolysis_C/CuOx",{"$f":"H146","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J146","v":"FAB-PK-75"},{"$f":"L146","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O146","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N146","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P146","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.58 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",49,"V. Chanda et al., A CuOx/Cu/C electrocatalyst-based gas diffusion electrode for the electroreduction of CO2 with high selectivity to C2H4. Electrochemical Science Advances 3, e2100200 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G146","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K146","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M146","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Vulcan XC-72/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,"?","CO2"," -1.65 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A148","v":"CuOx NPs supported on Vulcan XC-72, on GDL"},"Cu, C","Nafion",{"$nulls":8},"?",null,null,null,46,"V. S. R. K. Tandava, M. C. Spadaro, J. Arbiol, S. Murcia-López, J. R. Morante, Hydrothermal Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Oxide-Derived Copper Heterostructures: A Robust Catalyst System for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of CO2 to C2H4. ChemSusChem 16, e202300344 (2023)."]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","PFRC/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.64 V\nvs. RHE","-1268\nmA/cm2",47,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A150","v":"CuO NSs supported on phenol formaldehyde resin carbon (PFRC), on GDL"},"Cu, C","Nafion",{"$nulls":12},47,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023)."]
[]
["CuO NSs supported on VXC-72r, on GDL","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","VXC-72r/CuO_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -0.66 V\nvs. RHE","?",44,"H. Tang et al., Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Journal of CO2 Utilization 67, 102320 (2023)."]
[]
["CuBaCO3 NPs supported on MWCNTs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Supported","Cu, Ba, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MWCNT/CuBaCO3_NP","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",43,"F.-Y. Wu et al., Copper–barium-decorated carbon-nanotube composite for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2 products. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 13217-13222 (2023)."]
[]
["{100}-rich Cu NPs derived from reconstruction of Cu-tannic acid NSs, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Tannic/CuOx_NPs2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-2.16 V\nvs. RHE","-700\nmA/cm2",61,"M. Wu et al., Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2302851120 (2023)."]
[]
["Cubic Cu2O microparticles (1 μm) supported on carbon black, on glassy carbon","Supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd_50nm/Cu2O_1um/CNPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite rod","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",44,"D. Xiao et al., Stabilizing Cu2O for enhancing selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 with the modification of Pd nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal 452, 139358 (2023)."]
[]
["Cu NPs encapsulated in cub mesoporous carbon (CMK-8), on GDL","Supported","Cu, C, N","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CMK-8/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Fuel Cell Store\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",51,"B. Chen et al., Tandem Catalysis for Enhanced CO2 to Ethylene Conversion in Neutral Media. Advanced Functional Materials n/a, 2310029."]
[]
["Binuclear Cu phenanthroline TMC mixed with graphite powder, on carbon paper","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Phenanthroline/Cu_TMC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Glass frit","(DIAPH)","0.1 M CsHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.25 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",42,"N. Liu et al., Heterogenized Molecular Electrocatalyst Based on a Hydroxo-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Phenanthroline Compound for Selective Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene. Advanced Materials n/a, 2309526."]
[]
["Self-assembling Cu-TMC (Bis(triphenylphosphine) Cu(I) nitrate) nanorods supported on XC-72R, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TMC_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","?","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,1,"CO2","-0.96 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",45,"P. Wang et al., Molecular Assembled Electrocatalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Fixation to C2+ Products. ACS Nano 16, 17021-17032 (2022)."]
[]
["Cu-TMC (Copper(II) meso -tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) NSs, on glassy carbon","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",41,"M. Sun, Z. Tao, X. Xu, S. Min, L. Kang, Effect of morphology and structure of CuTCPP nanomaterials on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane and ethylene. Applied Catalysis A: General 666, 119406 (2023)."]
[]
["CuOx NPs prepared through thermal reduction of Cu(acac)2-oleylamine complex, on GDL","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Oleylamine/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-360\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Liu et al., Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with Cu-oleylamine based nanoparticles synthesized by simple thermal treatment. Fuel 348, 128498 (2023)."]
[]
["Ultrafine Cu NPs supported on N-functionalized carbon, on carbon paper","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N,C/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.05 V\nvs. RHE","-208\nmA/cm2",61,"Cao, Y. et al. Stimulating the C−C coupling ability of ultrafine copper nanoclusters via nitrogen coordination for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 361, 124704, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124704 (2025)."]
[]
["In-situ generated Cu NPs from 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based Cu-TMC, on Cu-sputtered PTFE","TMC, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","3-(2-Pyridyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-based/Cu-TMC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.05 M H2SO4 + 2.5 M KCl","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.05 M H2SO4","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","IrO2/Ti felt","?","?","CO2","-1.64 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",62,"Kim, D. et al. Acid-Stable Cu Cluster Precatalysts Enable High Energy and Carbon Efficiency in CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 27701-27712, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c09230 (2024)."]
[]
["Dual-site single atom copper on N-doped carbon derived from pyrolysis of Cu-impregnated MOF, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-SAC/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","? Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","? Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-180\nmA/cm2",52,"Heng, J.-M., Zhu, H.-L., Zhao, Z.-H., Liao, P.-Q. & Chen, X.-M. Fabrication of Ultrahigh-Loading Dual Copper Sites in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Boosting Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 Under Neutral Conditions. Advanced Materials n/a, 2415101, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415101."]
[]
["Cu2O NPs supported on CNTs modified with Cu-based COF, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-COF/CNTs/Cu2O","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-44\nmA/cm2",71,"He, Q. et al. Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual-Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic-Tandem Strategy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202407090, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407090 (2024)."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[]
["Post-annealed, electrodeposited Cu2O MPs \"supported on\" roughened N-doped graphite paper","Supported","Cu, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuO_NPs/N-graphite","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-24\nmA/cm2",35,"Yan, Z. et al. The in situ growth of Cu2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Catalysis Science & Technology 11, 6742-6749, doi:10.1039/D1CY01099A (2021)."]
[]
["N-doped graphene quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/graphene-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-348\nmA/cm2",35,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020)."]
[]
["N-doped carbon quantum dots supported on CuOx NRs, on a \"PTFE membrane\"","Supported","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","N/carbon-Q-dot/CuO_NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",46,"Chen, C. et al. Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Alcohols on Heterogeneous Dual Active Sites. Angewandte Chemie 132, 16601-16606, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202006847 (2020)."]
[]
["C-doped (\"6%\") CuOX NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.72 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1250\nmA/cm2",54,"Dong, X. et al. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products with ampere-level current on carbon-modified copper catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 41, 100024, doi:https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012 (2025)."]

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[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":29},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion (top-coat)"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C"},{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.56 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion (top-coat)","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu-MOF calcination derived grainboundary-rich CuOx NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion (top-coat)"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Calcined Cu-MOF CuOx/C"},{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.01 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",63,"S. Kim, D. Shin, J. Park, J.-Y. Jung, H. Song, Grain Boundary-Rich Copper Nanocatalysts Generated from Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for CO2-to-C2+ Electroconversion. Advanced Science 10, 2207187 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Distorted/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Calcination-distorted Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O), on GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"Distorted/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J22","v":"?"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.07 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-262\nmA/cm2",45,"D.-H. Nam et al., Metal–Organic Frameworks Mediate Cu Coordination for Selective CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, 11378-11386 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Calcined/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on glassy carbon (?)"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D24","v":"-"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"Calcined/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Graphite"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","?",51,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Calcined (265 C) Cu-MOF [HKUST-1] (C18H6Cu3O12, Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate)2·xH2O)-derived CuOx/C, on GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"Calcined/Cu-MOF_GDL"},{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Fumasep\nFAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-320\nmA/cm2",50,"K. Yao et al., Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 11117-11123 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-2DMOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",50,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Exfoiliated 2D MOF obtained from combining copper(II) acetylacetonate with (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxyphthalo-\ncyaninato)copper(II), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"Cu-2DMOF"},{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?",{"$f":"R28","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S28","v":"-1.2 V\nvs. RHE"},"-7\nmA/cm2",50,"X.-F. Qiu, H.-L. Zhu, J.-R. Huang, P.-Q. Liao, X.-M. Chen, Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Active Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, 7242-7246 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D30","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E30","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F30","v":"Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L30","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.37 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-38\nmA/cm2",70,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 MOF supported on Ketjen Black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, O, C"},{"$f":"D32","v":"-"},{"$f":"E32","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F32","v":"Semi-conductive/Cu-MOF_GDL"},{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Fumasep\nFAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.82 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",53,"H. Sun et al., Promoting ethylene production over a wide potential window on Cu crystallites induced and stabilized via current shock and charge delocalization. Nature Communications 12, 6823 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Activated/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"In-situ formed Cu2O ultra-small NPs derived from CO2RR/KCl electro-activated Cu(Pyrazole)2 MOF, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},{"$f":"D34","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E34","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F34","v":"Activated/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H34","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L34","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.03 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-18\nmA/cm2",70,"C. Liu et al., In Situ Reconstruction of Cu–N Coordinated MOFs to Generate Dispersive Cu/Cu2O Nanoclusters for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. ACS Catal 12, 15230-15240 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","MOF-derived/Cu_NS","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"CuO nanosheets derived from calcining CuII/adeninato/carboxylato-MOFs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D36","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E36","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F36","v":"MOF-derived/Cu_NS"},{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",45,"F. Yang et al., Highly efficient electroconversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons by cathodized copper–organic frameworks. Chemical Science 10, 7975-7981 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, O, S"},{"$f":"D38","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E38","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F38","v":"S-doped/Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.32 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",60,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, S","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Sulfur-doped Cu-MOF Cu3(benzene-1,3,5-\ntricarboxylate)2∙xH2O, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, O, S"},{"$f":"D40","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E40","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F40","v":"S-doped/Cu-MOF-GDE"},{"$f":"H40","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J40","v":"?"},{"$f":"L40","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.09 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",57,"C. F. Wen et al., Highly Ethylene-Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Enabled by Isolated Cu−S Motifs in Metal–Organic Framework Based Precatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202111700 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite",25,"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu-MOF [azolate] / Cu(I) 3,5-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazolate, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, O"},{"$f":"D42","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F42","v":"Cu-MOF"},{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Graphite"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",52,"L.-L. Zhuo et al., Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202204967 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu, C","Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Imidazolium-functionalized cationic covalent triazine framework-stabilized Cu NPs supported on Ketjen Black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D44","v":"Nafion, imidazolium-functionalized\ncationic covalent triazine framework"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F44","v":"Imidazolium-COF/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",35,"M.-J. Mao et al., Imidazolium-Functionalized Cationic Covalent Triazine Frameworks Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction. ChemCatChem 12, 3530-3536 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu2+ based hydrogen-bonded network, on GDL (carbon paper modified with PTFE-coated carbon spheres)"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D46","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F46","v":"Tetraminobenzo-quinone/Cu"},{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-\nPK-130"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.17 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-423\nmA/cm2",53,"F. Zhang et al., Tuning d-Band Structure of CuII in Coordinated Polymer via d–π Conjugation for Improving CO2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward C2 Products. ChemSusChem 15, e202201267 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","π-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"[Cu3(HBtz  = benzotriazole)3(Btz)Cl2] based, π-π stacking-driven network, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D48","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E48","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F48","v":"π-MOF/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",44,"H.-L. Zhu et al., A Porous π–π Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, 13319-13326 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"{111}-rich 6 nm Cu NPs supported on Cu-tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone (THQ) MOF, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D50","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E50","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F50","v":"THQ-MOF/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",42,"Z.-H. Zhao et al., A Cu(111)@metal–organic framework as a tandem catalyst for highly selective CO2 electroreduction to C2H4. Chemical Communications 57, 12764-12767 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Azolate/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Cu MOF ([Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ3-trz)3(OH)2(H2O)4]·xH2O)-derived CuOx NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D52","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E52","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F52","v":"Azolate/CuOx_NPs"},{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-250\nmA/cm2",50,"D.