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Caption : euler diagram illustrating significant taxa–scfa correlations shared among the bd, fh, and fs diets. there were 11, 11, and 25 significant correlations identified in the bd, fh, and fs groups, respectively. one overlapping correlation was observed between bd and fh, where the order clostridiales was positively associated with propionic acid. between fh and fs, two shared correlations were found involving the species eubacterium coprostanoligenes with acetic acid and total scfa levels; the correlations were positive in fh but negative in fs. no correlations were shared across all three diets. bd = basal diet; fs = flaxseed; fh = flaxseed hull.

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Caption : euler diagram showing significant taxa–lignan correlations shared between the fh and fs diets. fh had 25 and fs had 10 significant correlations, with two taxa, streptococcus agalactiae and the family lachnospiraceae, shared between both diets. s. agalactiae showed a positive correlation with secoisolariciresinol in both diets, whereas lachnospiraceae showed a negative correlation in both. fs = flaxseed; fh = flaxseed hull.

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Caption : qpcr quantification of total bacteria (log10 copies/g) (n=14-16/group) and %bacteroides spp. (n=7-17/group) in cecum content (kruskal-wallis test followed by dunn’s post-hoc multiple comparisons test). a-bvalues with different letter within the same row are significantly different (p<0.05). data are means ± sem.

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Caption : heatmap representing significantly differentially represented microbial metabolic pathways in response to different dietary interventions (benjamini-hochberg adjusted q < 0.05). heatmap generated based on the relative abundance of the significant differentially represented pathways inferred by picrust2 analysis. dendrogram on top of the heatmap shows the unsupervised hierarchical clustering of these pathways. for each pathway, blue indicates higher relative abundance and yellow indicates lower relative abundance.