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Caption : figure s 1. tauc plots of fabricated pristine vse<sub>2</sub> and nanohybrids of vse<sub>2</sub>-cose<sub>2</sub>

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Caption : figure s 2. ftir spectra of all nanohybrids of vse<sub>2</sub>-cose<sub>2</sub>

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Caption : figure s 3. experimental z-scan setup

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Caption : figure s 4. schematic diagram of 5-state electron transition theory