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Hassium - Hs General Information Discovery Hassium was first made in 1984 by Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenberg and co-workers at the GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. Appearance Unknown, but probably metallic grey in appearance. Source A transuranium element, only a few atoms of hassium have ever been made, and it will probably never be isolated in observable quantities. It is created by a so-called "soft fusion" method, in which a target of lead is bombarded with atoms of iron. Uses Unknown Biological Role None General Information A synthetic element created via nuclear bombardment, few atoms have ever been made, and the properties of hassium are very poorly understood. It is a radioactive metal which does not occur naturally and is of research interest only. The first atoms were made via a nuclear reaction, the cold fusion method: 208Pb + 58Fe ® 265Hs + n |
| Physical Information | |||
| Atomic Number | 108 | ||
| Relative Atomic Mass (12C=12.000) | 265 | ||
| Melting Point/K | not available | ||
| Boiling Point/K | not available | ||
| Density/kg m-3 | 41,000 (estimated) | ||
| Ground State Electron Configuration | [Rn]5f146d67s2 | ||
| Electron Affinity(M-M-)/kJ mol-1 | not available |
| Key Isotopes | ||||||
| nuclide | 264Hs | 265Hs | ||||
| atomic mass | 264.13 | 265.13 | ||||
| natural abundance | 0% | 0% | ||||
| half-life | approx | approx | ||||
| 8x10-5 secs | 2x10-3 secs |
| Other Information | ||
| Enthalpy of Fusion/kJ mol-1 | n/a | |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation/kJ mol-1 | n/a | |
| Oxidation States | ||
| Many oxidation states predicted, but Hs+3 has been predicted as probably the most stable state. | ||
| Ionisation Energies/kJ mol-1 | ||
| M - M+ | 750 (est) | |
| M+ - M2+ | ||
| M2+ - M3+ | ||
| M3+ - M4+ | ||
| M4+ - M5+ | ||
| M5+ - M6+ | ||
| M6+ - M7+ | ||
| M7+ - M8+ | ||
| M8+ - M9+ | ||
| M9+ - M10+ | ||
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