-S. Huang et al., A Stable and Low-Cost Metal-Azolate Framework with Cyclic Tricopper Active Sites for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal 12, 8444-8450 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D54","v":"-"},{"$f":"E54","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F54","v":"H2O-etch/Cu_MOF"},{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 + 0.1 M KCl (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.40 V\nvs. RHE","-23\nmA/cm2",67,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Water-etched Cu MOF ([Cu2(benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid,)(OH)(H2O)]n·2nH2O), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D56","v":"-"},{"$f":"E56","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F56","v":"H2O-etch/Cu_MOF#2"},{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J56","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.73 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-350\nmA/cm2",65,"C. F. Wen et al., A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4 electrolysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, 12121-12129 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_MOF-NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti",25,1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Quasi-1D Cu MOF (Cu(OH)[1,2,3-benzotriazolate]) nanowires, on GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu"},{"$f":"D58","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E58","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F58","v":"Cu_MOF-NWs"},{"$f":"H58","v":"-"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Sustainion\nx37-50-grade-60"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O58","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":25},1,"CO2","-3.8 V\nvs. ANODE","-240\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Liang et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C-C coupling. Nature Communications 14, 474 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate","MOF, supported","Cu","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Cu MOF ([Cu2(L1)2(L2)(H2O)2]·SO4·2H2O)-functionalized Cu plate"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_PLATE",{"$f":"H60","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J60","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.11 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-17\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yan, P. Wang, W.-Y. Sun, Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Small 19, 2206070 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","?","?","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Cu NPs supported on a Cu MOF  ([perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)-Cu-Cl2(H2O)2]n), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu"},"Nafion, perylene tetracarboxylic di-(propyl imidazole)","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J62","v":"?"},{"$f":"L62","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.9 V\nvs. RHE","-73\nmA/cm2",31,"Y. Zhang et al., A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper–nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nanoscale 15, 1092-1098 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"?"},{"$f":"M62","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Ultrafine CuO NPs supported on 2D copper 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene (1,4‐BDC) MOF, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","MOF-supported CuO_NPs",{"$f":"H64","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L64","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P64","v":25},1,"CO2"," -1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-14\nmA/cm2",50,"L. Wang et al., Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 43, 1049-1057 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KBr","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet","?","?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Cu2O NPs supported on a Cu MOF (CU-BDC / terephthalic acid), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-MOF/Cu2O_NPs",{"$f":"H66","v":"0.1 M KBr"},{"$f":"J66","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L66","v":"0.1 M KBr"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",32,"C. Liu et al., Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over Cu2O-Decorated 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Rich Heterogeneous Interfaces. Nano Letters 23, 1474-1480 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 211","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Cu2O NPs electroplated on Cu-CuTCPP MOF nanosheets, on GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu2O_NP/Cu-TCPP_NSs",{"$f":"H68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Nafion 211"},{"$f":"L68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",62,"M. Sun et al., Controllable preparation of Cu2O/Cu-CuTCPP MOF heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Applied Surface Science 659, 159937 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"2D Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes supported on carbon powder, on GDL"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-phen/NSs",{"$f":"H70","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-88\nmA/cm2",48,"Zhou, W. et al. Two-dimensional Cu-phenylalanine nanoflakes for efficient and robust CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Chemical Communications, doi:10.1039/D4CC05749J (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper","MOF, supported","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Magnetic-assisted catalysis on spin ordered/disordered Cu-based MOF (HKUST) via partial-H2O replacement with TEMPOL, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","High-spin/TEMPOL/Cu-MOF",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J72","v":"?"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O72","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.8 V\nvs. Ag/AgCl","-10\nmA/cm2",50,"Yin, B. et al. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63, e202405873, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202405873 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"?"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510.",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Triazolate-based Cu MOF, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Triazolate/Cu-MOF",{"$f":"H74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"-"},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Graphite"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P74","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-6\nmA/cm2",53,"Zheng, K. et al. Isomeric Cu(I) Azolate Frameworks Showing Contrasting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivities and Stabilities. Small n/a, 2408510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408510."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","-","(n/a)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Graphite","?","?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"Ultrathin 'wavy' Cu-MOF based nanosheets, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","wavy/Cu-MOF_NSs",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J76","v":"-"},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Graphite"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",52,"Zheng, K. et al. Bending two-dimensional Cu(i)-based coordination networks to inverse electrocatalytic HER/CO2RR selectivity. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 16396-16402, doi:10.1039/D4TA01982B (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL","MOF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051.",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Anionic Cu-MOF (a-HKUST1) NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Anionic/Cu-MOF",{"$f":"H78","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J78","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L78","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.70 V\nvs. RHE","-150\nmA/cm2",56,"Wen, C. F. et al. Anionic Metal–Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons. Small n/a, 2405051, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405051."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)","MOF, supported","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foam","?","?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591.",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Cu-based MOF with dual-Cu sites, on a GDL (XGL\n29bc)"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu"},"? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Dual-Cu/MOF",{"$f":"H80","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J80","v":"Fumasep FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L80","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Pt foam"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.6 V\nvs. RHE","-920\nmA/cm2",51,"Chen, S. et al. Copper Atom Pairs Stabilize *OCCO Dipole Toward Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202411591, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411591."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF",{"$f":"H82","v":"0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"J82","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.47 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-28\nmA/cm2",31,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper","COF, supported","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.3 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Cu NPs supported on a Cu COF (\"4.8%\"), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu_NPs/COF",{"$f":"H84","v":"0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"J84","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L84","v":"0.3 M KCl"},{"$f":"O84","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":"?"},"?","CO","-1.5 V - iR\nvs. SHE","?",35,"Ma, L. et al. Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites. ACS Catal 10, 4534-4542, doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c00243 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon","MOF","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Cu-based MOF NPs (109 nm) with many grain boundaries, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu_NPs/MOF",{"$f":"H86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V - iR\nvs. SHE","-13\nmA/cm2",55,"Wang, J. et al. Simultaneous Defect and Size Control of Metal–Organic Framework Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products. ACS Materials Letters 5, 2121-2130, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00567 (2023)."]
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["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu/supra_MPs",{"$f":"H88","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J88","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L88","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O88","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",60,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025)."]
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["Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon","Supramolecular","Cu","? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni mesh","?","?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted (\"P2\") self-assembled Cu-based supramolecular polymer MPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu"},"? Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu/supra_MPs",{"$f":"H90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J90","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L90","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O90","v":"Ni mesh"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-128\nmA/cm2",62,"Wang, C. et al. The regulation of hydrogen bond network promotes highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 366, 125006, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.125006 (2025)."]
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["†_Cu-C-core/shell,1Electrode manufacturing unspecified, but must be on a GDL considering the reported current density"]
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[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst type","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, carbon shell","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","N-carbon_Cu-NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Reductively calcined (350 C) dopamine-derived N-functionalized carbon-shell functionalized Cu NPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D18","v":"Nafion, carbon shell"},{"$f":"E18","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F18","v":"N-carbon_Cu-NPs"},{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",54,"Y. Cui et al., NxC-Induced Switching of Methane and Ethylene Products’ Selectivity from CO2 Electroreduction over Cu Catalyst. ACS Catal 13, 11625-11633 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Sustanion\nX37-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti frit","?","?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Thin quasi-graphitic carbon-shell functionalized, N-doped Cu NPs supported on carbon fibers, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion, quasi-graphitic carbon shell"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"C-shell_N/Cu-NPs_CNT"},{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Sustanion\nX37-50"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"IrO2/Ti frit"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.69 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",71,"J.-Y. Kim et al., Quasi-graphitic carbon shell-induced Cu confinement promotes electrocatalytic CO2 reduction toward C2+ products. Nature Communications 12, 3765 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper","Core/shell","Cu, O, C, N","C3N4","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C3N4/CuOx","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt plate",25,1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"CuOx NPs with carbon nitride shell, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O, C, N"},{"$f":"D22","v":"C3N4"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"C3N4/CuOx"},{"$f":"H22","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt plate"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-40\nmA/cm2",42,"W. Lin et al., A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene. ChemSusChem 14, 3190-3197 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","C-shell_N/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","QAPPT","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu NPs with nitrogen-doped carbon shell prepared with a mass ratio of Cu to 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane of 20:4 and calcined at 350 °C, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, C, N"},{"$f":"D24","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"C-shell_N/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J24","v":"QAPPT"},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",43,"Z. Li et al., Interface-Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity on the C2 Products of CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 11, 2473-2482 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Core/shell","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrTaOx/Ti","?","?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"CuOx NPs with hydrophobic porous carbon shell, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, C"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"C-shell/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J26","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O26","v":"IrTaOx/Ti"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-300\nmA/cm2",52,"X. Y. Zhang et al., Selective methane electrosynthesis enabled by a hydrophobic carbon coated copper core–shell architecture. Energy & Environmental Science 15, 234-243 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate","Core/shell","Cu, C, N","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Cu NCs with N/C shell obtained via in-situ reconstruction of Cu-based MOF (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), on Cu foil substrate"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, C, N"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu-MOF/Cu_foil",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","-27\nmA/cm2",50,"Zhang, N. & Zhang, Y. Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to ethylene on Cu nanocube coated with nitrogen-doped carbon shell in-situ electro-derived from metal-organic framework. Chemical Engineering Journal 499, 156694, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156694 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1","Core/shell","Cu, C","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Cu NPs with carbon shell, supported on mesoporous carbon nanofibers, on a GDL†_Cu-C-core/shell,1"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, C"},"?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/Cu_NPs/C-fiber",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAA-3-PK-75"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.27 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",40,"Bae, D., Lee, T., Kwon, W., Oh, S.-H. & Nam, D.-H. Porous Cu/C nanofibers promote electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion via high CO2 availability. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 12, 17295-17305, doi:10.1039/D4TA02358G (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",null,{"$f":"#REF!","v":{"$error":"#REF!"}},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, O, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"\"Anionic membrane\""},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Ir-black/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.88 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-560\nmA/cm2",29,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Hydrogen annealed, Cu-MOF derived Cu NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL","Core/shell, MOF","Cu, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Anionic membrane\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ir-black/Ti mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Cu-MOF derived, CuOx NPs with carbon shell (2 nm), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","C-shell/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"\"Anionic membrane\""},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Ir-black/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.98 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-339\nmA/cm2",28,"Zang, Y. et al. Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuO Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202209629, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202209629 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
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["†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Bi-phasic/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, W","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, W"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, W, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, W, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core",{"$f":"H20","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"?"},{"$f":"L20","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Sr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Sr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA_3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Sr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2",{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"FAA_3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Se"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs",{"$f":"H26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L26","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Se"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs",{"$f":"H28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L28","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Se","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Se"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J30","v":"FAB–PK–130"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P30","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sc","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, Sc"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J32","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Sc","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Sc"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc",{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J34","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O34","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Sb"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs",{"$f":"H36","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L36","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon","Single atom","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, Sb, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, Sb, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs",{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Sb"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer",{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J42","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, Ru"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O44","v":"DSA"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, O, Ru"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J46","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L46","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O46","v":"MMO"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperION (or Sustainion?)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO",40,"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, O, Ru"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H48","v":"-"},{"$f":"J48","v":"PiperION (or Sustainion?)"