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Detection for Security
08 May 2008
Read issue 5 of The Analyst which features a selection of articles on the theme of 'Detection for Security'
Low energy light source for on-chip construction
08 May 2008
For the first time, scientists have used ultra violet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) to make polymer columns in lab-on-a-chip devices.
Electrochemistry takes the heat
07 May 2008
UK electrochemists are offering a more accurate technique for measuring the strength of hot sauces using carbon nanotubes
Contents list for The Analyst, issue 5, 2008
Front cover
Analyst, 2008, 133, 545
DOI: 10.1039/b805755a
Contents and Chemical Technology
Analyst, 2008, 133, 547
DOI: 10.1039/b805756g
Editorial
Editorial – Detection for Security
Andy Bell and Pankaj Vadgama,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 557
DOI: 10.1039/b803686c
Andy Bell and Pankaj Vadgama highlight the need for a multiple set of perspectives on a measurement challenge set to increase this century – that of the detection of chemical, biological, radiological and explosive materials.
Forum
A step out of the lab and into the field: a giant leap from technology to capability
Dominic E. P. Turl and Dan R. W. Wood,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 558
DOI: 10.1039/b713786a
Adapting proven laboratory techniques to allow for field deployment poses some unique challenges. This article gives an overview of the key technical and operational factors which should be taken into account when attempting to exploit technology and develop an effective capability for search and detection applications.
Perspective
Bio-inspired approaches to sensing for defence and security applications
Peter D. E. Biggins, Anne Kusterbeck and John A. Hiltz,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 563
DOI: 10.1039/b717935a
A distributed or intelligent autonomous sensing (DIAS) system capability that exploits examples from nature is realizable for the development of small sub-system components up to networked autonomous area systems for defence and security applications.
Critical Review
A review of biosensors and biologically-inspired systems for explosives detection
Richard G. Smith, Natasha D'Souza and Stephen Nicklin,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 571
DOI: 10.1039/b717933m
Enhanced HTML article available
This review focusses on the use of antibodies, enzymes, biologically-inspired synthetic ligands and whole-cell biosensors giving a flavour of explosives detection using biological systems.
Communication
Reliable, rapid and simple voltammetric detection of urea nitrate explosive
Avi Cagan, Donglai Lu, Karel Cizek, Jeff La Belle and Joseph Wang,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 585
DOI: 10.1039/b800858b
A selective and rapid electrochemical assay of the improvised explosive urea nitrate—based on its short reaction with nitrotoluene followed by a rapid square-wave voltammetric detection of the dinitrotoluene product—is described.
Papers
Detection of degradation products of chemical warfare agents by highly porous molecularly imprinted microspheres
Lucie Malosse, Pierrick Buvat, Dominique Adès and Alain Siove,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 588
DOI: 10.1039/b713713c
The development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensing materials for the detection of organophosphorus nerve agents is presented. The imprinting effect is demonstrated using batch rebinding tests associated with an original fluorescence indirect assay of pinacolyl methylphosphonate.
Enhanced bioaffinity sensing using surface plasmons, surface enzyme reactions, nanoparticles and diffraction gratings
Hye Jin Lee, Alastair W. Wark and Robert M. Corn,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 596
DOI: 10.1039/b718713k
For the first time the coupling of a nanoparticle-enhanced diffraction grating (NEDG) with surface enzymatic amplification leads to a promising new class of ultrasensitive bioaffinity sensors.
The use of dopants in high field asymmetric waveform spectrometry
Stuart K. Ross, Gwenda McDonald and Sarah Marchant,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 602
DOI: 10.1039/b801457b
Owing to water clustering/declustering considerations on the field dependency of ions, it has been demonstrated that the traditional dopants currently employed in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) may not be suitable for use in high field asymmetric waveform spectrometry (HiFAWS).
Chemical vapor discrimination using a compact and low-power array of piezoresistive microcantilevers
Albert Loui, Timothy V. Ratto, Thomas S. Wilson, Scott K. McCall, Erik V. Mukerjee, Adam H. Love and Bradley R. Hart,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 608
DOI: 10.1039/b713758c
A compact and low-power microcantilever-based sensor array has been developed and used to detect various chemical vapor analytes, and represents the first published report of chemical warfare agent vapor detection by a sensor of this type.
