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Energy & Environmental Science

A new journal linking all aspects of the chemical sciences relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science.



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Energy Environ. Sci., 2009, 2, 729 - 744, DOI: 10.1039/b902222h


Fuel cells for micro-combined heat and power generation

Adam Hawkes, Iain Staffell, Dan Brett and Nigel Brandon


Micro-combined heat and power (CHP) holds great potential for lowering energy cost and CO2 emissions in the residential housing sector. Of the various micro-CHP technologies, fuel cells, and in particular solid oxide fuel cells, show great promise due to their high electrical efficiency and resulting low heat-to-power ratio that is better suited to residential applications. However, fuel cells are still under development and the capital cost of units available today remains high. This paper looks at the technological aspects and operating modes of fuel cells relevant to micro-CHP as well as examining the state of commercial development, life cycle issues and the techno-economics of fuel cells for micro-CHP at the residential scale.

Graphical abstract image for this article  (ID: b902222h)