},{"$f":"L48","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O48","v":"MMO"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":40},"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Rh"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Rh"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J52","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L52","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Ni foil"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Pt"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J54","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L54","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O54","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N54","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1","X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Pt"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J56","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L56","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O56","v":"Ni/Fe on Ni foam"},{"$f":"N56","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1","X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pt, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Pt, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H58","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L58","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O58","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N58","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pt","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Cu, Pt"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J60","v":"\"Sustanion\""},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M60","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mo","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion® AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Cu, Mo"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu",{"$f":"H62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J62","v":"Selemion® AMV"},{"$f":"L62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Cu, Mn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H64","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J64","v":"X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P64","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",23,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A66","v":"Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C66","v":"Cu, Mn, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H66","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J66","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L66","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O66","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N66","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P66","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",23,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K66","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M66","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mn, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Mn, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H68","v":"-"},{"$f":"J68","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L68","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O68","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, In"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H70","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J70","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L70","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O70","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137.",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, In"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu",{"$f":"H72","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J72","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L72","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O72","v":"?"},{"$f":"N72","v":"?"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, In, F"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H74","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J74","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L74","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P74","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ge, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, Ge, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H76","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J76","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L76","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P76","v":25},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, Bi, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, Bi"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H80","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J80","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L80","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O80","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P80","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, Bi"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J82","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L82","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O82","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A84","v":0},{"$f":"C84","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H84","v":0},{"$f":"J84","v":0},{"$f":"L84","v":0},{"$f":"O84","v":0},{"$f":"N84","v":0},{"$f":"P84","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":0},null,{"$f":"I84","v":0},{"$f":"K84","v":0},{"$f":"M84","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A86","v":0},{"$f":"C86","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H86","v":0},{"$f":"J86","v":0},{"$f":"L86","v":0},{"$f":"O86","v":0},{"$f":"N86","v":0},{"$f":"P86","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":0},null,{"$f":"I86","v":0},{"$f":"K86","v":0},{"$f":"M86","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A88","v":0},{"$f":"C88","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H88","v":0},{"$f":"J88","v":0},{"$f":"L88","v":0},{"$f":"O88","v":0},{"$f":"N88","v":0},{"$f":"P88","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":0},null,{"$f":"I88","v":0},{"$f":"K88","v":0},{"$f":"M88","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A90","v":0},{"$f":"C90","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H90","v":0},{"$f":"J90","v":0},{"$f":"L90","v":0},{"$f":"O90","v":0},{"$f":"N90","v":0},{"$f":"P90","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":0},null,{"$f":"I90","v":0},{"$f":"K90","v":0},{"$f":"M90","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A92","v":0},{"$f":"C92","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H92","v":0},{"$f":"J92","v":0},{"$f":"L92","v":0},{"$f":"O92","v":0},{"$f":"N92","v":0},{"$f":"P92","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":0},null,{"$f":"I92","v":0},{"$f":"K92","v":0},{"$f":"M92","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A94","v":0},{"$f":"C94","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H94","v":0},{"$f":"J94","v":0},{"$f":"L94","v":0},{"$f":"O94","v":0},{"$f":"N94","v":0},{"$f":"P94","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":0},null,{"$f":"I94","v":0},{"$f":"K94","v":0},{"$f":"M94","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A96","v":0},{"$f":"C96","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H96","v":0},{"$f":"J96","v":0},{"$f":"L96","v":0},{"$f":"O96","v":0},{"$f":"N96","v":0},{"$f":"P96","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":0},null,{"$f":"I96","v":0},{"$f":"K96","v":0},{"$f":"M96","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A98","v":0},{"$f":"C98","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H98","v":0},{"$f":"J98","v":0},{"$f":"L98","v":0},{"$f":"O98","v":0},{"$f":"N98","v":0},{"$f":"P98","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":0},null,{"$f":"I98","v":0},{"$f":"K98","v":0},{"$f":"M98","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A100","v":0},{"$f":"C100","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H100","v":0},{"$f":"J100","v":0},{"$f":"L100","v":0},{"$f":"O100","v":0},{"$f":"N100","v":0},{"$f":"P100","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":0},null,{"$f":"I100","v":0},{"$f":"K100","v":0},{"$f":"M100","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A102","v":0},{"$f":"C102","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H102","v":0},{"$f":"J102","v":0},{"$f":"L102","v":0},{"$f":"O102","v":0},{"$f":"N102","v":0},{"$f":"P102","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":0},null,{"$f":"I102","v":0},{"$f":"K102","v":0},{"$f":"M102","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A104","v":0},{"$f":"C104","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H104","v":0},{"$f":"J104","v":0},{"$f":"L104","v":0},{"$f":"O104","v":0},{"$f":"N104","v":0},{"$f":"P104","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":0},null,{"$f":"I104","v":0},{"$f":"K104","v":0},{"$f":"M104","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A106","v":0},{"$f":"C106","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H106","v":0},{"$f":"J106","v":0},{"$f":"L106","v":0},{"$f":"O106","v":0},{"$f":"N106","v":0},{"$f":"P106","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":0},null,{"$f":"I106","v":0},{"$f":"K106","v":0},{"$f":"M106","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A108","v":0},{"$f":"C108","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H108","v":0},{"$f":"J108","v":0},{"$f":"L108","v":0},{"$f":"O108","v":0},{"$f":"N108","v":0},{"$f":"P108","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":0},null,{"$f":"I108","v":0},{"$f":"K108","v":0},{"$f":"M108","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A110","v":0},{"$f":"C110","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H110","v":0},{"$f":"J110","v":0},{"$f":"L110","v":0},{"$f":"O110","v":0},{"$f":"N110","v":0},{"$f":"P110","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":0},null,{"$f":"I110","v":0},{"$f":"K110","v":0},{"$f":"M110","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A112","v":0},{"$f":"C112","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H112","v":0},{"$f":"J112","v":0},{"$f":"L112","v":0},{"$f":"O112","v":0},{"$f":"N112","v":0},{"$f":"P112","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":0},null,{"$f":"I112","v":0},{"$f":"K112","v":0},{"$f":"M112","v":0},0]

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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Bi-phasic/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, W","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal W/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, W"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/W-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.6 V\nvs. RHE","-104\nmA/cm2",14,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL","Core/shell, A-supports-B","Cu, W, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","5.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt slice",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Core/shell NPs with Cu shell and Cu4W10 core, supported on carbon black, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, W, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu-shell/Cu4W10-core",{"$f":"H20","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"?"},{"$f":"L20","v":"5.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt slice"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",42,"D. Xiang et al., Theory-guided synthesis of heterostructured Cu@Cu0.4W0.6 catalyst towards superior electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products. Materials Today Physics 33, 101045 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Sr/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Sr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sr-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-173\nmA/cm2",21,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Sr, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA_3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"SrCuO2 pre-catalyst supported on vulcan, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Sr, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","SrCuO2",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA_3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.83 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",37,"X. K. Lu, B. Lu, H. Li, K. Lim, L. C. Seitz, Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+ Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 12, 6663-6671 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Se"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-13\nmA/cm2",41,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Se","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Selenized Cu NWs (Cu/Se ratio of 1.8:1) supported on Cu foam"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Se"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Cu1.8Se_NWs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},10,"CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-15\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. Mi, X. Peng, X. Liu, J. Luo, Selective Formation of C2 Products from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over Cu1.8Se Nanowires. ACS Applied Energy Materials 1, 5119-5123 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Se","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB–PK–130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil",25,"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Se/Cu NPs (54 nm) distributed on porous carbon, derived from calcination (450 °C) of Se-doped Cu MOF"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Se"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Se/Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAB–PK–130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},"?","CO2","-0.83 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-239\nmA/cm2",35,"S. Li et al., Operando Reconstruction of Porous Carbon Supported Copper Selenide Promotes the C2 Production from CO2RR. Advanced Functional Materials 34, 2311989 (2024)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sc","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","NEOSEPTA, AHA","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Foamed Ni","?","?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Alloy/mixed metal Sc/Cu (1:3 ratio) microparticles, on GDL - obtained via reduction of mixed nitrate salt with NaBH4 over 12h period"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Sc"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","1:3/Sc-Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"NEOSEPTA, AHA"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Foamed Ni"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-204\nmA/cm2",18,"M. Xie et al., Fast Screening for Copper-Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on Magnesium-Modified Copper. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, e202213423 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL","Alloyed/doped","Cu, Sc","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","NiFeOx/Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656.",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Sc/Cu alloy layer (5% Sc) (400 nm) sputtered on a GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Sc"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Sputter/Cu-Sc",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-50"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"NiFeOx/Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",31,"Crandall, B. S. et al. Cu Based Dilute Alloys for Tuning the C2+ Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Small n/a, 2401656, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401656."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A22","v":0},{"$f":"C22","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H22","v":0},{"$f":"J22","v":0},{"$f":"L22","v":0},{"$f":"O22","v":0},{"$f":"N22","v":0},{"$f":"P22","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":0},null,{"$f":"I22","v":0},{"$f":"K22","v":0},{"$f":"M22","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze","?","?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Cu10Sb1 NPs, on carbon paper - prepared via co-precipitation"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Sb"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Sb1_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.19 V\nvs. RHE","-29\nmA/cm2",50,"S. Jia et al., Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on copper–antimony bimetallic alloy catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 41, 1091-1098 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon","Single atom","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Oxygen vacancy-rich CuOx NPs with atomically dispersed Sb atoms, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Sb, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb-SAC/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Chu et al., Single atom and defect engineering of CuO for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. SmartMat 3, 194-205 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Sb-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Sb, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/CuOx_NRs",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","?","-5\nmA/cm2",40,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Sb","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Cu/Sb (2 at. % Sb) thin film on Si wafer prepared via DC sputtering"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Sb"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Sb/Cu/Si_wafer",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.15 V\nvs. RHE","?",20,"Y. Lai et al., The sensitivity of Cu for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons as revealed by high throughput experiments. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, 26785-26790 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil","Core/shell","Cu, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Selemion AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","DSA",25,1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Commercial Cu NPs with Ru shell prepared through galvanic displacement, on Cu foil"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ru"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ru/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Selemion AMV"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"DSA"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.55 V\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",19,"J. T. Billy, A. C. Co, Reducing the onset potential of CO2 electroreduction on CuRu bimetallic particles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, 911-918 (2018)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO","?","?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, O, Ru"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"MMO"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.7 V\nvs. RHE","-107\nmA/cm2",25,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, O, Ru","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","PiperION (or Sustainion?)","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","MMO",40,"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Ru-doped (1 at%) CuOx NWs derived from annealing Cu(OH)2 NW functionalized Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, O, Ru"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ru/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H22","v":"-"},{"$f":"J22","v":"PiperION (or Sustainion?)"},{"$f":"L22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"MMO"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":40},"?","CO","-2.28 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",33,"Zhou, G. et al. Concentrated C2+ Alcohol Production Enabled by Post-Intermediate Modulation and Augmented CO Adsorption in CO Electrolysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 31788-31798, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10629 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Rh"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",27,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Rh","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Ni foil","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Atomically dispersed Rh-doped Cu2O (Rh:Cu = 0.004) MPs (ca. 1 µm) with rhombic dodecahedral shape , on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Rh"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Rh/Cu_MPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foil"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-178\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Feng et al., Promoting C–C coupling for CO2 reduction on Cu2O electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Rh atoms. Chemical Communications 60, 5550-5553 (2024)."]
