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Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9, 2779 - 2781, DOI: 10.1039/b705385a
Dumbbells and onions in ternary nucleation
Ricky B. Nellas, Bin Chen and J. Ilja Siepmann
Molecular simulations for a ternary nucleation system (water/n-nonane/1-butanol) demonstrate a more complex nucleation mechanism than previously thought, where critical nuclei with different compositions are present even for a given vapour-phase composition; the spatial distribution in these critical nuclei is heterogeneous and dumbbell and onion motifs are found; in the former, water and nonane nano-droplets are connected through a butanol handle, while in the latter a water core is surrounded by a nonane corona with an interfacial butanol shell.
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