Empedoclean Theory
The Greek philosopher Empedocles of Acragas asserts that matter consists of four elements - earth, air, fire & water - a theory that is later supported and embellished upon by Aristotle. This concept influenced the philosophical basis for the next advance in the science of matter - alchemy.

The image above is based upon symbols and diagrams from various periods in history featuring the four elements.


Further info :

Empedocles of Acragas
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Jesse/Jesse.html


Aristotle
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html


Alchemical Symbols
Visual Elements


The Alchemy Web Site
http://www.levity.com/alchemy