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["†_Cu-Pt,1SI of publication did not provide per-product FEs for Cu/Pt catalyst, obtained deconvoluted FEs through a personal communication with the authors (provided as SI for this manuscript)","Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"CuPtx NPs prepared via ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement (atomic ratio not reported, likely Cu1Pt0.008) of commercial Cu NPs (100 nm), on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Pt"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.63 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-709\nmA/cm2",39,"J. Li et al., Enhanced multi-carbon alcohol electroproduction from CO via modulated hydrogen adsorption. Nature Communications 11, 3685 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL","Core/shell","Cu, Pt","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni/Fe on Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1","X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"CuPt NPs (1:0.00797 at. ratio) prepared via galvanic replacement of Cu NPs (100 nm), on SGL 29BC GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Pt"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-1%/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni/Fe on Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","-500\nmA/cm2","25†_Cu-Pt,1","X. Li et al., Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi-Carbon Products. Small 19, 2302530 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Pt, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","3.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Dilute (atomically isolated) Pt-doped (2.2 wt%) Cu2O NCs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Pt, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt/Cu2O_NCs",{"$f":"H22","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"3.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-828\nmA/cm2",34,"Ma, F.-Y. et al. In situ revealing C–C coupling behavior for CO2 electroreduction on tensile strain Ptδ+–Cuδ+ dual sites. Rare Metals, doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02846-y (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, SAC","Cu, Pt","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Sustanion\"","(AEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"Ultralow (single atom, 1.1 wt%) surface Pt-doped Cu NPs, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, Pt"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pt-SAA/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H24","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J24","v":"\"Sustanion\""},{"$f":"L24","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-220\nmA/cm2",35,"Chhetri, M. et al. Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nature Communications 14, 3075, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38777-y (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":0},null,{"$f":"I56","v":0},{"$f":"K56","v":0},{"$f":"M56","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A58","v":0},{"$f":"C58","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H58","v":0},{"$f":"J58","v":0},{"$f":"L58","v":0},{"$f":"O58","v":0},{"$f":"N58","v":0},{"$f":"P58","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":0},null,{"$f":"I60","v":0},{"$f":"K60","v":0},{"$f":"M60","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G66","v":0},null,{"$f":"I66","v":0},{"$f":"K66","v":0},{"$f":"M66","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A68","v":0},{"$f":"C68","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H68","v":0},{"$f":"J68","v":0},{"$f":"L68","v":0},{"$f":"O68","v":0},{"$f":"N68","v":0},{"$f":"P68","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":0},null,{"$f":"I68","v":0},{"$f":"K68","v":0},{"$f":"M68","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A70","v":0},{"$f":"C70","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H70","v":0},{"$f":"J70","v":0},{"$f":"L70","v":0},{"$f":"O70","v":0},{"$f":"N70","v":0},{"$f":"P70","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":0},null,{"$f":"I70","v":0},{"$f":"K70","v":0},{"$f":"M70","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A72","v":0},{"$f":"C72","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H72","v":0},{"$f":"J72","v":0},{"$f":"L72","v":0},{"$f":"O72","v":0},{"$f":"N72","v":0},{"$f":"P72","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":0},null,{"$f":"I72","v":0},{"$f":"K72","v":0},{"$f":"M72","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A74","v":0},{"$f":"C74","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H74","v":0},{"$f":"J74","v":0},{"$f":"L74","v":0},{"$f":"O74","v":0},{"$f":"N74","v":0},{"$f":"P74","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":0},null,{"$f":"I74","v":0},{"$f":"K74","v":0},{"$f":"M74","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A76","v":0},{"$f":"C76","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H76","v":0},{"$f":"J76","v":0},{"$f":"L76","v":0},{"$f":"O76","v":0},{"$f":"N76","v":0},{"$f":"P76","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":0},null,{"$f":"I76","v":0},{"$f":"K76","v":0},{"$f":"M76","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A78","v":0},{"$f":"C78","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H78","v":0},{"$f":"J78","v":0},{"$f":"L78","v":0},{"$f":"O78","v":0},{"$f":"N78","v":0},{"$f":"P78","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mo","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Selemion® AMV","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Partial Mo overlayer (forming aggregates) sputter-deposited on {100}-oriented Cu-modified Si(100) substrate"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Mo"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Mo/Cu",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Selemion® AMV"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.0 V - iR\nvs. RHE","-8\nmA/cm2",16,"Y. F. Nishimura et al., Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 52044-52054 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Mn/Cu alloy (9.7 at. % Mn) NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Mn"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.8 V\nvs. RHE","-136\nmA/cm2",21,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Overlayer, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mn, O","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","?","?",23,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019).",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Mn(OH)x overlayer on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Mn, O"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ce(OH)x/Cu_sputtered",{"$f":"H20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","?","?",23,"M. Luo et al., Hydroxide promotes carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol on copper via tuning of adsorbed hydrogen. Nature Communications 10, 5814 (2019)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Core/shell (in-)organic","Cu, Mn, O","PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","X37-50 grade RT","(AEM)","0.1M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh",55,"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Mn-doped Cu(OH)2 NWs with a PTFE shell, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Mn, O"},"PTFE","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu(OH)2_NWs",{"$f":"H22","v":"-"},{"$f":"J22","v":"X37-50 grade RT"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"IrOx/Pt-Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":55},"?","CO2","-3.6 V\nvs. ANODE","-200\nmA/cm2",10,"Kim, D. et al. Guidelines for dopant selection in Cu catalysts to promote the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction for ethylene production. Journal of Energy Chemistry 103, 674-681, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2024.12.030 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":0},null,{"$f":"I52","v":0},{"$f":"K52","v":0},{"$f":"M52","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A54","v":0},{"$f":"C54","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H54","v":0},{"$f":"J54","v":0},{"$f":"L54","v":0},{"$f":"O54","v":0},{"$f":"N54","v":0},{"$f":"P54","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":0},null,{"$f":"I54","v":0},{"$f":"K54","v":0},{"$f":"M54","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":0},null,{"$f":"I58","v":0},{"$f":"K58","v":0},{"$f":"M58","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A60","v":0},{"$f":"C60","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H60","v":0},{"$f":"J60","v":0},{"$f":"L60","v":0},{"$f":"O60","v":0},{"$f":"N60","v":0},{"$f":"P60","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A62","v":0},{"$f":"C62","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H62","v":0},{"$f":"J62","v":0},{"$f":"L62","v":0},{"$f":"O62","v":0},{"$f":"N62","v":0},{"$f":"P62","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":0},null,{"$f":"I62","v":0},{"$f":"K62","v":0},{"$f":"M62","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A64","v":0},{"$f":"C64","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H64","v":0},{"$f":"J64","v":0},{"$f":"L64","v":0},{"$f":"O64","v":0},{"$f":"N64","v":0},{"$f":"P64","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":0},null,{"$f":"I64","v":0},{"$f":"K64","v":0},{"$f":"M64","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A66","v":0},{"$f":"C66","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H66","v":0},{"$f":"J66","v":0},{"$f":"L66","v":0},{"$f":"O66","v":0},{"$f":"N66","v":0},{"$f":"P66","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes","Alloyed/Doped, A-supports-B","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2","?","?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Thermodynamically unstable Cu9In1 NPs prepared via thermal shock, on carbon nanotubes"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, In"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Non-EQ_In/Cu_NPs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"IrO2"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":"?"},"?","CO","-0.70 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-50\nmA/cm2",26,"C. Yang et al., Overcoming immiscibility toward bimetallic catalyst library. Science Advances 6, eaaz6844 (2020)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M CsI","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137.",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu/In alloy prepared via co-electrodeposition with single-atom In sites, on carbon fiber"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, In"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","In-SAC/Cu",{"$f":"H20","v":"0.1 M CsI"},{"$f":"J20","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L20","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O20","v":"?"},{"$f":"N20","v":"?"},{"$f":"P20","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.3 V\nvs. RHE","-53\nmA/cm2",49,"T. Yao et al., Atomic Indium-Doped Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ChemCatChem n/a, e202400137."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"?"]
["F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, In, F","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"F-doped CuInOx (In/Cu = 0.06) NPs, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, In, F"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","F/In/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-216\nmA/cm2",41,"Gu, L. & Dutta Chowdhury, A. Altering preferential product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction over fluorine-modified CuIn bimetallic materials. Journal of Catalysis 439, 115768, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115768 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":0},null,{"$f":"I38","v":0},{"$f":"K38","v":0},{"$f":"M38","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":0},null,{"$f":"I40","v":0},{"$f":"K40","v":0},{"$f":"M40","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":0},null,{"$f":"I42","v":0},{"$f":"K42","v":0},{"$f":"M42","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":0},null,{"$f":"I50","v":0},{"$f":"K50","v":0},{"$f":"M50","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A56","v":0},{"$f":"C56","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H56","v":0},{"$f":"J56","v":0},{"$f":"L56","v":0},{"$f":"O56","v":0},{"$f":"N56","v":0},{"$f":"P56","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ge, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0  M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Ge-doped CuOx NCs (\"CuGe-II\"), on Toray GDL"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ge, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ge/CuOx_NCs",{"$f":"H18","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"J18","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L18","v":"1.0  M KOH"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","?","-900\nmA/cm2",47,"P. Li et al., p–d Orbital Hybridization Induced by p-Block Metal-Doped Cu Promotes the Formation of C2+ Products in Ampere-Level CO2 Electroreduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 145, 4675-4682 (2023)."]
