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Paper
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 1019 - 1026, DOI: 10.1039/b705101h
Two-photon absorption cross-sections and time-resolved fluorescence imaging using porphyrin photosensitisers
Sean Mathai, Damian K. Bird, Stan S. Stylli, Trevor A. Smith and Kenneth P. Ghiggino
Three porphyrin systems have been characterised for use in two-photon fluorescence imaging of biological samples. We have determined the two-photon absorption cross sections (
2) of the di-cation, free-base and metallated forms of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), hematoporphyrin IX (Hp9) and a boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP) using the open-aperture Z-scan and the two-photon induced fluorescence (TPIF) techniques at an excitation wavelength of 800 nm. The insertion of either protons or a metal ion into the macrocycle is shown not to significantly influence the 2 of the porphyrins. Two-photon time-resolved fluorescence images of C6 glioma cells transfected with a free-base form of the BOPP have been obtained as a function of the porphyrin concentration. These studies reveal a maximum useful porphyrin concentration for fluorescence imaging purposes of approximately 30 µg mL–1.
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