Uranyl-specific binding at a functionalised interface: a chemophotonic fibre optic sensor platform
Neil W. Hayes, Clare J. Tremlett, Patricia J. Melfi, Jonathon D. Sessler and Andrew M. Shaw,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 616
DOI: 10.1039/b714625f
Solution-phase detection of radiological materials is restricted by conventional radiation-counting techniques, but chemical sensing of the resultant radiological species such as uranyl UO22+ is possible at 50–100 ppb levels on the surface of a newly developed plastic fibre optic.
An in situ amperometric biosensor for the detection of vapours from explosive compounds
Christopher David Gwenin, Maher Kalaji, Catharine Melanie Kay, Peter Anthony Williams and Duarte Novaes Tito,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 621
DOI: 10.1039/b713269g
Detection of vapours from explosive compounds was achieved at detection limits down to 6 ppt. The sensing was achieved using an amperometric sensor based on immobilised genetically-engineered enzymes.
Colorimetric detection of Ricinus communis Agglutinin 120 using optimally presented carbohydrate-stabilised gold nanoparticles
Claire L. Schofield, Balaram Mukhopadhyay, Sinéad M. Hardy, Martin B. McDonnell, Robert A. Field and David A. Russell,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 626
DOI: 10.1039/b715250g
Diluting the concentration of galactose on the surface of gold nanoparticles to a coverage of 70% provides an optimised colorimetric aggregation bioassay for the detection of the ricin surrogate RCA120.
Electrochemical methods for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of ionophores and ionophore–ion complexes in plasticized PVC membranes
Sándor Bodor, Justin M. Zook, Ern
Lindner, Klára Tóth and Róbert E. Gyurcsányi,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 635
DOI: 10.1039/b718110h
Electrochemical methods for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of ionophores and ionophore–ion complexes in solvent polymeric membranes were introduced and validated.
Cell-electronic sensing of particle-induced cellular responses
Li Huang, Li Xie, Jessica M. Boyd and Xing-Fang Li,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 643
DOI: 10.1039/b714384b Enhanced HTML article available
A cell-electronic sensing technique is developed for real-time measurement of dose-dependent particle-induced cellular responses and its application in the biomonitoring of air quality.
Label-free flow-enhanced specific detection of Bacillus anthracis using a piezoelectric microcantilever sensor
John-Paul McGovern, Wan Y. Shih, Richard Rest, Mitali Purohit, Yognandan Pandya and Wei-Heng Shih,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 649
DOI: 10.1039/b715948j
Controlled fluid flow has been used to specifically discriminate Bacillus thuringiensis, cereus and subtilis from Bacillus anthracis for continuous, real-time, in situ detection by a piezoelectric microcantilever sensor.
A hydrodynamic approach to the measurement of the permeability of small molecules across artificial membranes
Billy-Joe Molloy, Kin Y. Tam, J. Matthew Wood and Robert A. W. Dryfe,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 655
DOI: 10.1039/b719634b
An in situ analytical approach to the measurement of supported liquid membrane permeability is reported. This method permits accurate calculation of the aqueous phase boundary layer thickness.
In situ monitoring of the seed stage of a fermentation process using non-invasive NIR spectrometry
Alison Nordon, David Littlejohn, Alison S. Dann, Paul A. Jeffkins, Mark D. Richardson and Sarah L. Stimpson,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 660
DOI: 10.1039/b719318a
Non-invasive NIR spectrometry can be used to indicate when a seed is in the appropriate physiological state for transfer to the final stage of a fermentation process.
Antibody–gold quantum dot–PAMAM dendrimer complex as an immunoglobulin immunoassay
Robert C. Triulzi, Miodrag Micic, Jhony Orbulescu, Silvia Giordani, Bill Mueller and Roger M. Leblanc,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 667
DOI: 10.1039/b718730k
The mechanism of action of an immunoglobulin immunoassay based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-encapsulated gold quantum dots is discussed.
Thin chitosan films as a platform for SPR sensing of ferric ions
Holly A. McIlwee, Caroline L. Schauer, Vera G. Praig, Rabah Boukherroub and Sabine Szunerits,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 673
DOI: 10.1039/b717736d
Chitosan films of various thicknesses were deposited on thin gold films through spin coating. The formation of the Fe3+-chitosan complex was followed using surface plasmon resonance.
Measuring the simultaneous effects of hypoxia and deformation on ATP release from erythrocytes
Andrea Faris and Dana M. Spence,
Analyst, 2008, 133, 678
DOI: 10.1039/b719990b
A quantitative determination of red cell-derived ATP due to hypoxia and deformation suggest that the two stimuli are not additive and may release ATP through the same mechanism.
Back cover
Analyst, 2008, 133, 683
DOI: 10.1039/b805757p
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