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[null,"Core/shell"]
[null,"Cu with overlayer"]
[null,"Bi-phasic/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M H2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Bi-doped oxygen vacancy-rich CuO nanoribbons, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Bi, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Bi/CuOx_NRs",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M H2SO4"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.05 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-9\nmA/cm2",48,"W. Li et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 318, 121823 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Bi"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J20","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},1,"CO2","-0.75 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-450\nmA/cm2",48,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048.",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"Bi-doped Cu (3.7 wt% > 1.15 at. % Bi) derived from Bi-CuS precursor, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Bi"},"-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Bi-doped/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J22","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L22","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O22","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P22","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.15 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-25\nmA/cm2",43,"Y. Cao et al., Single Atom Bi Decorated Copper Alloy Enables C−C Coupling for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C2+ Products**. Angewandte Chemie International Edition n/a, e202303048."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A24","v":0},{"$f":"C24","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H24","v":0},{"$f":"J24","v":0},{"$f":"L24","v":0},{"$f":"O24","v":0},{"$f":"N24","v":0},{"$f":"P24","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":0},null,{"$f":"I24","v":0},{"$f":"K24","v":0},{"$f":"M24","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A26","v":0},{"$f":"C26","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H26","v":0},{"$f":"J26","v":0},{"$f":"L26","v":0},{"$f":"O26","v":0},{"$f":"N26","v":0},{"$f":"P26","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":0},null,{"$f":"I26","v":0},{"$f":"K26","v":0},{"$f":"M26","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A28","v":0},{"$f":"C28","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H28","v":0},{"$f":"J28","v":0},{"$f":"L28","v":0},{"$f":"O28","v":0},{"$f":"N28","v":0},{"$f":"P28","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":0},null,{"$f":"I28","v":0},{"$f":"K28","v":0},{"$f":"M28","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A30","v":0},{"$f":"C30","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H30","v":0},{"$f":"J30","v":0},{"$f":"L30","v":0},{"$f":"O30","v":0},{"$f":"N30","v":0},{"$f":"P30","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":0},null,{"$f":"I30","v":0},{"$f":"K30","v":0},{"$f":"M30","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A32","v":0},{"$f":"C32","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H32","v":0},{"$f":"J32","v":0},{"$f":"L32","v":0},{"$f":"O32","v":0},{"$f":"N32","v":0},{"$f":"P32","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":0},null,{"$f":"I32","v":0},{"$f":"K32","v":0},{"$f":"M32","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A34","v":0},{"$f":"C34","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H34","v":0},{"$f":"J34","v":0},{"$f":"L34","v":0},{"$f":"O34","v":0},{"$f":"N34","v":0},{"$f":"P34","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":0},null,{"$f":"I34","v":0},{"$f":"K34","v":0},{"$f":"M34","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A36","v":0},{"$f":"C36","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H36","v":0},{"$f":"J36","v":0},{"$f":"L36","v":0},{"$f":"O36","v":0},{"$f":"N36","v":0},{"$f":"P36","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":0},null,{"$f":"I36","v":0},{"$f":"K36","v":0},{"$f":"M36","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A38","v":0},{"$f":"C38","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H38","v":0},{"$f":"J38","v":0},{"$f":"L38","v":0},{"$f":"O38","v":0},{"$f":"N38","v":0},{"$f":"P38","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A40","v":0},{"$f":"C40","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H40","v":0},{"$f":"J40","v":0},{"$f":"L40","v":0},{"$f":"O40","v":0},{"$f":"N40","v":0},{"$f":"P40","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A42","v":0},{"$f":"C42","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H42","v":0},{"$f":"J42","v":0},{"$f":"L42","v":0},{"$f":"O42","v":0},{"$f":"N42","v":0},{"$f":"P42","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A44","v":0},{"$f":"C44","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H44","v":0},{"$f":"J44","v":0},{"$f":"L44","v":0},{"$f":"O44","v":0},{"$f":"N44","v":0},{"$f":"P44","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":0},null,{"$f":"I44","v":0},{"$f":"K44","v":0},{"$f":"M44","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A46","v":0},{"$f":"C46","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H46","v":0},{"$f":"J46","v":0},{"$f":"L46","v":0},{"$f":"O46","v":0},{"$f":"N46","v":0},{"$f":"P46","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":0},null,{"$f":"I46","v":0},{"$f":"K46","v":0},{"$f":"M46","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A48","v":0},{"$f":"C48","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H48","v":0},{"$f":"J48","v":0},{"$f":"L48","v":0},{"$f":"O48","v":0},{"$f":"N48","v":0},{"$f":"P48","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":0},null,{"$f":"I48","v":0},{"$f":"K48","v":0},{"$f":"M48","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A50","v":0},{"$f":"C50","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H50","v":0},{"$f":"J50","v":0},{"$f":"L50","v":0},{"$f":"O50","v":0},{"$f":"N50","v":0},{"$f":"P50","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A52","v":0},{"$f":"C52","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H52","v":0},{"$f":"J52","v":0},{"$f":"L52","v":0},{"$f":"O52","v":0},{"$f":"N52","v":0},{"$f":"P52","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
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["†_Cu-multi_element,1Used value from LSV, rather than text value","Core/shell"]
["†_Cu-multi_element,2Indeed 2 °C, not a typo","Overlayer"]
[null,"Mixed-phase/Janus"]
[null,"Alloyed/Doped"]
[null,"Tandem catalyst"]
[null,"Single atom",null,null,"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},null,"(CEM)",null,"(- flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,null,null,"CO2"]
[null,"A-supports-B",null,null,"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,{"$f":"\"- flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(AEM)",null,"(- flow, + stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,null,null,"CO"]
[null,"Atomically mixed/Crystalline",null,null,"Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"- stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},null,"(BPM [for])",null,"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, - stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",null,"CEM","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)",{"$nulls":5},"VAgAgCl"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)",null,null,null,{"$f":"\"+ flow\"&CHAR(10)&\"+ stirring\"","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},null,"(BPM [rev])",null,"(+ flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)",{"$nulls":12},"(- flow, + stirring)","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",null,"AEM","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)",{"$nulls":5},"VSHE"]
[{"$nulls":8},"(n/a)",null,"(DIAPH)",null,null,"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, - stirring)","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",null,"BPM (f)","Catalyst on top of membrane (CCM)",{"$nulls":5},"VCELL"]
[{"$nulls":10},"(n/a)",null,null,"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)",{"$nulls":12},"(+ flow, + stirring)",null,null,"BPM (r)","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)"]
[{"$nulls":11},"If only a single electrolyte is stated, it is assumed that both anolyte and catholyte are the same where applicable",{"$nulls":17},"DIAPH"]
["Electromaterial description","Catalyst categories","Majority elements","Polymeric / (in-) organic additives","Electrode \"type\"","Catalyst shorthand (cathode)","Reactant + supply mode (cathode)","Catholyte","Catholyte agitation","Membrane","Membrane type","Anolyte","Anolyte agitation","Reactant + supply mode (anode)","Catalyst shorthand (anode)","Temperature","Pressure","Reactant","E","j","FE C2H4 (max)","Reference",{"$nulls":7},"ABSENT"]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":23},"Electromaterial","Majority","Polymeric /","Cell configuration",{"$nulls":6},"T (°C)","P (atm)","Reactant","E @","j @ ","Max","Ref."]
[{"$nulls":23},"description","elements","organic components",{"$nulls":10},"maxC2H4","maxC2H4","FEC2H4 (%)"]
["Tensile strained Cu overlayer (32 nm)  on NiTi sheet","Overlayer","Cu, Ti, Ni","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Strained/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh",25,"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",20,"M. Du, X. Zhao, G. Zhu, H.-Y. Hsu, F. Liu, Elastic strain controlling the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on Cu overlayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 4933-4944 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A18","v":"Tensile strained Cu overlayer (32 nm)  on NiTi sheet"},{"$f":"C18","v":"Cu, Ti, Ni"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Strained/Cu",{"$f":"H18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"J18","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L18","v":"0.1 M KHCO3 (pH 6.8)"},{"$f":"O18","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N18","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P18","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-11\nmA/cm2",20,"M. Du, X. Zhao, G. Zhu, H.-Y. Hsu, F. Liu, Elastic strain controlling the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on Cu overlayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, 4933-4944 (2021)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G18","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K18","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M18","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu8Zn6Mn alloy (89.3:1.53:3.92 at. %) NPs, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Mn, Zn","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mn/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","X37-50 Grade T","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.4 V\nvs. RHE","-758\nmA/cm2",58,"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004.",null,{"$f":"A20","v":"Cu8Zn6Mn alloy (89.3:1.53:3.92 at. %) NPs, on GDL"},{"$f":"C20","v":"Cu, Mn, Zn"},{"$f":"D20","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E20","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F20","v":"Mn/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J20","v":"X37-50 Grade T"},{"$f":"L20","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O20","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P20","v":25},{"$f":"Q20","v":1},{"$f":"R20","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S20","v":"-1.4 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T20","v":"-758\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U20","v":58},{"$f":"V20","v":"Y. Chen et al., Tailoring the *CO and *H Coverage for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 or C2H4. Small n/a, 2308004."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K20","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M20","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N20","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["CNP and graphite layers on top of CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, A-supports-B, Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Zn, Al, O, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","FAA-3-PK-130","(AEM)","2.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","SS mesh","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-400\nmA/cm2",36,"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A22","v":"CNP and graphite layers on top of CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4 catalyst prepared via co-precipitation and calcination (800 °C) midlayer , on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C22","v":"Cu, Zn, Al, O, C"},{"$f":"D22","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E22","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F22","v":"CuZnO/CuZnAl2O4"},{"$f":"H22","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J22","v":"FAA-3-PK-130"},{"$f":"L22","v":"2.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O22","v":"SS mesh"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P22","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q22","v":"?"},{"$f":"R22","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S22","v":"-1.1 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T22","v":"-400\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U22","v":36},{"$f":"V22","v":"Z.-Y. Zhang et al., Cu-Zn-based alloy/oxide interfaces for enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Journal of Energy Chemistry 83, 90-97 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G22","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K22","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M22","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N22","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs (0.5 mg/cm2) mixed with Zn NSs (0.01 mg/cm2) and PTFE, on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, B, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Zn_NS/B/Cu_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","FAB-PK-75","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-200\nmA/cm2",40,"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A24","v":"B-doped Cu (1.4 at. % B; NaBH4 as reductant and Boron source) NPs (0.5 mg/cm2) mixed with Zn NSs (0.01 mg/cm2) and PTFE, on GDL"},{"$f":"C24","v":"Cu, B, Zn"},{"$f":"D24","v":"-"},{"$f":"E24","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F24","v":"Zn_NS/B/Cu_NPs"},{"$f":"H24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J24","v":"FAB-PK-75"},{"$f":"L24","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O24","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P24","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q24","v":"?"},{"$f":"R24","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S24","v":"-0.5 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T24","v":"-200\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U24","v":40},{"$f":"V24","v":"Y. Song et al., B-Cu-Zn Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products at High Current Densities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 9135-9141 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G24","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K24","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M24","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N24","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on carbon cloth","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",71,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A26","v":"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on carbon cloth"},{"$f":"C26","v":"Cu, Ir, Zr"},{"$f":"D26","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E26","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F26","v":"Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs"},{"$f":"H26","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"J26","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L26","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"O26","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P26","v":25},{"$f":"Q26","v":1},{"$f":"R26","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S26","v":"-1.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T26","v":"-28\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U26","v":71},{"$f":"V26","v":"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G26","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K26","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M26","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N26","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL","Single atom, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Ir, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 212","(CEM)","1.0 M phosphate buffer saline","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-80†_Cu-multi_element,1\nmA/cm2",67,"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024).",null,{"$f":"A28","v":"Single atom Cu sites enclosed in an Ir-containing Zr-based MOF framework with rod-like morphology, on GDL"},{"$f":"C28","v":"Cu, Ir, Zr"},{"$f":"D28","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E28","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F28","v":"Ir/Zr/Cu_MOF/NRs"},{"$f":"H28","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"J28","v":"Nafion 212"},{"$f":"L28","v":"1.0 M phosphate buffer saline"},{"$f":"O28","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P28","v":25},{"$f":"Q28","v":1},{"$f":"R28","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S28","v":"-1.0 V\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T28","v":"-80†_Cu-multi_element,1\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U28","v":67},{"$f":"V28","v":"Q. Mo et al., Engineering Dual Sites into the Confined Nanospace of the Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework for Tandem Transformation of CO2 to Ethylene. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,  (2024)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G28","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K28","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M28","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N28","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Commercial CuOx NPs (5.8 mg/cm2!) supported on scaffold of exfoliated Mg/Al LDH, on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Mg, Al, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/CuOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","SELEMION AMV","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO","-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-1773\nmA/cm2",46,"S. Kwon, J. Zhang, R. Ganganahalli, S. Verma, B. S. Yeo, Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House-of-Cards Scaffolds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202217252 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A30","v":"Commercial CuOx NPs (5.8 mg/cm2!) supported on scaffold of exfoliated Mg/Al LDH, on GDL"},{"$f":"C30","v":"Cu, Mg, Al, O"},{"$f":"D30","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E30","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F30","v":"Mg,Al-LDH/CuOx"},{"$f":"H30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J30","v":"SELEMION AMV"},{"$f":"L30","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O30","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P30","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q30","v":"?"},{"$f":"R30","v":"CO"},{"$f":"S30","v":"-0.7 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T30","v":"-1773\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U30","v":46},{"$f":"V30","v":"S. Kwon, J. Zhang, R. Ganganahalli, S. Verma, B. S. Yeo, Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House-of-Cards Scaffolds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62, e202217252 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G30","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K30","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M30","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N30","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["La0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, La, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-120\nmA/cm2",20,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",null,{"$f":"A32","v":"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)"},{"$f":"C32","v":"Cu, La, Sr"},{"$f":"D32","v":"?"},{"$f":"E32","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F32","v":"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3"},{"$f":"H32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J32","v":"Nafion 417"},{"$f":"L32","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O32","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P32","v":"2†_Cu-multi_element,2"},{"$f":"Q32","v":"?"},{"$f":"R32","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S32","v":"?"},{"$f":"T32","v":"-120\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U32","v":20},{"$f":"V32","v":"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G32","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I32","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K32","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M32","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N32","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Gd0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Gd, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","2†_Cu-multi_element,2","?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",20,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",null,{"$f":"A34","v":"Gd0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)"},{"$f":"C34","v":"Cu, Gd, Sr"},{"$f":"D34","v":"?"},{"$f":"E34","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F34","v":"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3"},{"$f":"H34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J34","v":"Nafion 417"},{"$f":"L34","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O34","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P34","v":"2†_Cu-multi_element,2"},{"$f":"Q34","v":"?"},{"$f":"R34","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S34","v":"?"},{"$f":"T34","v":"-240\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U34","v":20},{"$f":"V34","v":"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G34","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I34","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K34","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M34","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N34","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Pr0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)","Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Pr, Sr","?","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","La0.9Sr0.1CuO3","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 417","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt",25,"?","CO2","?","-240\nmA/cm2",17,"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262.",null,{"$f":"A36","v":"Pr0.9Sr0.1CuO3 particles, on GDE (little information provided)"},{"$f":"C36","v":"Cu, Pr, Sr"},{"$f":"D36","v":"?"},{"$f":"E36","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F36","v":"La0.9Sr0.1CuO3"},{"$f":"H36","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J36","v":"Nafion 417"},{"$f":"L36","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O36","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P36","v":25},{"$f":"Q36","v":"?"},{"$f":"R36","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S36","v":"?"},{"$f":"T36","v":"-240\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U36","v":17},{"$f":"V36","v":"A. F. Sammells, R. L. Cook, in Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, B. P. Sullivan, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 217-262."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G36","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I36","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K36","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M36","v":"+ flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N36","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Cs1 (mol ratio: 10:0.16:0.14) prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-37  mA/cm2",57,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A38","v":"Trimetallic Cu10La1Cs1 (mol ratio: 10:0.16:0.14) prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C38","v":"Cu, La, Cs"},{"$f":"D38","v":"-"},{"$f":"E38","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F38","v":"Cu10La1Cs1"},{"$f":"H38","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J38","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L38","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O38","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P38","v":25},{"$f":"Q38","v":"?"},{"$f":"R38","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S38","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T38","v":"-37  mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U38","v":57},{"$f":"V38","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G38","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K38","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M38","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N38","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-30 mA/cm2",43,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A40","v":"Trimetallic Cu10La1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C40","v":"Cu, La, Zn"},{"$f":"D40","v":"-"},{"$f":"E40","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F40","v":"Cu10La1Zn1"},{"$f":"H40","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J40","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L40","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O40","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P40","v":25},{"$f":"Q40","v":"?"},{"$f":"R40","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S40","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T40","v":"-30 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U40","v":43},{"$f":"V40","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G40","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K40","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M40","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N40","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Cs1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Cs","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Cs1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-33 mA/cm2",48,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A42","v":"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Cs1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C42","v":"Cu, Zn, Cs"},{"$f":"D42","v":"-"},{"$f":"E42","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F42","v":"Cu10Zn1Cs1"},{"$f":"H42","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J42","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L42","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O42","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P42","v":25},{"$f":"Q42","v":"?"},{"$f":"R42","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S42","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T42","v":"-33 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U42","v":48},{"$f":"V42","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G42","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K42","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M42","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N42","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10La1Ag1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, La, Ag","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10La1Ag1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",28,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A44","v":"Trimetallic Cu10La1Ag1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C44","v":"Cu, La, Ag"},{"$f":"D44","v":"-"},{"$f":"E44","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F44","v":"Cu10La1Ag1"},{"$f":"H44","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J44","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L44","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O44","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P44","v":25},{"$f":"Q44","v":"?"},{"$f":"R44","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S44","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T44","v":"-18 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U44","v":28},{"$f":"V44","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G44","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K44","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M44","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N44","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Zn, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Zn1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",38,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A46","v":"Trimetallic Cu10Zn1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C46","v":"Cu, Zn, Co"},{"$f":"D46","v":"-"},{"$f":"E46","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F46","v":"Cu10Zn1Co1"},{"$f":"H46","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J46","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L46","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O46","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P46","v":25},{"$f":"Q46","v":"?"},{"$f":"R46","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S46","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T46","v":"-26 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U46","v":38},{"$f":"V46","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G46","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K46","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M46","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N46","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Co","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Co1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-18 mA/cm2",22,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A48","v":"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Co1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C48","v":"Cu, Ag, Co"},{"$f":"D48","v":"-"},{"$f":"E48","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F48","v":"Cu10Ag1Co1"},{"$f":"H48","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J48","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L48","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O48","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P48","v":25},{"$f":"Q48","v":"?"},{"$f":"R48","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S48","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T48","v":"-18 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U48","v":22},{"$f":"V48","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G48","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K48","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M48","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N48","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Zn","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Zn1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",31,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A50","v":"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Zn1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C50","v":"Cu, Ag, Zn"},{"$f":"D50","v":"-"},{"$f":"E50","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F50","v":"Cu10Ag1Zn1"},{"$f":"H50","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J50","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L50","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O50","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P50","v":25},{"$f":"Q50","v":"?"},{"$f":"R50","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S50","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T50","v":"-26 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U50","v":31},{"$f":"V50","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G50","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K50","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M50","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N50","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Au1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ag, Au","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu10Ag1Au1","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt gauze",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-26 mA/cm2",27,"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A52","v":"Trimetallic Cu10Ag1Au1 prepared via co-electroplating, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C52","v":"Cu, Ag, Au"},{"$f":"D52","v":"-"},{"$f":"E52","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F52","v":"Cu10Ag1Au1"},{"$f":"H52","v":"0.1 M KCl"},{"$f":"J52","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L52","v":"0.1 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O52","v":"Pt gauze"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P52","v":25},{"$f":"Q52","v":"?"},{"$f":"R52","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S52","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T52","v":"-26 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U52","v":27},{"$f":"V52","v":"S. Jia et al., Preparation of trimetallic electrocatalysts by one-step co-electrodeposition and efficient CO2 reduction to ethylene. Chemical Science 13, 7509-7515 (2022)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G52","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K52","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M52","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N52","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Sn (Cu/Sn wt of ca. 40), with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Sn, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuSn","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-19\nmA/cm2",33,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A54","v":"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Sn (Cu/Sn wt of ca. 40), with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C54","v":"Cu, Sn, Zn, C"},{"$f":"D54","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E54","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F54","v":"Zn-doped/CuSn"},{"$f":"H54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J54","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L54","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O54","v":"?"},{"$f":"N54","v":"?"},{"$f":"P54","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q54","v":"?"},{"$f":"R54","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S54","v":"-1.3 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T54","v":"-19\nmA/cm2"},{"$f":"U54","v":33},{"$f":"V54","v":"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G54","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I54","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K54","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M54","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N54","v":"?"}]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Pb, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Pb, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuPb","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",45,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A56","v":"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Pb, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C56","v":"Cu, Pb, Zn, C"},{"$f":"D56","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E56","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F56","v":"Zn-doped/CuPb"},{"$f":"H56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J56","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L56","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O56","v":"?"},{"$f":"N56","v":"?"},{"$f":"P56","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q56","v":"?"},{"$f":"R56","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S56","v":"-1.2 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T56","v":"?"},{"$f":"U56","v":45},{"$f":"V56","v":"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G56","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I56","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K56","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M56","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N56","v":"?"}]
["Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Ag, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Alloyed/Doped, atomically mixed/crystalline","Cu, Ag, Zn, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Zn-doped/CuAg","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n+ stirring","?","?","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",33,"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A58","v":"Simultaneous galvanic displacement of Zn substrate with Cu and Ag, with traces of Zn present after reaction (0.6-1.1 %), mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C58","v":"Cu, Ag, Zn, C"},{"$f":"D58","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E58","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F58","v":"Zn-doped/CuAg"},{"$f":"H58","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J58","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L58","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O58","v":"?"},{"$f":"N58","v":"?"},{"$f":"P58","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q58","v":"?"},{"$f":"R58","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S58","v":"-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE"},{"$f":"T58","v":"?"},{"$f":"U58","v":33},{"$f":"V58","v":"M. Li et al., Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol. Advanced Science 10, 2204579 (2023)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G58","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I58","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"K58","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M58","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N58","v":"?"}]
["High entrypy AuAgPtPdCu NPs (16 +- 10 nm)  with single atom Cu sites, on glassy carbon","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","HEA/Cu-SAC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","?","?","0.5 M K2SO4","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-0.3 V vs. RHE","-14 mA/cm2",30,"S. Nellaiappan et al., High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization. ACS Catal 10, 3658-3663 (2020).",null,{"$f":"A60","v":"High entrypy AuAgPtPdCu NPs (16 +- 10 nm)  with single atom Cu sites, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C60","v":"Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu"},{"$f":"D60","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E60","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F60","v":"HEA/Cu-SAC"},{"$f":"H60","v":"0.5 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"J60","v":"?"},{"$f":"L60","v":"0.5 M K2SO4"},{"$f":"O60","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P60","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q60","v":"?"},{"$f":"R60","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S60","v":"-0.3 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T60","v":"-14 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U60","v":30},{"$f":"V60","v":"S. Nellaiappan et al., High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO2 and CO Reduction Reactions: Experimental Realization. ACS Catal 10, 3658-3663 (2020)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G60","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K60","v":"?"},{"$f":"M60","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N60","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on glassy carbon","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\"","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V vs. RHE","-13 mA/cm2",69,"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A62","v":"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C62","v":"Ag, Au, Cu"},{"$f":"D62","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"E62","v":"Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)"},{"$f":"F62","v":"Ag3Au-NF/Cu"},{"$f":"H62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J62","v":"\"Nafion\""},{"$f":"L62","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O62","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P62","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q62","v":"?"},{"$f":"R62","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S62","v":"-1.2 V vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T62","v":"-13 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U62","v":69},{"$f":"V62","v":"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G62","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K62","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M62","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"N62","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"}]
["Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on GDL","A-supports-B, alloyed/doped","Ag, Au, Cu","-","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag3Au-NF/Cu","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAB-PK-130","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","- flow\n+ stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.65 V - iR vs. RHE","- 305 mA/cm2","77","L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021).",null,{"$f":"A64","v":"Ag/Au (3:1 ratio) alloy, highly defective, cubic wireframe NPs (59 nm) post-modified with epitaxially deposited Cu ‘overlayer’, on GDL"},{"$f":"C64","v":"Ag, Au, Cu"},{"$f":"D64","v":"-"},{"$f":"E64","v":"Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)"},{"$f":"F64","v":"Ag3Au-NF/Cu"},{"$f":"H64","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J64","v":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130"},{"$f":"L64","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O64","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P64","v":"?"},{"$f":"Q64","v":"?"},{"$f":"R64","v":"CO2"},{"$f":"S64","v":"-0.65 V - iR vs. RHE"},{"$f":"T64","v":"- 305 mA/cm2"},{"$f":"U64","v":"77"},{"$f":"V64","v":"L. Xiong et al., Breaking the Linear Scaling Relationship by Compositional and Structural Crafting of Ternary Cu–Au/Ag Nanoframes for Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, 2508-2518 (2021)."}]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G64","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I64","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K64","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M64","v":"- flow\n+ stirring"},{"$f":"N64","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"}]
["Chemically dealloyed (5 M NaOH, 50 °C) Al90Cu7.5Ce2.5 ribbons, with remaining traces of Al (2.2 at %), on GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Ce, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Al-doped/CuOx-CeOx","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Fumasep FAS-50","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam","?","?","CO2","-0.7 V - iR vs. RHE","- 98 mA/cm2",23,"T. Kou et al., Amorphous CeO2–Cu Heterostructure Enhances CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Alcohols. ACS Materials Letters 4, 1999-2008 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A68","v":"Au nanoneedle-impregnated inside of the channels of Zr-based MOF with Cu-TMC sites mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C68","v":"Cu, Zr, Au"},"-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-NN/Zr-Cu_MOF",{"$f":"H68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J68","v":"Nafion 115"},{"$f":"L68","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O68","v":"Pt"},{"$f":"N68","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P68","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xie et al., Au-activated N motifs in non-coherent cupric porphyrin metal organic frameworks for promoting and stabilizing ethylene production. Nature Communications 13, 63 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G68","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K68","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M68","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au nanoneedle-impregnated inside of the channels of Zr-based MOF with Cu-TMC sites mixed with CNPs, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, Atomically mixed/Crystalline","Cu, Zr, Au","-","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Au-NN/Zr-Cu_MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 115","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-12\nmA/cm2",53,"X. Xie et al., Au-activated N motifs in non-coherent cupric porphyrin metal organic frameworks for promoting and stabilizing ethylene production. Nature Communications 13, 63 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A70","v":"Exfoliated B/Cu-based MOF (“BIF-104(Cu)”) nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall AgOx NPs mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon "},{"$f":"C70","v":"Cu, B, Ag, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag_NP/B,Cu_NSs",{"$f":"H70","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"J70","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L70","v":"0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl"},{"$f":"O70","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N70","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P70","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",21,"P. Shao et al., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene via Copper−Silver Tandem Catalyst in Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2300088 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G70","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K70","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M70","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Exfoliated B/Cu-based MOF (“BIF-104(Cu)”) nanosheets decorated with ultrasmall AgOx NPs mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon ","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, B, Ag, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Ag_NP/B,Cu_NSs","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3 + 0.5 M KCl","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net",25,"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-4\nmA/cm2",21,"P. Shao et al., Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene via Copper−Silver Tandem Catalyst in Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet. Advanced Energy Materials 13, 2300088 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A72","v":"Exfoliated Mg/Al LDH nanosheets spraycoated onto a Cu-sputtered GDL"},{"$f":"C72","v":"Cu, Mg, Al"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/Cu-GDL",{"$f":"H72","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J72","v":"AMVN"},{"$f":"L72","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O72","v":"IrO2/Ti"},{"$f":"N72","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P72","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-2.8 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. N. Xu et al., Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2-to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202217296 (2023)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G72","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K72","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M72","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Exfoliated Mg/Al LDH nanosheets spraycoated onto a Cu-sputtered GDL","Overlayer","Cu, Mg, Al","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg,Al-LDH/Cu-GDL","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","AMVN","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrO2/Ti","?","?","CO2","-2.8 V\nvs. RHE","-300\nmA/cm2",55,"Y. N. Xu et al., Tuning the Microenvironment in Monolayer MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2-to-Ethylene Electrocatalysis in Neutral Media. Angewandte Chemie 135, e202217296 (2023).",null,{"$f":"A74","v":"Pd-doped, agglomerated defective Ag/CuOx nanosheets derived from CuOx NPs with Au seed (\"Pd0.7Cu40.0Ag59.3\"), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C74","v":"Cu, Pd, Ag, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Ag/CuOx_NSs",{"$f":"H74","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"J74","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L74","v":"1.0 M KOH (pH 14)"},{"$f":"O74","v":"Ni foam"},{"$f":"N74","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},{"$f":"P74","v":25},1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-502\nmA/cm2",35,"D. L. Haoyu Sun, Yuanyuan Min, Yingying Wang, Yanyun Ma, Yiqun Zheng, Hongwen Huang, Hierarchical Palladium-Copper-Silver Porous Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 40, 2307007- (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G74","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K74","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M74","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)"]
["Pd-doped, agglomerated defective Ag/CuOx nanosheets derived from CuOx NPs with Au seed (\"Pd0.7Cu40.0Ag59.3\"), on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Pd, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Pd/Ag/CuOx_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KOH (pH 14)","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, forced through surface)","Ni foam",25,1,"CO2","-1.0 V\nvs. RHE","-502\nmA/cm2",35,"D. L. Haoyu Sun, Yuanyuan Min, Yingying Wang, Yanyun Ma, Yiqun Zheng, Hongwen Huang, Hierarchical Palladium-Copper-Silver Porous Nanoflowers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 40, 2307007- (2024).",null,{"$f":"A76","v":"Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag/Pd alloy shell (Cu79Ag16Pd5), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C76","v":"Cu, Ag, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC",{"$f":"H76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J76","v":"\"Nafion\" "},{"$f":"L76","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O76","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N76","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P76","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G76","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K76","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M76","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu NCs with a non-equilibrium Cu/Ag/Pd alloy shell (Cu79Ag16Pd5), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, core/shell","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","AgCu-shell/Cu-core_NC","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","\"Nafion\" ","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V -iR\nvs. RHE","?",31,"C. D. Koolen et al., Low-temperature non-equilibrium synthesis of anisotropic multimetallic nanosurface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Nature Synthesis 3, 47-57 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A78","v":"Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd/Ag NPs (20-50 nm, 0.49 and 0.39 wt%, respectively), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon"},{"$f":"C78","v":"Cu, Ag, Pd, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd,Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes",{"$f":"H78","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J78","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L78","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O78","v":"Carbon rod"},{"$f":"N78","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P78","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G78","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K78","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M78","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu2O microcubes (1 µm) decorated with small Pd/Ag NPs (20-50 nm, 0.49 and 0.39 wt%, respectively), prepared via galvanic displacement, mixed with carbon black, on glassy carbon","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Ag, Pd, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of solid substrate (NPS)","Pd,Ag-NP/Cu2O_cubes","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Carbon rod","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-31\nmA/cm2",63,"X. Xu et al., Pd-Decorated Cu2O–Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 16243-16252 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A80","v":"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Ru-doped (4% and 1 %,  XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C80","v":"Cu, Ag, Ru"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Ru/Cu2O_commercial",{"$f":"H80","v":"-"},{"$f":"J80","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L80","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O80","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N80","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P80","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",38,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G80","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I80","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K80","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M80","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Ru-doped (4% and 1 %,  XPS) CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Ru","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Ru/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",38,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A82","v":"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Au-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C82","v":"Cu, Ag, Au"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Au/Cu2O_commercial",{"$f":"H82","v":"-"},{"$f":"J82","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L82","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O82","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N82","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P82","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","-400\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G82","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I82","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K82","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M82","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Au-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Au","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Au/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-400\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A84","v":"Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Pd-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL"},{"$f":"C84","v":"Cu, Ag, Pd"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Pd/Cu2O_commercial",{"$f":"H84","v":"-"},{"$f":"J84","v":"\"Sustainion\""},{"$f":"L84","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O84","v":"IrOx/Ti mesh"},{"$f":"N84","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P84","v":"?"