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Caption : fig. s1. uv inactivation device

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Caption : fig. s2. cultivation device for chironomid larvae

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Caption : fig. s3. effect of turbidity on the survival of chironomid larvae

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Caption : fig. s4. maximum inactivation rate constant (kmax) and synergistic factor (sk) of uv and different concentrations of clo2 alone or in combination for inactivating chironomid larvae

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Caption : fig. s5. the synergistic factor sk of uv irradiation duration on the inactivation of chironomid larvae in a combined system

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Caption : fig. s6. effect of ph on the inactivation of chironomid larvae by clo₂ alone (a) and the uv/clo₂ combined system (b)

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Caption : fig. s7. (a)effect of ha on the inactivation of chironomid larvae by clo₂ alone and (b) the uv/clo₂ combined system.

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Caption : fig. s8. (a) effect of different clo₂ pre-oxidation times on the inactivation efficiency of the combined system; (b) effect of different uv pre-irradiation times on the inactivation efficiency of the combined system.

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Caption : fig. s9. the degradation of (a) nb, and (b) ba at ph = 6.08.0, by clo2 oxidation alone, uv radiation, and the uvc + clo2 . (conditions: [clo2]0 = 5.0mg/l, [nb]0 = [ba]0 = 0.8 µm, i=0.0597 mw/cm² )

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Caption : fig. s10. ultrastructural observation of chironomid larval cuticle under different treatments:(a) control group sem image (×1.0k);(b) uv/clo₂-treated group sem image (×1.0k);(c) control group tem image (×2.0k);(d) uv/clo₂-treated group tem image (×2.0k).

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Caption : fig. s11. ultrastructural observation of chironomid larvae under different treatments:(a) control group myofibril tem image (×20.0k);(b) uv/clo2-treated group myofibril tem image (×20.0k);(c) control group mitochondria tem image (×20.0k);(d)uv/clo2-treated group mitochondria tem image (×20.0k);(e) control group autophagosome tem image (×5.0k);(f) uv/clo2-treated group 4h autophagosome tem image (×5.0k).

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Caption : fig. s12. ultrastructural observation of somatic cells in chironomid larvae underdifferent treatments:(a) control group nucleus tem image (×5.0k);(b)uv/clo2-treated group nucleus tem image (×5.0k);(c) control group endoplasmic reticulum tem image (×2.0k);(d) uv/clo2-treated groupendoplasmic reticulum tem image (×2.0k).