* Corresponding authors

^a Materials Science Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
E-mail: wuyiquan@me.rochester.edu

^b Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA

^c Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, USA

^d Center for Biologically Inspired Materials & Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, USA

^e Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA

^f Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China