},"?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G84","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I84","v":"(n/a)"},{"$f":"K84","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M84","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Consecutive galvanic replacement-prepared Ag/Pd-doped CuOx NPs, on Cu-sputtered PTFE GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Ag, Pd","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag,Pd/Cu2O_commercial","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","-","(n/a)","\"Sustainion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","IrOx/Ti mesh","?","?","CO","?","-600\nmA/cm2",34,"X. Wang et al., Efficient electrosynthesis of n-propanol from carbon monoxide using a Ag–Ru–Cu catalyst. Nature Energy 7, 170-176 (2022).",null,{"$f":"A86","v":"Cu and Bi co-impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C86","v":"Cu, Bi, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF",{"$f":"H86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J86","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L86","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O86","v":"Pt wire"},{"$f":"N86","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P86","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",47,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G86","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I86","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K86","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M86","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu and Bi co-impregnated into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on carbon paper","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt wire","?","?","CO2","-1.2 V\nvs. RHE","-51\nmA/cm2",47,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A88","v":"Cu and Bi co-impregnated (ca 1:1 atomic ratio) into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on GDL"},{"$f":"C88","v":"Cu, Bi, Zr"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF",{"$f":"H88","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J88","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L88","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O88","v":"Pt mesh"},{"$f":"N88","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P88","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",42,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G88","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K88","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M88","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu and Bi co-impregnated (ca 1:1 atomic ratio) into a Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), on GDL","Alloyed/Doped","Cu, Bi, Zr","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Cu, Bi/Zr-MOF","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt mesh","?","?","CO2","-0.9 V\nvs. RHE","-100\nmA/cm2",42,"Wu, M., Yang, Y., Zhao, J. & Liu, R. Spontaneous spatial-optimizing CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 over dynamically synergistic Cu-Bi pair. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 677, 452-461, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.077 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A90","v":"Cu/Pd mixed NPs supported on 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets, on copper foam"},{"$f":"C90","v":"Cu, Pd, Bi, S"},"Nafion","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Cu,Pd/Bi2S3_NSs",{"$f":"H90","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J90","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L90","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O90","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N90","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P90","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",57,"Pirzada, B. M., AlMarzooqi, F. & Qurashi, A. Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 112, 107189, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107189 (2025)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G90","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)"},null,{"$f":"I90","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K90","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M90","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Cu/Pd mixed NPs supported on 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets, on copper foam","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Pd, Bi, S","Nafion","Catalyst inside porous substrate (PTL)","Cu,Pd/Bi2S3_NSs","(Gas-phase reactant, forced through surface)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-2\nmA/cm2",57,"Pirzada, B. M., AlMarzooqi, F. & Qurashi, A. Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into C2 compounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 112, 107189, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107189 (2025).",null,{"$f":"A92","v":"Au NPs (\"small\") supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement mixed with Ni-SAC, on a GDL"},{"$f":"C92","v":"Cu, Au, Ni, C"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra/Ni-SAC",{"$f":"H92","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J92","v":"\"Selemion\""},{"$f":"L92","v":"1.0 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O92","v":"NiFeCuMo plate"},{"$f":"N92","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P92","v":"?"},"?","CO2"," -0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",25,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G92","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K92","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M92","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Au NPs (\"small\") supported on Cu2O octahedra (ca. 200 nm) through galvanic displacement mixed with Ni-SAC, on a GDL","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, Au, Ni, C","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Au/Cu2O_octahedra/Ni-SAC","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","\"Selemion\"","(AEM)","1.0 M KHCO3","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","NiFeCuMo plate","?","?","CO2"," -0.94 V -iR\nvs. RHE","-500\nmA/cm2",25,"Wang, S. et al. Delicate control of a gold-copper oxide tandem structure enables the efficient production of high-value chemicals by electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nano Energy 130, 110176, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110176 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A94","v":"Ag-doped La2-xAgxCuO4-δ NPs (x=0.2) with oxygen vacancies, on Toray carbon paper"},{"$f":"C94","v":"Cu, Ag, La"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/La2CuO4",{"$f":"H94","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J94","v":"Nafion"},{"$f":"L94","v":"0.5 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O94","v":"Pt net"},{"$f":"N94","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P94","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",72,"Dong, G. et al. Boosting the CO2 electroreduction performance of La2-xAgxCuO4-δ perovskites via A-site substitution mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 342, 123444, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123444 (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G94","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I94","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K94","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M94","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["Ag-doped La2-xAgxCuO4-δ NPs (x=0.2) with oxygen vacancies, on Toray carbon paper","Atomically mixed/Crystalline, alloyed/doped","Cu, Ag, La","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Ag/La2CuO4","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion","(CEM)","0.5 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt net","?","?","CO2","-1.1 V\nvs. RHE","-28\nmA/cm2",72,"Dong, G. et al. Boosting the CO2 electroreduction performance of La2-xAgxCuO4-δ perovskites via A-site substitution mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 342, 123444, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123444 (2024).",null,{"$f":"A96","v":"TiO2 NPs supported on V/Cu-based layered double hydroxide, on carbon paper"},{"$f":"C96","v":"Cu, V, Ti, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/V,Cu_LDH",{"$f":"H96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"J96","v":"Nafion 117"},{"$f":"L96","v":"0.1 M KHCO3"},{"$f":"O96","v":"Pt foil"},{"$f":"N96","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P96","v":"?"},"?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",84,"Lavate, S. S. & Srivastava, R. Boosting ethylene yield via a synergistic 2D/0D nanostructured VCu layered double hydroxide/TiO2 catalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Energy Advances, doi:10.1039/D4YA00417E (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G96","v":"(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},null,{"$f":"I96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K96","v":"(CEM)"},{"$f":"M96","v":"- flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["TiO2 NPs supported on V/Cu-based layered double hydroxide, on carbon paper","Mixed-phase/Janus, A-supports-B","Cu, V, Ti, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","TiO2/V,Cu_LDH","(Solution-phase reactant, supplied in front)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","Nafion 117","(CEM)","0.1 M KHCO3","- flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt foil","?","?","CO2","-0.4 V\nvs. RHE","-7\nmA/cm2",84,"Lavate, S. S. & Srivastava, R. Boosting ethylene yield via a synergistic 2D/0D nanostructured VCu layered double hydroxide/TiO2 catalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Energy Advances, doi:10.1039/D4YA00417E (2024).",null,{"$f":"A98","v":"B/Mg-doped CuOX NPs (\"Cu5(B0.02 M)Mg1\"), on a GDL"},{"$f":"C98","v":"Cu, Mg, B, O"},"Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg-B/CuOx_NPs",{"$f":"H98","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"J98","v":"?"},{"$f":"L98","v":"1.0 M KOH"},{"$f":"O98","v":"Pt sheet"},{"$f":"N98","v":"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"},{"$f":"P98","v":25},"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","-293\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024)."]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G98","v":"(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)"},null,{"$f":"I98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},{"$f":"K98","v":"(AEM)"},{"$f":"M98","v":"+ flow\n- stirring"},"(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)"]
["B/Mg-doped CuOX NPs (\"Cu5(B0.02 M)Mg1\"), on a GDL","Alloyed/Doped, Mixed-phase/Janus","Cu, Mg, B, O","Nafion","Catalyst on top of porous substrate (GDE)","Mg-B/CuOx_NPs","(Gas-phase reactant, supplied from behind)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","?","(AEM)","1.0 M KOH","+ flow\n- stirring","(Liquid-phase reactant, supplied in front)","Pt sheet",25,"?","CO2","-1.57 V\nvs. RHE","-293\nmA/cm2",50,"Yang, H. et al. Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 11, 4770-4779, doi:10.1039/D4QI00842A (2024).",null,{"$f":"A100","v":0},{"$f":"C100","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H100","v":0},{"$f":"J100","v":0},{"$f":"L100","v":0},{"$f":"O100","v":0},{"$f":"N100","v":0},{"$f":"P100","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G100","v":0},null,{"$f":"I100","v":0},{"$f":"K100","v":0},{"$f":"M100","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A102","v":0},{"$f":"C102","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H102","v":0},{"$f":"J102","v":0},{"$f":"L102","v":0},{"$f":"O102","v":0},{"$f":"N102","v":0},{"$f":"P102","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G102","v":0},null,{"$f":"I102","v":0},{"$f":"K102","v":0},{"$f":"M102","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A104","v":0},{"$f":"C104","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H104","v":0},{"$f":"J104","v":0},{"$f":"L104","v":0},{"$f":"O104","v":0},{"$f":"N104","v":0},{"$f":"P104","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G104","v":0},null,{"$f":"I104","v":0},{"$f":"K104","v":0},{"$f":"M104","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A106","v":0},{"$f":"C106","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H106","v":0},{"$f":"J106","v":0},{"$f":"L106","v":0},{"$f":"O106","v":0},{"$f":"N106","v":0},{"$f":"P106","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G106","v":0},null,{"$f":"I106","v":0},{"$f":"K106","v":0},{"$f":"M106","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A108","v":0},{"$f":"C108","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H108","v":0},{"$f":"J108","v":0},{"$f":"L108","v":0},{"$f":"O108","v":0},{"$f":"N108","v":0},{"$f":"P108","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G108","v":0},null,{"$f":"I108","v":0},{"$f":"K108","v":0},{"$f":"M108","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A110","v":0},{"$f":"C110","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H110","v":0},{"$f":"J110","v":0},{"$f":"L110","v":0},{"$f":"O110","v":0},{"$f":"N110","v":0},{"$f":"P110","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G110","v":0},null,{"$f":"I110","v":0},{"$f":"K110","v":0},{"$f":"M110","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A112","v":0},{"$f":"C112","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H112","v":0},{"$f":"J112","v":0},{"$f":"L112","v":0},{"$f":"O112","v":0},{"$f":"N112","v":0},{"$f":"P112","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G112","v":0},null,{"$f":"I112","v":0},{"$f":"K112","v":0},{"$f":"M112","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A114","v":0},{"$f":"C114","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H114","v":0},{"$f":"J114","v":0},{"$f":"L114","v":0},{"$f":"O114","v":0},{"$f":"N114","v":0},{"$f":"P114","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G114","v":0},null,{"$f":"I114","v":0},{"$f":"K114","v":0},{"$f":"M114","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A116","v":0},{"$f":"C116","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H116","v":0},{"$f":"J116","v":0},{"$f":"L116","v":0},{"$f":"O116","v":0},{"$f":"N116","v":0},{"$f":"P116","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G116","v":0},null,{"$f":"I116","v":0},{"$f":"K116","v":0},{"$f":"M116","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A118","v":0},{"$f":"C118","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H118","v":0},{"$f":"J118","v":0},{"$f":"L118","v":0},{"$f":"O118","v":0},{"$f":"N118","v":0},{"$f":"P118","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G118","v":0},null,{"$f":"I118","v":0},{"$f":"K118","v":0},{"$f":"M118","v":0},0]
[{"$nulls":23},{"$f":"A120","v":0},{"$f":"C120","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"H120","v":0},{"$f":"J120","v":0},{"$f":"L120","v":0},{"$f":"O120","v":0},{"$f":"N120","v":0},{"$f":"P120","v":0},0,0,0,0,0,0]
[{"$nulls":26},{"$f":"G120","v":0},null,{"$f":"I120","v":0},{"$f":"K120","v":0},{"$f":"M120","v":0},0]