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Caption : figure s1. n2o-tpd profiles of cu/mox (m = cr, mo, w)

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Caption : figure s2. tga analysis of cu/mox (m = cr, mo, w) under an air atmosphere

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Caption : figure s3. partial density of states for d orbitals of cu in cu/mox (m=cr, mo, w)

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Caption : figure s4. the lifespan experiment of cu/wo3 (typical reaction conditions: 50 mg of catalyst, hmf concentration of 12.6 mg·ml-1, 1,4-dioxane:water = 4:1 as a mixed solvent, atmospheric pressure, reaction temperature: 300 ℃.)