Endosomal release and intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs using pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogels

Motoi Oishi; Hisato Hayashi; Michihiro Iijima; Yukio Nagasaki

doi:10.1039/B706973A

Endosomal release and intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs using pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogels†

Motoi Oishi,^abc Hisato Hayashi,^a Michihiro Iijima^d and Yukio Nagasaki*^abce

* Corresponding authors

^a Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
E-mail: nagasaki@nagalabo.jp

^b Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan

^c Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan

^d Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, Oyama National College of Technology, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan

^e Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan

Abstract

A pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel was prepared by emulsion copolymerization of 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (EAMA) with heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) bearing a 4-vinylbenzyl group at the α-end and a carboxylic acid group at the ω-end (CH₂ [double bond, length as m-dash] CH–Ph–PEG–COOH; M_n = 8000) in the presence of potassium persulfate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (1.0 mol%) as cross-linker. The loading of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) into the pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel was carried out by means of a solvent evaporation method, and the amount of DOX loaded into the PEAMA core was found to be 26 wt%. Furthermore, the DOX-loaded, pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel showed almost no initial burst release of the DOX under physiological pH, whereas significant release of DOX from the pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel was observed at the endosomal pH. The antitumor activity of the DOX-loaded, pH-sensitive, PEGylated nanogel against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was lower than that of free DOX. On the other hand, the antitumor activity of the DOX-loaded, pH-sensitive, PEGylated nanogel against the human hepatoma cell line HuH-7, which is a natural drug-resistant tumor line, was superior to that of both free DOX and the DOX-loaded, pH-insensitive, PEGylated nanogel. Using fluorescence microscopy, pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel in HuH-7 cells was found to be initially localized within the endosome and/or lysosome, with subsequent release of DOX from the nanogel in response to the endosomal pH, and ultimately, diffusion via the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus. These findings suggest that the pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogel represents a promising nano-sized carrier for anticancer drug delivery systems in vivo.

Journal of Materials Chemistry

Endosomal release and intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs using pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogels†

Abstract

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Endosomal release and intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs using pH-sensitive PEGylated nanogels

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